1
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Manash Bharali M, Pramanik S, Santra A. Zinc Tetrafluoroborate Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective O-Glycosylation for the Direct Synthesis of β-Glycosides from Armed O-Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400420. [PMID: 38801056 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Efficient stereo- and regioselective O-glycosylation methods remain essential to capacitate the studies of sugars and sugar derivatives in various disciplines. In this work, we demonstrated an operationally simple and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of 1,2-trans glycosides by the activation of armed O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates donor using zinc tetrafluoroborate. This mild, transition metal-free, and scalable approach allowed stereo- and regioselective synthesis of β-glycosides with a wide range of acceptors containing various protecting groups/functionalities. This method is exemplified by synthesizing a branched trisaccharide fragment related to the cell wall O-polysaccharide of E. Coli O27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Manash Bharali
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Swapnendu Pramanik
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Santra
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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2
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Ding WY, Zhao HW, Cheng JK, Lu Z, Xiang SH, Tan B. β-C-Glycosylation with 2-Oxindole Acceptors via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Reactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:7031-7036. [PMID: 36129413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a highly efficient β-selective C-glycosylation of bicyclic galactals with 2-oxindoles through a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative pathway. A variety of substrates representing both glycosyl donors and acceptors could be transformed in greater than 90% yields under mild reaction conditions. The decarboxylation intermediate of galactal could serve as an efficient base to deprotonate the enol tautomer of 2-oxindole and enhance its nucleophilicity. The β-selective nucleophilic addition at the anomeric center originates from the steric hindrance imposed by the palladium and bulky ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao-Wen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Morelli L, Compostella F, Panza L, Imperio D. Unusual promoters and leaving groups in glycosylation reactions: The evolution of carbohydrate synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Escopy S, Singh Y, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC‐Based Automated Synthesis of Glycans in Solution. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201180. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri - St. Louis One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121 USA
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University 3501 Laclede Ave St. Louis Missouri 63103 USA
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri - St. Louis One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121 USA
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri - St. Louis One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121 USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Missouri - St. Louis One University Boulevard St. Louis Missouri 63121 USA
- Department of Chemistry Saint Louis University 3501 Laclede Ave St. Louis Missouri 63103 USA
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5
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Abstract
Saponins, as secondary metabolites in terrestrial plants and marine invertebrate, constitute one of the largest families of natural products. The long history of folk medicinal applications of saponins makes them attractive candidates for innovative drug design and development. Chemical synthesis has become a practical alternative to the availability of the natural saponins and their modified analogs, so as to facilitate SAR studies and the discovery of optimal structures for clinical applications. The recent achievements in the synthesis of these complex saponins reflect the advancements of both steroid/triterpene chemistry and carbohydrate chemistry. This chapter provides an updated review on the chemical synthesis of natural saponins, covering the literature from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Zhao G, Li J, Wang T. Visible-light-induced photoacid catalysis: application in glycosylation with O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12659-12662. [PMID: 34768281 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of visible-light-induced photoacid catalyzed glycosylation is reported. The eosin Y and PhSSPh catalyst system is applied to realize glycosylation with different glycosyl donors upon light irradiation. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope, including both glycosyl donors and acceptors, and highlights the mild nature of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
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7
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Abstract
This article describes a concise synthesis of cardiotonic steroids oleandrigenin (7) and its subsequent elaboration into the natural product rhodexin B (2) from the readily available intermediate (8) that could be derived from the commercially available steroids testosterone or DHEA via three-step sequences. These studies feature an expedient installation of the β16-oxidation based on β14-hydroxyl-directed epoxidation and subsequent epoxide rearrangement. The following singlet oxygen oxidation of the C17 furan moiety provides access to oleandrigenin (7) in 12 steps (LLS) and a 3.1% overall yield from 8. The synthetic oleandrigenin (7) was successfully glycosylated with l-rhamnopyranoside-based donor 28 using a Pd(II)-catalyst, and the subsequent deprotection under acidic conditions provided cytotoxic natural product rhodexin B (2) in a 66% yield (two steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fejedelem
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Escopy S, Singh Y, Demchenko AV. Palladium(II)-assisted activation of thioglycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2044-2054. [PMID: 33599667 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is the first example of glycosidation of thioglycosides in the presence of palladium(ii) bromide. While the activation with PdBr2 alone was proven feasible, higher yields and cleaner reactions were achieved when these glycosylations were performed in the presence of propargyl bromide as an additive. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that propargyl bromide assists the reaction by creating an ionizing complex, which accelerates the leaving group departure. A variety of thioglycoside donors in reactions with different glycosyl acceptors were investigated to determine the initial scope of this new reaction. Selective and chemoselective activation of thioglycosides over other leaving groups has also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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9
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Piazza SM, Reynolds MR, Chiaramonte J, Xu P, Chapa-Villarreal FA, Trant JF. Efficient and reproducible synthesis of an Fmoc-protected Tn antigen. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate ready for solid-phase-peptide synthesis is scalably accessible using a palladium-mediated glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Piazza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Michael R. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chiaramonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Peihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Fabiola A. Chapa-Villarreal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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10
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Khanam A, Mandal PK. Direct N-glycosylation of tosyl and nosyl carbamates with trichloroacetimidate donors. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acidic sulphonamide reactants act as both catalysts and nucleophiles to afford the desired N-glycofuranosyl sulfonamides stereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extn, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
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11
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Lee J, Báti G, Yip BRP, Loh TP, Liu XW. Iridium-promoted deoxyglycoside synthesis: stereoselectivity and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2209-2216. [PMID: 34163986 PMCID: PMC8179265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we devised a method for stereoselective O-glycosylation using an Ir(i)-catalyst which enables both hydroalkoxylation and nucleophilic substitution of glycals with varying substituents at the C3 position. In this transformation, 2-deoxy-α-O-glycosides were acquired when glycals equipped with a notoriously poor leaving group at C3 were used; in contrast 2,3-unsaturated-α-O-glycosides were produced from glycals that bear a good leaving group at C3. Mechanistic studies indicate that both reactions proceed via the directing mechanism, through which the acceptor coordinates to the Ir(i) metal in the α-face-coordinated Ir(i)-glycal π-complex and then attacks the glycal that contains the O-glycosidic bond in a syn-addition manner. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and is exemplified with the preparation of a library of oligosaccharides in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. Ir(i)-catalyzed α-selective O-glycosylation of glycals provided an access to both 2-deoxyglycosides and 2,3-unsaturated glycosides with a broad substrate scope. The underlying rationale of α-selectivity has been illustrated by the DFT study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore 637141
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Jiangsu 215400 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
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12
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are a large class of natural products that play key roles in a number of biological processes such as in cellular communication or disease progression. Carbohydrates are also used as vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Their synthesis through glycosylation reactions is challenging, and often stoichiometric amounts of promoters are required. Transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are far less common, but can have advantages with respect to reaction conditions and selectivity. The review intends to approach the topic from the catalysis and carbohydrate perspective to encourage researchers from both the fields to perform research in the area. The article covers the basics in glycosylation and catalysis chemistry. The catalysts for the reaction can be roughly divided into two groups. In one group, the catalysts serve as Lewis acids. In the other group, the catalysts play a higher sophisticated role, are involved in all elementary steps of the mechanism and remain coordinated to the substrate throughout the whole catalytic cycle. Based on selected examples, the main trends in transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are explained. Lewis acid catalysts tend to require a somewhat higher catalyst load compared to other organometallic catalysts. The reaction conditions such as the temperature and time depend in many cases on the leaving group employed. An outlook is also presented. The article is not meant to be comprehensive; it outlines the most common transition metal catalyzed processes with the intention to bring the catalysis and carbohydrate communities together and to inspire research activities in both areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike B Bauer
- University of Missouri - St Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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13
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Li Q, Levi SM, Jacobsen EN. Highly Selective β-Mannosylations and β-Rhamnosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11865-11872. [PMID: 32527078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report highly β-selective bis-thioureas-catalyzed 1,2-cis-O-pyranosylations employing easily accessible acetonide-protected donors. A wide variety of alcohol nucleophiles, including complex natural products, glycosides, and amino acids were β-mannosylated and β-rhamnosylated successfully using an operationally simple protocol under mild and neutral conditions. Less nucleophilic acceptors such as phenols were also glycosylated efficiently in excellent yields and with high β-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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14
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Devlin R, Sperry J. Biomimetic synthesis of nudicaulins I and II, yellow pigments from the Iceland poppy Papaver nudicaule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13594-13597. [PMID: 31657378 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indole and the anthocyanin orientalin proceed through a unique cascade sequence that leads to nudicaulins I and II in 92% yield. This biomimetic synthesis confirms the biosynthesis proposal for these structurally unprecedented flavoalkaloids that play a key role in the colour range displayed by the Iceland poppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Devlin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Sletten ET, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Are Brønsted Acids the True Promoter of Metal-Triflate-Catalyzed Glycosylations? A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis-Aminoglycoside Formation by Nickel Triflate. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2110-2123. [PMID: 31819822 PMCID: PMC6900934 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal triflates have been utilized to catalytically facilitate numerous glycosylation reactions under mild conditions. In some methods, the metal triflate system provides stereocontrol during the glycosylation, rather than the nature of protecting groups on the substrate. Despite these advances, the true activating nature of metal triflates remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the in situ generation of trace amounts of triflic acid from metal triflates can be the active catalyst species in the glycosylation. This fact has been mentioned previously in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions; however, a thorough study on the subject and its implications on stereoselectivity has yet to be performed. Experimental evidence from control reactions and 19F NMR spectroscopy have been obtained to confirm and quantify the triflic acid released from nickel triflate, for which it is of paramount importance in achieving a stereoselective 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond formation via a transient anomeric triflate. A putative intermediate resembling that of a glycosyl triflate has been detected using variable temperature NMR (1H and 13C) experiments. These observations, together with density functional theory calculations and a kinetic study, corroborate a mechanism involving triflic acid-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation with N-substituted trifluoromethylbenzylideneamino protected electrophiles. Specifically, triflic acid facilitates formation of a glycosyl triflate intermediate which then undergoes isomerization from the stable α-anomer to the more reactive β-anomer. Subsequent SN2-like displacement of the reactive anomer by a nucleophile is highly favorable for the production of 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Although there is a previously reported work regarding glycosyl triflates, none of these reports have been confirmed to come from the counter ion of the metal center. Our work provides supporting evidence for the induction of a glycosyl triflate through the role of triflic acid in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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16
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Shaw M, Thakur R, Kumar A. Gold(III)-Catalyzed Glycosylation using Phenylpropiolate Glycosides: Phenylpropiolic Acid, An Easily Separable and Reusable Leaving Group. J Org Chem 2019; 84:589-605. [PMID: 30569713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and operationally simple gold(III)-catalyzed glycosylation protocol was developed using newly synthesized benchtop stable phenylpropiolate glycosyl (PPG) donors. Gold(III)-catalyzed activation of PPGs proceeds well with various carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate-based glycosyl acceptors and leads to their corresponding O/ N-glycosides in good to excellent yields with regeneration of reusable and easily separable phenylpropiolic acid. Differentially protected PPGs reacted well under the optimized reaction conditions. In particular, good anomeric selectivity was observed with mannosyl and rhamnosyl PPG donors. A preliminary mechanistic study reveals that the presence of a triple bond adjacent to the ester group is essential for activation, and PPG-based donor shows higher reactivity than analogous acetate and benzoate donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Shaw
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Bihta 801106 , Bihar , India
| | - Rima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology Patna , Patna 800005 , Bihar , India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Bihta 801106 , Bihar , India
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17
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Lu YJ, Lai YH, Lin YY, Wang YC, Liang PH. 2- O- N-Benzylcarbamoyl as a Protecting Group To Promote β-Selective Glycosylation and Its Applications in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3688-3701. [PMID: 29512381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the utility of the N-benzylcarbamoyl (BnCar) protecting group in glycosylation reactions of the parent O-2 protected carbohydrate donor. It was found that the BnCar group imparted exclusively β-selectivity with primary and secondary alcohols. A mechanistic study revealed the activated intermediate to be the glycosyl triflate in a skew conformation, which results in β-selective glycosylation via an SN2-like pathway. The BnCar group can be readily cleaved using tetrabutylammonium nitrite, without affecting ester and ether protecting groups. Taken together, these results show BnCar to be useful for the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides, an undertaking that requires delicate chemical differentiation of various protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - You-Yu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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20
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Mishra KB, Singh AK, Kandasamy J. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Promoted Stereoselective Glycosylation with Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunj Bihari Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Adesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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21
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Xolin A, Losa R, Kaid A, Tresse C, Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S. Stereocontrolled glycoside synthesis by activation of glycosyl sulfone donors with scandium(iii) triflate. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:325-335. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of armed glycosyl sulfone donors, using scandium(iii) triflate under microwave irradiation, provides a selective preparation of α-mannosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Romain Losa
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Aicha Kaid
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Cédric Tresse
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette
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22
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Yao H, Zhang S, Leng WL, Leow ML, Xiang S, He J, Liao H, Le Mai Hoang K, Liu XW. Catalyst-Controlled Stereoselective O-Glycosylation: Pd(0) vs Pd(II). ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Wei-Lin Leng
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Min-Li Leow
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jingxi He
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Hongze Liao
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kim Le Mai Hoang
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and
Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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23
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Nhu D, Larsen L, Perry NB, Larsen DS, Hawkins BC. Sweet Poisons: Synthetic Strategies towards Tutin Glycosides. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic, polyoxygenated picrotoxane tutin was subjected to various glycosylation reaction conditions in an effort to synthesise β-linked tutin glycosides, recently found in toxic honeys. Cationic palladium-mediated glycosylation of tutin was successful; however, the α-linked tutin tetrabenzyl glucoside was obtained as the major product (5 : 1, α : β). Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl ether protecting groups resulted in concomitant tutin double-bond migration. Epoxide opening and rearrangement were observed upon acetylation of the tutin glucoside.
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24
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Sletten ET, Ramadugu SK, Nguyen HM. Utilization of bench-stable and readily available nickel(II) triflate for access to 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:195-207. [PMID: 27816838 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of substoichiometric amounts of commercially available nickel(II) triflate as an activator in the reagent-controlled glycosylation reaction for the stereoselective construction of biologically relevant targets containing 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic linkages is reported. This straightforward and accessible methodology is mild, operationally simple and safe through catalytic activation by readily available Ni(OTf)2 in comparison to systems employing our previously in-house prepared Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2. We anticipate that the bench-stable and inexpensive Ni(OTf)2, coupled with little to no extra laboratory training to set up the glycosylation reaction and no requirement of specialized equipment, should make this methodology be readily adopted by non-carbohydrate specialists. This report further highlights the efficacy of Ni(OTf)2 to prepare several bioactive motifs, such as blood type A-type V and VI antigens, heparin sulfate disaccharide repeating unit, aminooxy glycosides, and α-GalNAc-Serine conjugate, which cannot be achieved in high yield and α-selectivity utilizing in-house prepared Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2 catalyst. The newly-developed protocol eliminates the need for the synthesis of Ni(4-F-PhCN)4(OTf)2 and is scalable and reproducible. Furthermore, computational simulations in combination with 1H NMR studies analyzed the effects of various solvents on the intramolecular hydrogen bonding network of tumor-associated mucin Fmoc-protected GalNAc-threonine amino acid antigen derivative, verifying discrepancies found that were previously unreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | | | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
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25
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Li X, Zhu J. Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences; University of Michigan-Dearborn; 4901 Evergreen Road 48128 Dearborn Michigan USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering; The University of Toledo; 2801 West Bancroft Street 43606 Toledo Ohio USA
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26
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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27
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Highly Efficient Cationic Palladium Catalyzed Acetylation of Alcohols and Carbohydrate-Derived Polyols. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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28
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Medina S, Henderson AS, Bower JF, Galan MC. Stereoselective synthesis of glycosides using (salen)Co catalysts as promoters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:8939-41. [PMID: 25925803 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of (salen)Co catalysts as a new class of bench-stable stereoselective glycosylation promoters of trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors at room temperature is described. The conditions are practical and do not require the use of molecular sieves with products being isolated in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Medina
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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29
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Millán A, Smith JR, Chen JLY, Aggarwal VK. Tandem Allylboration-Prins Reaction for the Rapid Construction of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans: Application to the Total Synthesis of (−)-Clavosolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Millán
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - James R. Smith
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jack L.-Y. Chen
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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30
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Millán A, Smith JR, Chen JLY, Aggarwal VK. Tandem Allylboration-Prins Reaction for the Rapid Construction of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans: Application to the Total Synthesis of (-)-Clavosolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2498-502. [PMID: 26766494 PMCID: PMC4755224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydropyrans are common motifs in natural products and have now been constructed with high stereocontrol through a three‐component allylboration‐Prins reaction sequence. This methodology has been applied to a concise (13 steps) and efficient (14 % overall yield) synthesis of the macrolide (−)‐clavosolide A. The synthesis also features an early stage glycosidation reaction to introduce the xylose moiety and a lithiation‐borylation reaction to attach the cyclopropyl‐containing side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Millán
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - James R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jack L-Y Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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31
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Mukherjee MM, Basu N, Ghosh R. Iron(iii) chloride modulated selective 1,2-trans glycosylation based on glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors and its application in orthogonal glycosylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
FeCl3 modulated excellent 1,2-trans selective glycosylations based on trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors even in the presence of apparently silent C-2 protecting group, along with orthogonal glycosylation reactions are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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32
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Loka RS, McConnell MS, Nguyen HM. Studies of Highly-Ordered Heterodiantennary Mannose/Glucose-Functionalized Polymers and Concanavalin A Protein Interactions Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:4013-4021. [PMID: 26580410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Preparations of the highly ordered monoantennary, homofunctional diantennary, and heterofunctional diantennary neoglycopolymers of α-d-mannose and β-d-glucose residues were achieved via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements of these synthetic neoglycopolymers with Concanavalin A (Con A), revealed that heterofunctional diantennary architectures bearing both α-mannose and nonbinding β-glucose units, poly(Man-Glc), binds to Con A (Ka = 16.1 × 10(6) M(-1)) comparably to homofunctional diantennary neoglycopolymer (Ka = 30 × 10(6) M(-1)) bearing only α-mannose unit, poly(Man-Man). In addition, poly(Man-Glc) neoglycopolymer shows a nearly 5-fold increasing in binding affinity compared to monoantennary neoglycopolymer, poly(Man). Although the exact mechanism for the high binding affinity of poly(Man-Glc) to Con A is unclear, we hypothesize that the α-mannose bound to Con A might facilitate interaction of β-glucose with the extended binding site of Con A due to the close proximity of β-glucose to α-mannose residues in the designed polymerizable scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, United States
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33
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Peng P, Schmidt RR. An Alternative Reaction Course in O-Glycosidation with O-Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates as Glycosyl Donors and Lewis Acidic Metal Salts as Catalyst: Acid–Base Catalysis with Gold Chloride-Glycosyl Acceptor Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12653-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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34
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Nigudkar SS, Demchenko AV. Stereocontrolled 1,2- cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2687-2704. [PMID: 26078847 PMCID: PMC4465199 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein. For detailed coverage of the previous achievements in the field the reader is referred to our earlier reviews: A. V. Demchenko, Curr. Org. Chem. , 2003, 7 , 35–79 and Synlett , 2003, 1225–1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati S. Nigudkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri – St. Louis , One University Blvd , St. Louis , MO 63121 , USA .
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35
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Xiang S, Hoang KLM, He J, Tan YJ, Liu XW. Reversing the stereoselectivity of a palladium-catalyzed O-glycosylation through an inner-sphere or outer-sphere pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:604-7. [PMID: 25366278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and concise method for the construction of various O-glycosidic bonds by a palladium-catalyzed reaction with a 3-O-picoloyl glucal has been developed. The stereochemistry of the anomeric center derives from either an inner-sphere or outer-sphere pathway. Harder nucleophiles, such as aliphatic alcohols and sodium phenoxides give β-products, and α products result from using softer nucleophiles, such as phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 (Singapore)
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36
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Xiang S, Hoang KLM, He J, Tan YJ, Liu XW. Reversing the Stereoselectivity of a Palladium-Catalyzed O-Glycosylation through an Inner-Sphere or Outer-Sphere Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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McKay MJ, Park NH, Nguyen HM. Investigations of scope and mechanism of nickel-catalyzed transformations of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates to glycosyl trichloroacetamides and subsequent, atom-economical, one-step conversion to α-urea-glycosides. Chemistry 2014; 20:8691-701. [PMID: 24905328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development and mechanistic investigation of a highly stereoselective methodology for preparing α-linked-urea neo-glycoconjugates and pseudo-oligosaccharides is described. This two-step procedure begins with the selective nickel-catalyzed conversion of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates to the corresponding α-trichloroacetamides. The α-selective nature of the conversion is controlled with a cationic nickel(II) catalyst, [Ni(dppe)(OTf)2 ] (dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, OTf=triflate). Mechanistic studies have identified the coordination of the nickel catalyst with the equatorial C2 -ether functionality of the α-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate to be paramount for achieving an α-stereoselective transformation. A cross-over experiment has indicated that the reaction does not proceed in an exclusively intramolecular fashion. The second step in this sequence is the direct conversion of α-glycosyl trichloroacetamide products into the corresponding α-urea glycosides by reacting them with a wide variety of amine nucleophiles in presence of cesium carbonate. Only α-urea-product formation is observed, as the reaction proceeds with complete retention of stereochemical integrity at the anomeric CN bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242 (USA), Fax: (+1) 319-335-1270
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38
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39
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Gould ND, Liana Allen C, Nam BC, Schepartz A, Miller SJ. Combined Lewis acid and Brønsted acid-mediated reactivity of glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Song N, Li M. Bromodimethylsulfonium bromide/silver triflate-promoted glycosylations using glycosyl allenoates as donors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 381:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Xiong J, Lu Z, Ding N, Ren S, Li Y. Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Moiety of Thornasterside A. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Park H, Lee TH, Chang F, Kwon HJ, Kim J, Kim H. Synthesis of Ergosterol and 5,6-Dihydroergosterol Glycosides and Their Inhibitory Activities on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.5.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Tsai YH, Götze S, Vilotijevic I, Grube M, Silva DV, Seeberger PH. A general and convergent synthesis of diverse glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycolipids. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Abstract
Having access to mild and operationally simple techniques for attaining carbohydrate targets will be necessary to facilitate advancement in biological, medicinal, and pharmacological research. Even with the abundance of elegant reports for generating glycosidic linkages, stereoselective construction of α- and β-oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is by no means trivial. In an era where expanded awareness of the impact we are having on the environment drives the state-of-the-art, synthetic chemists are tasked with developing cleaner and more efficient reactions for achieving their transformations. This movement imparts the value that prevention of waste is always superior to its treatment or cleanup. This review will highlight recent advancement in this regard by examining strategies that employ transition metal catalysis in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. These methods are mild and effective for constructing glycosidic bonds with reduced levels of waste through utilization of sub-stoichiometric amounts of transition metals to promote the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- a Department of Chemistry and School for Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- a Department of Chemistry and School for Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA
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46
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Hoffmann N, Pietruszka J, Söffing C. From Sophorose Lipids to Natural Product Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Mensah EA, Yu F, Nguyen HM. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Glycosylation with C(2)-N-Substituted Benzylidene d-Glucosamine and Galactosamine Trichloroacetimidates for the Formation of 1,2-cis-2-Amino Glycosides. Applications to the Synthesis of Heparin Disaccharides, GPI Anchor Pseudodisaccharides, and α-GalNAc. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14288-302. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106682m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch A. Mensah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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48
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Arnold JS, Stone RF, Nguyen HM. Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective Amination of Secondary Allylic Trichloroacetimidates with Unactivated Aromatic Amines. Org Lett 2010; 12:4580-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1019025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Robert F. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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49
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Highly chemo- and stereoselective glycosidation of permethacrylated O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate reagents promoted by TMSNTf2. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McKay MJ, Naab BD, Mercer GJ, Nguyen HM. Selective formation of beta-O-aryl glycosides in the absence of the C(2)-ester neighboring group. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4705-11. [PMID: 19485363 DOI: 10.1021/jo9002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a general and practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of beta-O-aryl glycosides that exploits the nature of a cationic palladium(II) catalyst, instead of a C(2)-ester directing group, to control the beta-selectivity is described. This beta-glycosylation reaction is highly diastereoselective and requires 2-3 mol % of Pd(CH(3)CN)(4)(BF(4))(2) to activate glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors at room temperature. The current method has been applied to d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-xylose donors with a nondirecting group incorporated at the C(2)-position to provide the O-aryl glycosides with good to excellent beta-selectivity. In addition, its application is widespread to electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, and hindered phenols. The reaction is likely to proceed through a seven-membered ring intermediate, wherein the palladium catalyst coordinates to both C(1)-trichloroacetimidate nitrogen and C(2)-oxygen of the donor, blocking the alpha-face. As a result, the phenol nucleophile preferentially approaches to the top face of the activated donor, leading to formation of the beta-O-aryl glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McKay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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