1
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Yu T, Jin Z, Ji Y, Yang A, Jia P. Photoredox-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Sulfilimines. Org Lett 2024; 26:7944-7948. [PMID: 39255005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile photoinduced difunctionalization of alkenes, enabling the synthesis of valuable β-amino alcohols, β-amino ethers, and 1,2-diamines with diverse nucleophiles. The protocol relies on the use of readily accessible dibenzothiophene-based sulfilimines as novel N-radical precursors, showcasing high functional-group tolerance and exclusive regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Penghao Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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2
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Throgmorton JC, Iverson AJ, McCulla RD. Photochemistry of N-aryl and N-alkyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximines. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38922878 DOI: 10.1111/php.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine has been demonstrated to produce phenyl nitrene and dibenzothiophene S-oxide upon irradiation with UV-A light, and dibenzothiophene S-oxide upon further irradiation releases triplet atomic oxygen. Thus, N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine exhibits a rare dual-release capability in its photochemistry. In this work, N-substituted dibenzothiophene sulfoximine derivatives are irradiated with UV-A light to compare their photochemistry and quantum yield of dibenzothiophene S-oxide production with that of N-phenyl dibenzothiophene sulfoximine. Both N-aryl and N-alkyl derivatives of dibenzothiophene sulfoximine are examined to observe their effects on the quantum yield of the photolysis reaction. Adding electron withdrawing N-aryl substituents is shown to increase the quantum yield of dibenzothiophene S-oxide production, while adding electron donating N-aryl substituents is shown to decrease the quantum yield. The quantum yield was slightly lowered or not increased by most N-alkyl substituents. Furthermore, the quantum yield was not augmented by branching and steric hindrance effects associated with the N-alkyl substituents. These results suggest that electronic modulation of the sulfoximine bonds affects the observed photolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Throgmorton
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexis J Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan D McCulla
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Fu R, Xu M, Wang Y, Wu X, Bao X. Organo-Photocatalytic Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamidation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Azides: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406069. [PMID: 38630112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The construction of C(sp3)-N bonds via direct N-centered radical addition with olefins under benign conditions is a desirable but challenging strategy. Herein, we describe an organo-photocatalytic approach to achieve anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroamidation with sulfonyl azides in a highly efficient manner under transition-metal-free and mild conditions. A broad range of substrates, including both activated and unactivated alkenes, are suitable for this protocol, providing a convenient and practical method to construct sulfonylamide derivatives. A synergistic experimental and computational mechanistic study suggests that the additive, Hantzsch ester (HE), might undergo a triplet-triplet energy transfer manner to achieve photosensitization by the organo-photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Next, the resulted triplet excited state 3HE* could lead to a homolytic cleavage of C4-H bond, which triggers a straightforward H-atom transfer (HAT) style in converting sulfonyl azide to the corresponding key amidyl radical. Subsequently, the addition of the amidyl radical to alkene followed by HAT from p-toluenethiol could proceed to afford the desired anti-Markovnikov hydroamidation product. It is worth noting that mechanistic pathway bifurcation could be possible for this reaction. A feasible radical chain propagation mechanistic pathway is also proposed to rationalize the high efficiency of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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4
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Paikar A, Van Trieste GP, Das A, Wang CW, Sill TE, Bhuvanesh N, Powers DC. Development of Nonclassical Photoprecursors for Rh 2 Nitrenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12557-12564. [PMID: 37499228 PMCID: PMC10862545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of reactive intermediates in C-H functionalization is challenging due to the fleeting lifetimes of these species. Synthetic photochemistry provides a strategy to generate post-turnover-limiting-step intermediates in catalysis under cryogenic conditions that enable characterization. We have a long-standing interest in the structure and reactivity of Rh2 nitrene intermediates, which are implicated as transient intermediates in Rh2-catalyzed C-H amination. Previously, we demonstrated that Rh2 complexes bearing organic azide ligands can serve as solid-state and in crystallo photoprecursors in the synthesis of transient Rh2 nitrenoids. Complementary solution-phase experiments have not been available due to the weak binding of most organic azides to Rh2 complexes. Furthermore, the volatility of the N2 that is evolved during in crystallo nitrene synthesis from these precursors has prevented the in crystallo observation of C-H functionalization from lattice-confined nitrenes. Motivated by these challenges, here we describe the synthesis and photochemistry of nonclassical nitrene precursors based on sulfilimine ligands. Sulfilimines bind to Rh2 carboxylate complexes more tightly than the corresponding azides, which has enabled the full solid-state and solution-phase characterization of these new complexes. The higher binding affinity of sulfilimine ligands as compared with organic azides has enabled both solution-phase and solid-state nitrene photochemistry. Cryogenic photochemical studies of Rh2 sulfilimine complexes confined within polystyrene thin films demonstrate that sulfilimine photochemistry can be accomplished at low temperature but that C-H amination is rapid at temperatures compatible with N═S photoactivation. The potential of these structures to serve as platforms for multistep in crystallo cascades is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Paikar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gerard P. Van Trieste
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tiffany E. Sill
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Wu Z, Zeng X. Curtius-Type Rearrangement of Sulfinyl Azides: A Matrix Isolation and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4367-4375. [PMID: 35771242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly unstable methyl sulfinyl azide, CH3S(O)N3, has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. In the gas phase, CH3S(O)N3 decomposes quickly at room temperature (300 K) with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 7 min. Upon irradiation at 266 nm in cryogenic Ar (10 K) and Ne (3 K) matrices, the azide extrudes molecular nitrogen by yielding the novel sulfinyl nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N in the closed-shell singlet ground state, which has been characterized with matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Prolonged irradiation at 266 nm causes Curtius rearrangement of the nitrene to form N-sulfinylamine CH3NSO and S-nitrosothiol CH3SNO. By high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) at 800 K, CH3S(O)N3 also decomposes and furnishes CH3S(O)N with minor fragmentation products HNSO and CH2 in the gas phase. A similar photo-induced Curtius-type rearrangement of trifluoromethyl sulfinyl azide CF3S(O)N3 to CF3NSO and CF3SNO has also been observed in matrices. According to the theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G (3df,3pd) level of theory, the rearrangement of CH3S(O)N3 prefers a stepwise pathway by initial formation of the nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N. In line with the thermal persistence of CH3S(O)N in the gas phase, the barriers for its subsequent rearrangement are higher than 30 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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6
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Kobayashi Y, Masakado S, Murai T, Hamada S, Furuta T, Takemoto Y. A bench-stable N-trifluoroacetyl nitrene equivalent for a simple synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6628-6632. [PMID: 34282812 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00947h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ortho-Nitro-substituted N-trifluoroacetyl imino-λ3-iodane is a bench-stable trifluoroacetyl nitrene precursor, in which intra- and intermolecular halogen bonding (XB) plays an important role. Potential synthetic applications of this novel precursor were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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7
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Rashid M, Baker DD, Greer A. Two-step Two-intermediate Photorelease Bolm-McCulla Reaction: Dual Release of Nitrene and Atomic Oxygen Reactive Intermediates. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1453-1455. [PMID: 34242417 DOI: 10.1111/php.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article is a highlight of the paper by Isor et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. It describes the photolysis of a dibenzothiophene sulfoximine (bearing N-phenyl imino and S-oxide groups) to produce two reactive intermediates in tandem. The sulfoximine undergoes a S-N and S-O photocleavage to release phenyl nitrene and atomic oxygen [O(3 P)]. The phenyl nitrene dimerizes to azobenzene or is trapped by diethylamine to reach an azepine. From there, atomic oxygen arises in a secondary photolysis of dibenzothiophene sulfoxide. A computational analysis also reveals that the S-N bond is labile for initial nitrene release, with the secondary release of atomic oxygen by S-O cleavage. Whether future sulfoximine scaffolds can produce the reverse order release of O(3 P) then nitrene, or release both simultaneously, is yet to be established. Nonetheless, molecules with dual-intermediate release, such as coupled photoaffinity labeling and cellular oxidation, are worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Devora D Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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8
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Cao YX, Silalai P, Liu CF, Yu KY, Bao X, Zhao XH, Saeeng R, Fan CA. Hypervalent-Iodine(III)-Mediated Tandem Oxidative Dearomatization/Aziridination of Phenolic Amines: Synthesis of Functionalized Unactivated Aziridines. Chemistry 2021; 27:8473-8478. [PMID: 33844345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new hypervalent-iodine(III)-mediated tandem reaction involving oxidative dearomatization and in situ aziridination of phenolic amines is described, providing a mild and effective method for the assembly of structurally interesting and synthetically useful aziridines. Importantly, the densely functionalized aziridines resulting from this unprecedented tandem reaction offer a platform for expeditious access to architecturally diverse aza-heterocycles through transformations initiated by selective ring-opening of aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Patamawadee Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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9
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Antoni PW, Mackenroth AV, Mulks FF, Rudolph M, Helmchen G, Hashmi ASK. Dibenzothiophenesulfilimines: A Convenient Approach to Intermolecular Rhodium-Catalysed C-H Amidation. Chemistry 2020; 26:8235-8238. [PMID: 32428332 PMCID: PMC7383884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sulfilimine‐based Group 9 transition‐metal‐catalysed C−H amidation procedure is reported. Dibenzothiophene‐based sulfilimines were shown to constitute a class of novel amidation reagents which enable the transfer of a wide range of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acyl moieties. It was demonstrated that sulfilimines, which are easily accessible from cheap reagents, are safe‐to‐handle and represent broadly applicable amidation reagents. The dibenzothiophene can be recycled after use. The C−H amidation was shown to proceed with high selectivity and gave the mono‐amidated products, mostly in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Takemoto Y, Masakado S, Kobayashi Y. Photo-Irradiation-Promoted Aminoetherification of Glycals with N-Acyliminoiodinane and Alcohols. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Yang Y, Deng G, Lu Y, Liu Q, Abe M, Zeng X. Photodecomposition of Thienylsulfonyl Azides: Generation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet Thienylsulfonyl Nitrenes and 3-Thienylnitrene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9311-9320. [PMID: 31593628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of 2-thienylsulfonyl azide (1) and 3-thienylsulfonyl azide (6) has been disclosed by combining matrix-isolation spectroscopy with quantum chemical calculations. Two novel heteroaryl sulfonyl nitrenes, 2-thienylsulfonyl nitrene (2) and 3-thienylsulfonyl nitrene (7), have been generated during the 266 nm laser photolysis of 1 and 6, respectively. Both nitrenes in the triplet ground state have been characterized with matrix-isolation IR (15N-labeling) in solid Ar (10.0 K), N2 (10.0 K), and Ne (2.8 K) matrixes and EPR spectroscopy (2, |D/hc| = 1.452 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0058 cm-1; 7, |D/hc| = 1.492 cm-1 and |E/hc| = 0.0060 cm-1) in solid toluene at 5.0 K. Upon subsequent UV-light irradiation (365 nm), no Curtius rearrangement but decomposition of 2 occurs by SO2-elimination and the concurrent formation of ring-opening product (s-Z)-4-thioxo-2-butenenitrile (3) via the intermediacy of the putative 2-thienylnitrene (4). In contrast, violet-light irradiation (400 ± 20 nm) of 7 causes SO2-elimination to yield triplet 3-thienylnitrene (8), for which the IR spectroscopic identification is supported by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. 3-Thienylnitrene is highly reactive, since it not only combines with SO2 to furnish 3-thienyl-N-sulfonylamine (9) but also undergoes ring-opening to (s-E)-4-thioxo-2-butenenitrile (10) under the UV-light irradiation (365 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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12
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Liu Q, Qin Y, Lu Y, Wentrup C, Zeng X. Spectroscopic Characterization of Nicotinoyl and Isonicotinoyl Nitrenes and the Photointerconversion of 4-Pyridylnitrene with Diazacycloheptatetraene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3793-3801. [PMID: 30978289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nicotinoyl nitrene (2) has been generated from the photodecomposition of nicotinoyl azide (1) and used as the key intermediate in probing nucleobase solvent accessibility inside cells. Following the 266 nm laser photolysis of nicotinoyl azide (1) and isonicotinoyl azide (5) in solid N2 matrices at 15 K, nicotinoyl nitrene (2) and isonicotinoyl nitrene (6) have now been identified by matrix-isolation infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Both aroyl nitrenes 2 and 6 adopt closed-shell singlet ground states stabilized by significant Nnitrene···O interactions, which is consistent with the spectroscopic analysis and calculations at the CBS-QB3 level of theory. Upon subsequent visible light irradiations, 2 (400 ± 20 nm) and 6 (532 nm) undergo rearrangement to pyridyl isocyanates 3 and 7. Further dissociation of 3 and 7 under 193 nm laser irradiation results in CO elimination and formation of ketenimines 12 and 13 via the ring opening of elusive pyridyl nitrenes 4 and 8, respectively. In addition to the IR spectroscopic identification of 8 in the triplet ground state, its reversible photointerconversion with ring expansion to diazacycloheptatetraene 9 has been observed directly. The spectroscopic identification of the nitrene intermediates was aided by calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level, and the mechanism for their generation in stepwise decompositions of the azides is discussed in the light of CBS-QB3 calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , China
| | - Yan Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , China
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 215123 Suzhou , China
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13
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An ab initio CBS-QB3 quantum chemical study of singlet and triplet sulfonylnitrenes insertion into acetylenes and nitriles. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Kolattoor J, Sherman M, Jenks W. Product sensitization in the photochemical generation of carbenes from sulfonium ylides. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Kobayashi Y, Masakado S, Takemoto Y. Photoactivated
N
‐Acyliminoiodinanes Applied to Amination: an
ortho
‐Methoxymethyl Group Stabilizes Reactive Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:693-697. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Sota Masakado
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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16
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Kobayashi Y, Masakado S, Takemoto Y. PhotoactivatedN‐Acyliminoiodinanes Applied to Amination: anortho‐Methoxymethyl Group Stabilizes Reactive Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Sota Masakado
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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17
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Wu Z, Feng R, Li H, Xu J, Deng G, Abe M, Bégué D, Liu K, Zeng X. Fast Heavy-Atom Tunneling in Trifluoroacetyl Nitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ruijuan Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Didier Bégué
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254; CNRS/ UNIV PAU & Pays Adour; Pau 64000 France
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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18
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Wu Z, Feng R, Li H, Xu J, Deng G, Abe M, Bégué D, Liu K, Zeng X. Fast Heavy-Atom Tunneling in Trifluoroacetyl Nitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15672-15676. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ruijuan Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Guohai Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Didier Bégué
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254; CNRS/ UNIV PAU & Pays Adour; Pau 64000 France
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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19
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Li Z, Yu H, Bolm C. Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine as an NH3Surrogate in the Synthesis of Primary Amines by Copper-Catalyzed C−X and C−H Bond Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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Li Z, Yu H, Bolm C. Dibenzothiophene Sulfoximine as an NH3Surrogate in the Synthesis of Primary Amines by Copper-Catalyzed C−X and C−H Bond Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9532-9535. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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21
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Chavez TA, Liu Y, Toscano JP. Time-Resolved Infrared (TRIR) Studies of Oxycarbonylnitrenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6320-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - John P. Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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22
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Kuzmin AV, Neumann C, van Wilderen LJGW, Shainyan BA, Bredenbeck J. Exploring photochemistry of p-bromophenylsulfonyl, p-tolylsulfonyl and methylsulfonyl azides by ultrafast UV-pump–IR-probe spectroscopy and computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8662-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07636f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of three sulfonylazides was studied by femtosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Kuzmin
- Institute of Biophysics
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
- 60438 Frankfurt
- Germany
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
| | - C. Neumann
- Institute of Biophysics
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
- 60438 Frankfurt
- Germany
| | | | - B. A. Shainyan
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science
- Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - J. Bredenbeck
- Institute of Biophysics
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
- 60438 Frankfurt
- Germany
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23
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Li H, Wu Z, Li D, Zeng X, Beckers H, Francisco JS. A Singlet Thiophosphoryl Nitrene and Its Interconversion with Thiazyl and Thionitroso Isomers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10942-5. [PMID: 26275526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiophosphoryl nitrenes, R2P(S)N, are thiazirine-like intermediates that have been chemically inferred from trapping products in early solution studies. In this work, photolysis of the simplest thiophosphoryl azide, F2P(S)N3, in solid noble-gas matrices enabled a first-time spectroscopic (IR and UV-vis) identification of the thiophosphoryl nitrene F2P(S)N in its singlet ground state. Upon visible-light irradiation (≥495 nm), it converts into the thionitroso isomer F2P-N═S, which can also be produced in the gas phase from flash vacuum pyrolysis of F2P(S)N3. Further irradiation of F2P-NS with 365 nm UV light leads to the reformation of F2P(S)N and isomerization to the thiazyl species F2P-S≡N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dingqing Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Barrett MJ, Davies PW, Grainger RS. Regioselective functionalisation of dibenzothiophenes through gold-catalysed intermolecular alkyne oxyarylation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8676-86. [PMID: 26177794 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01241d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A protocol has been developed for direct Csp(3)-Csp(2) bond formation at the 4- and 6-positions of dibenzothiophenes using a gold(I) catalyst with terminal alkynes and dibenzothiophene-S-oxides. The sulfoxide acts as a traceless directing group to avoid the need to prefunctionalise at carbon. The iterative use of this protocol is possible and has been employed in the preparation of novel macrocyclic structures. In addition, a cascade process shows how oxyarylations can be combined with other processes resulting in complex, highly efficient transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Barrett
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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25
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Sun H, Zhu B, Wu Z, Zeng X, Beckers H, Jenks WS. Thermally Persistent Carbonyl Nitrene: FC(O)N. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502821y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Sun
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - William S. Jenks
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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26
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Li D, Li H, Zhu B, Zeng X, Willner H, Beckers H, Neuhaus P, Grote D, Sander W. Decomposition of fluorophosphoryl diazide: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise decomposition of fluorophosphoryl diazide (FP(O)(N3)2), via nitrene (FP(O)(N3)N) and the cyclic intermediate (FP(O)N2), was experimentally and theoretically studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingqing Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- 215123 Suzhou
- China
| | - Helge Willner
- FB C-Anorganische Chemie
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- 42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
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27
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Sherman MP, Jenks WS. Computational Rationalization for the Observed Ground-State Multiplicities of Fluorinated Acylnitrenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8977-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Sherman
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - William S. Jenks
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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28
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Zeng X, Beckers H, Willner H, Neuhaus P, Grote D, Sander W. Photochemistry of Matrix Isolated (Trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl Azide, CF3SO2N3. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2281-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506243s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Helmut Beckers
- FB
C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse
20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- FB
C-Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse
20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraß
150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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29
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Kuzmin AV, Shainyan BA. Computational study of singlet and triplet sulfonylnitrenes insertion into the C―C or C―H bonds of ethylene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Kuzmin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
| | - Bagrat A. Shainyan
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Street Irkutsk 664033 Russian Federation
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30
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Shainyan BA, Kuzmin AV. Computational study of singlet and triplet sulfonylnitrenes insertion into 1,3-butadienes: 1,2- or 1,4-cycloaddition? J PHYS ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagrat A. Shainyan
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Street 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - Anton V. Kuzmin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Street 664033 Irkutsk Russia
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31
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Stoffregen SA, Lee SY, Dickerson P, Jenks WS. Computational investigation of the photochemical deoxygenation of thiophene-S-oxide and selenophene-Se-oxide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:431-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A multireference CASSCF investigation of the dissociation of thiophene-S-oxide and selenophene-Se-oxide in their ground and accessible excited state demonstrates that dissociation can occur from T2 with little or no barrier.
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32
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Shainyan BA, Kuzmin AV. Sulfonyl nitrenes from different sources: computational study of formation and transformations. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagrat A. Shainyan
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Str. 1 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - Anton V. Kuzmin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science; 1 Favorsky Str. 1 664033 Irkutsk Russia
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33
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Zeng X, Beckers H, Willner H. Thermally Persistent Fluorosulfonyl Nitrene and Unexpected Formation of the Fluorosulfonyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2096-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312073w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zeng
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB
C, Mathematik
und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Chemie, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB
C, Mathematik
und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Chemie, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, FB
C, Mathematik
und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Chemie, Wuppertal, Germany
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34
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35
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Perry RH, Cahill TJ, Roizen JL, Du Bois J, Zare RN. Capturing fleeting intermediates in a catalytic C-H amination reaction cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18295-9. [PMID: 23091019 PMCID: PMC3494934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207600109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have applied an ambient ionization technique, desorption electrospray ionization MS, to identify transient reactive species of an archetypal C-H amination reaction catalyzed by a dirhodium tetracarboxylate complex. Using this analytical method, we have detected previously proposed short-lived reaction intermediates, including two nitrenoid complexes that differ in oxidation state. Our findings suggest that an Rh-nitrene oxidant can react with hydrocarbon substrates through a hydrogen atom abstraction pathway and raise the intriguing possibility that two catalytic C-H amination pathways may be operative in a typical bulk solution reaction. As highlighted by these results, desorption electrospray ionization MS should have broad applicability for the mechanistic study of catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Justin Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080
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36
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Ramos LA, Zeng X, Ulic SE, Beckers H, Willner H, Della Védova CO. Chlorodifluoroacetyl Azide, ClF2CC(O)N3: Preparation, Properties, and Decomposition. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6456-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3009726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Ramos
- CEQUINOR (UNLP-CONICET), Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Fachbereich
C - Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal,
Germany
| | - Sonia E. Ulic
- CEQUINOR (UNLP-CONICET), Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Rutas 5 y 7 (6700),
Luján, Argentina
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Fachbereich
C - Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal,
Germany
| | - Helge Willner
- Fachbereich
C - Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal,
Germany
| | - Carlos O. Della Védova
- CEQUINOR (UNLP-CONICET), Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Servicios a la Industria y al Sistema Científico (UNLP-CIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Kubicki J, Luk HL, Zhang Y, Vyas S, Peng HL, Hadad CM, Platz MS. Direct Observation of a Sulfonyl Azide Excited State and Its Decay Processes by Ultrafast Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7036-44. [PMID: 22462556 DOI: 10.1021/ja212085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kubicki
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory,
Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hoi Ling Luk
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Huo-Lei Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Matthew S. Platz
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus,
Ohio 43210, United States
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38
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Kubicki J, Zhang Y, Xue J, Ling Luk H, Platz M. Ultrafast time resolved studies of the photochemistry of acyl and sulfonyl azides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10377-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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39
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Liu Y, Evans AS, Toscano JP. Nanosecond time-resolved IR study of thiobenzoylnitrene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10438-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Zeng X, Beckers H, Neuhaus P, Grote D, Sander W. Elusive Fluoro Sulfinyl Nitrite, FS(O)NO, Produced by Photolysis of Matrix-isolated FS(O)2N. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Ahammed S, Saha A, Ranu BC. Hydrogenation of Azides over Copper Nanoparticle Surface Using Ammonium Formate in Water. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7235-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Ahammed
- Department of organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Amit Saha
- Department of organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Department of organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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42
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Kubicki J, Zhang Y, Vyas S, Burdzinski G, Luk HL, Wang J, Xue J, Peng HL, Pritchina EA, Sliwa M, Buntinx G, Gritsan NP, Hadad CM, Platz MS. Photochemistry of 2-Naphthoyl Azide. An Ultrafast Time-Resolved UV–Vis and IR Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9751-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109098w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kubicki
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hoi Ling Luk
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Huo-Lei Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Elena A. Pritchina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR 8516/CNRS −Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Guy Buntinx
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR 8516/CNRS −Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Matthew S. Platz
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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Li C, Zhang L. Gold-catalyzed nitrene transfer to activated alkynes: formation of α,β-unsaturated amidines. Org Lett 2011; 13:1738-41. [PMID: 21351760 PMCID: PMC3085905 DOI: 10.1021/ol2002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed intermolecular nitrene transfer to alkynes was developed for the first time, revealing a new mode of nitrene transfer and providing a novel access to versatile α-imino metal carbenes. Various mild nitrene-transfer reagents were examined, and iminopyridium ylides especially those based on 3,5-dichloropyridine proved be highly effective. With activated alkynes such as N-alkynyloxazolidinones as substrates, α,β-unsaturated amidines were formed in mostly good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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44
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Bettinger HF, Filthaus M. Borylnitrenes: electrophilic reactive intermediates with high reactivity towards C-H bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5477-82. [PMID: 20931109 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Borylnitrenes (catBN 3a and pinBN 3b; cat = catecholato, pin = pinacolato) are reactive intermediates that show high tendency towards insertion into the C-H bonds of unactivated hydrocarbons. The present article summarizes the matrix isolation investigations that were aimed at identifying, characterizing and investigating the chemical behaviour of 3a by spectroscopic means, and of the experiments in solution and in the gas phase that were performed with 3b. Comparison with the reactivity reported for difluorovinylidene 1a in solid argon indicates that 3a shows by and large similar reactivity, but only after photochemical excitation. The derivative 3b inserts into the C-H bonds of hydrocarbon solvents in high yields and thus allows the formation of primary amines, secondary amines, or amides from "unreactive" hydrocarbons. It can also be used for generation of methylamine or methylamide from methane in the gas phase at room temperature. Remaining challenges in the chemistry of borylnitrenes are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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45
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Wang YT, Novak M. Multiple decomposition pathways for the oxenium ion precursor O-(4-(4'-methylphenyl)phenyl)-N-methanesulfonylhydroxylamine. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7697-706. [PMID: 19775151 DOI: 10.1021/jo9014062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although O-arylhydroxylamine derivatives have been claimed to be sources of oxenium ions in a large number of studies, it is not clear that the products of these reactions are due to oxenium ions. Previously, we had shown through azide trapping studies that the quinol ester 2a and the title compound 3a generate the oxenium ion 1a. The ester 2a exclusively generates 1a in water and is also a photoprecursor of 1a in water. This is not true of 3a. The oxenium ion pathway accounts for a significant fraction of the reaction of 3a under neutral and acidic pH conditions, but there are three other pathways that account for hydrolysis of 3a. Both 3a and its conjugate base 3a(-) are present in aqueous solution under mild pH conditions. In addition to the oxenium ion product 4a, two other significant products are generated: the phenol 6a and the rearrangement product 8a. Both 4a and 8a are generated exclusively from 3a, whereas 6a is generated from both 3a and 3a(-). Azide trapping studies show that 6a and 8a are not generated from the oxenium ion. The phenol 6a is generated by two paths, one involving an apparent radical intermediate 7a and the other through a stepwise alpha-elimination pathway through 3a(-). The rearrangement product 8a is generated either through a concerted rearrangement or via an ion-pair rearrangement. Photolysis of 3a does not generate 1a. The only products of photolysis of 3a in water are 6a (major) and 8a (minor). The weak O-N bond of 3a is susceptible to homolysis under photolysis conditions, and the radical 7a is observed after laser flash photolysis of 3a. The cation 1a that is observed during laser flash photolysis experiments on 2a cannot be detected during similar experiments on 3a. These results suggest that the previous attribution of oxenium ions as the source of the decomposition products of other O-arylhydroxylamine derivatives in aromatic solvents via thermolysis or acid-catalyzed decomposition may not be correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
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46
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Kubicki J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Luk HL, Peng HL, Vyas S, Platz MS. Direct observation of acyl azide excited states and their decay processes by ultrafast time resolved infrared spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4212-3. [PMID: 19317497 DOI: 10.1021/ja9002102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of three carbonyl azides was studied by ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Benzoyl, 2-naphthoyl, and pivavoyl azides are promoted to upper excited states S(n) with 270 nm excitation in chloroform. The S(n) states decay in 300 fs to form both the carbonylnitrenes and the S(1) excited states. The decay of the S(1) states of the carbonyl azides correlates with the growth of isocyanates. Formation of carbonylnitrene from S(1) is at most a minor process if it happens at all. The quantum yields of azide decomposition of these azides with 270 nm light are close to unity in chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kubicki
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 85 Umultowska, Poznan 61-614, Poland
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47
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Jenks WS, Heying MJ, Stoffregen SA, Rockafellow EM. Reaction of Dicarbomethoxycarbene with Thiophene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2765-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802823s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Jenks
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Melanie J. Heying
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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49
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Morita H, Tatami A, Maeda T, Ju Kim B, Kawashima W, Yoshimura T, Abe H, Akasaka T. Generation of Nitrene by the Photolysis of N-Substituted Iminodibenzothiophene. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7159-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800604t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Atsushi Tatami
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maeda
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Byung Ju Kim
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Wataru Kawashima
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimura
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA Center), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
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