1
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Hu J, Launay JP, Chaumont A, Heitz V, Jacquot de Rouville HP. Self-Assembled Bis-Acridinium Tweezer Equilibria Controlled by Multi-Responsive Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401866. [PMID: 38780863 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Protonated and methylated bis-acridinium tweezers built around a 2,6-diphenylpyridyl and an electron enriched 2,6-di(p-anisyl)pyridyl spacer have been synthesized. These tweezers can self-assemble in their corresponding homodimers and the associated thermodynamic parameters have been probed in organic solvents. The switching properties of the tweezers have been exploited in biphasic transfer experiments showing the shift of the equilibria towards the homodimers. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters of the formation of the reduced methylated homodimers investigated by electrochemical experiments revealed the dissociation of the dimers. Thus, in addition to solvent and temperature, the pH and redox responsiveness of the acridinium units of the tweezers make it possible to modulate to a larger extent the monomer-dimer equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Hu
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Launay
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- LSAMM, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Lee H, Lee D. Assembling Molecular Clips To Build π-Stacks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302523. [PMID: 37658276 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nature utilizes an intimate stacking of aromatic motifs to construct functional structures, as demonstrated in protein folding and polynucleotide assembly. However, organized π-stacks of artificial molecules are difficult to build, primarily due to the weak, non-directional, and context-sensitive nature of van der Waals forces. To overcome these challenges, chemists have invented ingenious architectural designs to construct π-stacked supramolecular assemblies using clip-like molecules. This Concept article focuses on molecular clips that enable precise spatial control over assembly patterns, beyond the scope of simple host-guest chemistry. Different design strategies are analyzed and compared that leverage non-covalent interactions to create multi-layer π-stacks. Particular emphasis is placed on the choice of spine units as they play a crucial role in controlling the (i) spacing, (ii) orientation, and (iii) conformational pre-organization of linked aromatics to achieve long-range spatial ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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3
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Molecular Tetris by sequence-specific stacking of hydrogen bonding molecular clips. Commun Chem 2022; 5:180. [PMID: 36697760 PMCID: PMC9814962 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A face-to-face stacking of aromatic rings is an effective non-covalent strategy to build functional architectures, as elegantly exemplified with protein folding and polynucleotide assembly. However, weak, non-directional, and context-sensitive van der Waals forces pose a significant challenge if one wishes to construct well-organized π-stacks outside the confines of the biological matrix. To meet this design challenge, we have devised a rigid polycyclic template to create a non-collapsible void between two parallel oriented π-faces. In solution, these shape-persistent aromatic clips self-dimerize to form quadruple π-stacks, the thermodynamic stability of which is enhanced by self-complementary N-H···N hydrogen bonds, and finely regulated by the regioisomerism of the π-canopy unit. With assistance from sufficient electrostatic polarization of the π-surface and bifurcated hydrogen bonds, a small polyheterocyclic guest can effectively compete against the self-dimerization of the host to afford a triple π-stack inclusion complex. A combination of solution spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational studies aided a detailed understanding of this cooperative vs competitive process to afford layered aromatics with extraordinary structural regularity and fidelity.
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4
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Wang ZG. New Molecular Scaffolds Based on 2,8-Xylylene-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Synthesis of Glycoluril Dimers with the Ability to Form Polymeric Self-Associates in Water. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly in water resulting in polymeric structures is emerging because of its potential in the preparation of adaptive materials with applications in biology and medicine. Here, we report the first example of host molecules based on glycoluril dimers, which self-associate into linear oligomers in water. The degree of polymerization for the resulting supramolecular aggregates was calculated using the isodesmic model and the Carothers equation. The model compound was prepared to enable a deeper understanding of the forces responsible for the self-association of the glycoluril dimer-based monomers in water.
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6
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Murkli S, Klemm J, King D, Zavalij PY, Isaacs L. Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril-Type Receptors: Aromatic Wall Extension Enhances Binding Affinity, Delivers Helical Chirality, and Enables Fluorescence Sensing. Chemistry 2020; 26:15249-15258. [PMID: 32658342 PMCID: PMC7704778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the linear extension from M1 to M2 to anthracene walled M3 which adopts a helical conformation (X-ray) to avoid unfavorable interactions between sidewalls. M3 is water soluble (=30 mm) and displays enhanced optical properties (ϵ=1.28×105 m-1 cm-1 , λmax =370 nm) relative to M2. The binding properties of M3 toward guests 1-29 were examined by 1 H NMR and ITC. The M3⋅guest complexes are stronger than the analogous complexes of M2 and M1. The enhanced binding of M3 toward neuromuscular blockers 25, 27-29 suggests that M3 holds significant promise as an in vivo reversal agent. The changes in fluorescence observed for M3⋅guest complexes are a function of the relative orientation of the anthracene sidewalls, guest concentration, Ka , and guest electronics which rendered M3 a superb component of a fluorescence sensing array. The work establishes M3 as a next generation sequestering agent and a versatile component of fluorescence sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Murkli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jared Klemm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - David King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peter Y Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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7
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Chemoresponsive polymer systems for selective molecular recognition of organic molecules in biological systems. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:32-66. [PMID: 32877717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smart polymer materials that respond to a chemical stimulus are applied for the construction of biomedical devices and purification/separation systems. Small organic molecules are a particular type of stimulus. Their abnormal concentration indisputably indicates certain diseases. They are also hazardous environment contaminants. Polymer materials, which structure is selectively changed in the presence of a defined organic compound are promising in view of regulation of certain biomedical functions, as well as in view of chemical detectors construction. This review summarizes the state of the art in the self-assemblies of amphiphilic copolymers and polymer networks sensitive toward organic species, with an emphasis on the reports from the last decade. We focus on the relationship between the selectivity of introduced receptor moieties responsible for the change of material structure, the overall structure of material and its functionality.
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8
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Urbaniak M, Gosecki M, Gostynski B, Gosecka M. Synthesis of a monofunctional glycoluril molecular clip via cyclic imide formation on the convex site. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple synthesis of a monohydroxylated glycoluril clip derivative prone to homodimerization from diester or diethanolamide clip derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Urbaniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Mateusz Gosecki
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Gostynski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Monika Gosecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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9
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Cotelle Y, Hardouin-Lerouge M, Lemasson E, Morille Y, Canevet D, Legoupy S, Hudhomme P. An original self-assembly using a tetrathiafulvalene-based molecular clip for the recognition of fullerene C60. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3077-3080. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glycoluril-based molecular clip incorporating tetrathiafulvalene sidewalls self-assembles with fullerene C60 in a 2 : 1 stoichiometry in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Cotelle
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | | | - Elise Lemasson
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Yohann Morille
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - David Canevet
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Stéphanie Legoupy
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Piétrick Hudhomme
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
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10
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Wi EH, Ryu JY, Lee SG, Farwa U, Pait M, Lee S, Cho S, Lee J. Selective Self-Assembly of a Rectangular Ruthenium Supramolecule from an Unsymmetrical Bridging Unit. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11493-11499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Wi
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ume Farwa
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moumita Pait
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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11
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Gosecki M, Urbaniak M, Gosecka M. Glycoluril Clips for the Construction of Chemoresponsive Supramolecular Polymer Networks through Homodimer Cross‐Links. Chempluschem 2019; 84:981-988. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences Polymer Division Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbaniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences Polymer Division Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Monika Gosecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences Polymer Division Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
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12
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Jacquot de Rouville HP, Gourlaouen C, Heitz V. Self-complementary and narcissistic self-sorting of bis-acridinium tweezers. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8725-8730. [PMID: 31134249 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A molecular tweezer incorporating two acridinium moieties linked by a 1,3-dipyridylbenzene spacer was synthesized in three steps. The formation of its self-complementary dimer in water was demonstrated as a result of π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, a 1 : 1 mixture of this bis-acridinium tweezer with one built on a 2,6-diphenylpyridyl spacer evidenced its narcissistic self-sorting behaviour in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Pierre Jacquot de Rouville
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Gosecka M, Urbaniak M, Mikina M, Gosecki M, Rozanski A. Homodimerization driven self-assembly of glycoluril molecular clips with covalently immobilized poly(ε-caprolactone). SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7945-7949. [PMID: 30226247 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an unexpected self-assembly of a glycoluril clip-poly(ε-caprolactone) conjugate in chloroform. The conjugate forms homodimer aggregates due to supramolecular interactions between glycoluril moieties, which was confirmed with MALDI-TOF-ms and 1H NMR. TEM revealed the formation of multilayered nanosized prism-shaped objects resembling tree bark in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gosecka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polymer Division, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-36 Lodz, Poland.
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14
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Jacquot de Rouville HP, Zorn N, Leize-Wagner E, Heitz V. Entwined dimer formation from self-complementary bis-acridiniums. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10966-10969. [PMID: 30204168 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A dicationic tweezer incorporating two acridinium moieties linked by a 2,6-diphenylpyridine spacer was shown to self-assemble in an entwined dimer both in acetonitrile and water. The reaction was studied according to solvent polarity, temperature and concentration conditions. The entwined structure was confirmed in the solid state via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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15
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Kikot LS, Kulygina CY, Lyapunov AY, Shishkina SV, Zubatyuk RI, Bogashchenko TY, Kirichenko TI. Synthesis and complexation of molecular clips based on diphenylglycoluril and dibenzocrown ethers with alkali metal cations and paraquat. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Beatty MA, Busmann JA, Fagen NG, Garnett GAE, Hof F. A clip-like host that undergoes self-assembly and competitive guest-induced disassembly in water. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1494275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A. Beatty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Noah G. Fagen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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17
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Ganapati S, Isaacs L. Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril-type Receptors: Preparation, Molecular Recognition Properties and Biological Applications. Isr J Chem 2018; 58:250-263. [PMID: 29805180 PMCID: PMC5966040 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article traces the development of acyclic cucurbit[n]uril-type receptors with a focus on work from the Isaacs group. First, we describe the synthesis of methylene bridged glycoluril dimers capped with aromatic sidewalls which allowed us to probe the interconversion of the S- and C-shaped dimers which is a fundamental step in CB[n] formation. The C-shaped compounds were found to undergo discrete self-assembly (dimerization) in both water and organic solvents which lead us to investigate multicomponent self-sorting systems. We supressed the self-association of 8 by electrostatic repulsion in the putative dimer which allowed expression of its innate molecular recognition properties toward methylene blue and related planar cationic dyes. Longer glycoluril oligomers (trimer - hexamer, acyclic decamer) were prepared by starving the CB[n]-forming reaction of formaldehyde. The longer oligomers (e.g. 15 and 16) bind to alkylammonium ions in water ≈ 100-fold weaker than macrocyclic CB[n] highlighting the high preorganization of the acyclic but polycyclic framework. We prepared a wide variety of acyclic CB[n] compounds (wall variants, solubilizing group variants, linker variants) based on glycoluril trimer and tetramer. In particular, 26 and 27 have been shown to possess a wide variety of chemically and biologically interesting functions. For example, 26 was used to formulate the insoluble drug Albendazole and treat mice bearing SK-OV-3 xenograft tumors. Compound 27 binds tightly to the neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium, vecuronium, and cisatracurium and acts as an in vivo reversal agent for these compounds in anesthetized rats. Container 27 was also found to modulate the hyperlocomotive effect of rats that had been treated with methamphetamine. Finally, 38 has been used as a cross reactive component of sensor arrays that are capable of classifying and quantifying cancer related nitroamines and a range of over the counter drugs. Overall, the work demonstrates that acyclic CB[n]-type compounds are nicely pre-organized and therefore retain the essential aspects of the recognition properties of macrocyclic CB[n] but allow for more straightforward tailoring of structure and solubility that enables a variety of chemically and biologically important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ganapati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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18
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Jędrzejewska H, Szumna A. Making a Right or Left Choice: Chiral Self-Sorting as a Tool for the Formation of Discrete Complex Structures. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4863-4899. [PMID: 28277655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses chiral self-sorting-the process of choosing an interaction partner with a given chirality from a complex mixture of many possible racemic partners. Chiral self-sorting (also known as chiral self-recognition or chiral self-discrimination) is fundamental for creating functional structures in nature and in the world of chemistry because interactions between molecules of the same or the opposite chirality are characterized by different interaction energies and intrinsically different resulting structures. However, due to the similarity between recognition sites of enantiomers and common conformational lability, high fidelity homochiral or heterochiral self-sorting poses a substantial challenge. Chiral self-sorting occurs among natural and synthetic molecules that leads to the amplification of discrete species. The review covers a variety of complex self-assembled structures ranging from aggregates made of natural and racemic peptides and DNA, through artificial functional receptors, macrocyles, and cages to catalytically active metal complexes and helix mimics. The examples involve a plethora of reversible interactions: electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and dynamic covalent bonds. A generalized view of the examples collected from different fields allows us to suggest suitable geometric models that enable a rationalization of the observed experimental preferences and establishment of the rules that can facilitate further design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Gangopadhyay M, Maity A, Dey A, Das A. [2]Pseudorotaxane Formation with FRET Based Luminescence Response: Demonstration of Boolean Operations through Self-Sorting on Solid Surface. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8977-8987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Gangopadhyay
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Arunava Maity
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Ananta Dey
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Organic
Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar,Gujarat 364002, India
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20
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Gilberg L, Zhang B, Zavalij PY, Sindelar V, Isaacs L. Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril-type molecular containers: influence of glycoluril oligomer length on their function as solubilizing agents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4041-50. [PMID: 25731639 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of a series of six new glycoluril derived molecular clips and acyclic CB[n]-type molecular containers (1–3) that all feature SO3(−) solubilizing groups but differ in the number of glycoluril rings between the two terminal dialkoxyaromatic sidewalls. We report the X-ray crystal structure of 3b which shows that its dialkoxynaphthalene sidewalls actively define a hydrophobic cavity with high potential to engage in π–π interactions with insoluble aromatic guests. Compounds 1–3 possess very good solubility characteristics (≥38 mM) and undergo only very weak self-association (Ks < 92 M(−1)) in water. The weak self-association is attributed to unfavorable SO3(−)···SO3(−) electrostatic interactions in the putative dimers 12–42. Accordingly, we created phase solubility diagrams to study their ability to act as solubilizing agents for four water insoluble drugs (PBS-1086, camptothecin, β-estradiol, and ziprasidone). We find that the containers 3a and 3b which feature three glycoluril rings between the terminal dialkoxy-o-xylylene and dialkoxynaphthalene sidewalls are less efficient solubilizing agents than 4a and 4b because of their smaller hydrophobic cavities. Containers 1 and 2 behave as molecular clip type receptors and therefore possess the ability to bind to and thereby solubilize aromatic drugs like camptothecin, ziprasidone, and PBS-1086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gilberg
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Johnson AM, Wiley CA, Young MC, Zhang X, Lyon Y, Julian RR, Hooley RJ. Narcissistic Self-Sorting in Self-Assembled Cages of Rare Earth Metals and Rigid Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Johnson AM, Wiley CA, Young MC, Zhang X, Lyon Y, Julian RR, Hooley RJ. Narcissistic self-sorting in self-assembled cages of rare Earth metals and rigid ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5641-5. [PMID: 25784462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective, narcissistic self-sorting can be achieved in the formation of self-assembled cages of rare earth metals with multianionic salicylhydrazone ligands. The assembly process is highly sensitive to the length of the ligand and the coordination geometry. Most surprisingly, high-fidelity sorting is possible between ligands of identical coordination angle and geometry, differing only in a single functional group on the ligand core, which is not involved in the coordination. Supramolecular effects allow discrimination between pendant functions as similar as carbonyl or methylene groups in a complex assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Johnson
- University of California Riverside, Department of Chemistry, Riverside, CA, 92521 (USA)
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23
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Wang J, Wang M, Xiang J, Cao L, Wu A, Isaacs L. Dimeric packing of molecular clips induced by interactions between π-systems. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first observation synthesis and X-ray structures of seven glycoluril clips that feature extended aromatic sidewalls; compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of the out–out dimeric motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiachen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
| | - Anxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park, USA
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24
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Zeng F, Han Y, Chen CF. Self-sorting behavior of a four-component host–guest system and its incorporation into a linear supramolecular alternating copolymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3593-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-sorting behavior of a four-component host–guest system was found, which could be utilized to construct a linear supramolecular alternating copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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25
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Wang J, Gao Y, Xiang J, Wang M, Wu A. X-ray studies of conformation: observation of conformational polymorphism of a glycoluril clip. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, molecular modeling, X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy were used to study the conformational behavior of a novel glycoluril based clip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiachen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
| | - Anxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan, PR China
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26
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Hardouin-Lerouge M, Cotelle Y, Legoupy S, Hudhomme P. Synthesis of glycoluril-tetrathiafulvalene molecular clips for electron-deficient neutral guests through a straightforward Diels–Alder strategy. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Isaacs L. Stimuli responsive systems constructed using cucurbit[n]uril-type molecular containers. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2052-62. [PMID: 24785941 PMCID: PMC4100796 DOI: 10.1021/ar500075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conspectus This Account focuses on stimuli responsive systems that function in aqueous solution using examples drawn from the work of the Isaacs group using cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) molecular containers as key recognition elements. Our entry into the area of stimuli responsive systems began with the preparation of glycoluril derived molecular clips that efficiently distinguish between self and nonself by H-bonds and π-π interactions even within complex mixtures and therefore undergo self-sorting. We concluded that the selectivity of a wide variety of H-bonded supramolecular assemblies was higher than previously appreciated and that self-sorting is not exceptional behavior. This lead us to examine self-sorting within the context of CB[n] host-guest chemistry in water. We discovered that CB[n] homologues (CB[7] and CB[8]) display remarkably high binding affinity (Ka up to 10(17) M(-1)) and selectivity (ΔΔG) toward their guests, which renders CB[n]s prime components for the construction of stimuli responsive host-guest systems. The CB[7]·adamantaneammonium ion complex, which is particularly privileged (Ka = 4.2 × 10(12) M(-1)), was introduced by us as a stimulus to trigger constitutional changes in multicomponent self-sorting systems. For example, we describe how the free energy associated with the formation of host-guest complexes of CB[n]-type receptors can drive conformational changes of included guests like triazene-arylene foldamers and cationic calix[4]arenes, as well as induced conformational changes (e.g., ammonium guest size dependent homotropic allostery, metal ion triggered folding, and heterochiral dimerization) of the hosts themselves. Many guests display large pKa shifts within their CB[n]-guest complexes, which we used to promote pH controlled guest swapping and thermal trans-to-cis isomerization of azobenzene derivatives. We also used the high affinity and selectivity of CB[7] toward its guests to outcompete an enzyme (bovine carbonic anhydrase) for a two-faced inhibitor, which allowed stimuli responsive regulation of enzymatic activity. These results prompted us to examine the use of CB[n]-type receptors in both in vitro and in vivo biological systems. We demonstrated that adamantaneammonium ion can be used to intracellularly sequester CB[7] from gold nanoparticles passivated with hexanediammonium ion·CB[7] complexes and thereby trigger cytotoxicity. CB[7] derivatives bearing a biotin targeting group enhance the cytotoxicity of encapsulated oxaliplatin toward L1210FR cells. Finally, acyclic CB[n]-type receptors function as solubilizing excipients for insoluble drugs for drug delivery purposes and as a broad spectrum reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocking agents rocuronium, vecuronium, and cis-atracurium in rats. The work highlights the great potential for integration of CB[n]-type receptors with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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28
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Zheng B, Klautzsch F, Xue M, Huang F, Schalley CA. Self-sorting of crown ether/secondary ammonium ion hetero-[c2]daisy chain pseudorotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Acharyya K, Mukherjee PS. Hydrogen-bond-driven controlled molecular marriage in covalent cages. Chemistry 2013; 20:1646-57. [PMID: 24382644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular approach that uses hydrogen-bonding interaction as a driving force to accomplish exceptional self-sorting in the formation of imine-based covalent organic cages is discussed. Utilizing the dynamic covalent chemistry approach from three geometrically similar dialdehydes (A, B, and D) and the flexible triamine tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (X), three new [3+2] self-assembled nanoscopic organic cages have been synthesized and fully characterized by various techniques. When a complex mixture of the dialdehydes and triamine X was subjected to reaction, it was found that only dialdehyde B (which has OH groups for H-bonding) reacted to form the corresponding cage B3X2 selectively. Surprisingly, the same reaction in the absence of aldehyde B yielded a mixture of products. Theoretical and experimental investigations are in complete agreement that the presence of the hydroxyl moiety adjacent to the aldehyde functionality in B is responsible for the selective formation of cage B3X2 from a complex reaction mixture. This spectacular selection was further analyzed by transforming a nonpreferred (non-hydroxy) cage into a preferred (hydroxy) cage B3X2 by treating the former with aldehyde B. The role of the H-bond in partner selection in a mixture of two dialdehydes and two amines has also been established. Moreover, an example of unconventional imine bond metathesis in organic cage-to-cage transformation is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Acharyya
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institution of Science, Bangalore 560 012 (India), Fax: (+91) 8023601552
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30
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Wong CH, Zimmerman SC. Orthogonality in organic, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry: from Merrifield to click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1679-95. [PMID: 23282586 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of orthogonality has been applied to many areas of chemistry, ranging from wave functions to chromatography. But it was Barany and Merrifield's orthogonal protecting group strategy that paved the way for solid phase peptide syntheses, other important classes of biomaterials such as oligosaccharides and oligonucleotides, and ultimately to a term in widespread usage that is focused on chemical reactivity and binding selectivity. The orthogonal protection strategy has been extended to the development of orthogonal activation, and recently the click reaction, for streamlining organic synthesis. The click reaction and its variants are considered orthogonal as the components react together in high yield and in the presence of many other functional groups. Likewise, supramolecular building blocks can also be orthogonal, thereby enabling programmed self-assembly, a superb strategy to create complex architectures. Overall, orthogonal reactions and supramolecular interactions have dramatically improved the syntheses, the preparation of functional materials, and the self-assembly of nanoscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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31
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Molecular clips based on diphenylglycoluril and benzocrown ethers: promising complexing agents for the alkali metal cations. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Li L, Zhang HY, Zhao J, Li N, Liu Y. Self-Sorting of Four Organic Molecules into a Heterowheel Polypseudorotaxane. Chemistry 2013; 19:6498-506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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33
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Mayoral MJ, Rest C, Schellheimer J, Stepanenko V, Fernández G. Narcissistic versus social self-sorting of oligophenyleneethynylene derivatives: from isodesmic self-assembly to cooperative co-assembly. Chemistry 2012; 18:15607-11. [PMID: 23132726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Narcissistic versus social! The self-assembly of two structurally related oligophenyleneethynylene derivatives featuring polar or nonpolar peripheral chains is reported. Their remarkable narcissistic versus social self-sorting behaviour in aqueous media can be controlled by concentration and solvent changes.
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34
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Ito S, Ono K, Iwasawa N. Controlled Self-Assembly of Multiple Diastereomeric Macrocyclic Boronic Esters Composed of Two Chiral Units. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13962-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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35
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Narcissistic self-sorting of hydrogen-bonded dimeric capsules formed through self-assembly of flexible tripodal receptors in polar solvents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7392-4. [PMID: 22711179 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purely hydrogen-bonded dimeric capsule formation through self-sorting of three different tripodal receptors, having similar size and bearing the same functionality, through dynamic self-assembly in polar solvents is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Singh
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Jiang W, Nowosinski K, Löw NL, Dzyuba EV, Klautzsch F, Schäfer A, Huuskonen J, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Chelate Cooperativity and Spacer Length Effects on the Assembly Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Divalent Pseudorotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1860-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karol Nowosinski
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora L. Löw
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor V. Dzyuba
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Klautzsch
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience
Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience
Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Lal Saha M, Schmittel M. Degree of molecular self-sorting in multicomponent systems. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4651-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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38
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Dzyuba EV, Baytekin B, Sattler D, Schalley CA. Phenanthroline- and Terpyridine-Substituted Tetralactam Macrocycles: A Facile Route to Rigid Di- and Trivalent Receptors and Interlocked Molecules. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Gan H, Gibb BC. Guest-controlled self-sorting in assemblies driven by the hydrophobic effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1656-8. [PMID: 22187069 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extent of self-sorting in systems comprised of two different deep-cavity cavitands is investigated. The nature of the guest(s) encapsulated in the resulting assemblies is shown to profoundly influence the extent of self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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40
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Safont-Sempere MM, Fernández G, Würthner F. Self-sorting phenomena in complex supramolecular systems. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5784-814. [PMID: 21846150 DOI: 10.1021/cr100357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Safont-Sempere
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Osowska K, Miljanić OŠ. Self-Sorting of Dynamic Imine Libraries during Distillation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Osowska K, Miljanić OŠ. Self-Sorting of Dynamic Imine Libraries during Distillation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8345-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Cao LP, Wang JG, Ding JY, Wu AX, Isaacs L. Reassembly self-sorting triggered by heterodimerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8548-50. [PMID: 21725545 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a five-component self-sorted system comprising molecular clips that form heterodimers 1·4 and 8·11, and homodimer 14·14 in C(6)D(5)CD(3)/CDCl(3). The three component self-sorting mixture comprising 1·1, 8·8, and 14·14 undergoes triggered reassembly self-sorting upon addition of 4·4 and 11·11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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44
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Johnson AM, Hooley RJ. Steric effects control self-sorting in self-assembled clusters. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4671-3. [PMID: 21517029 DOI: 10.1021/ic2001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endohedrally functionalized bis(pyridine) ligands show the ability to self-discriminate when treated with coordinating metals to form self-assembled clusters. Self-sorting between components is controlled by substitution on the interior of the complex. Tuning the size of the internal substituent allows selective heterocluster formation, determined by noncovalent and space-filling interactions. This novel method of self-sorting allows discrimination between ligands of identical geometry and donor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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45
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Osowska K, Miljanić OŠ. Oxidative Kinetic Self-Sorting of a Dynamic Imine Library. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:724-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109754t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Osowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 136 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š. Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 136 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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46
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Bende A, Grosu I, Turcu I. Molecular Modeling of Phenothiazine Derivatives: Self-Assembling Properties. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12479-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bende
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath Street, Number 65-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Arany Janos Street, Number 11, Ro-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ion Grosu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath Street, Number 65-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Arany Janos Street, Number 11, Ro-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Turcu
- Molecular and Biomolecular Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath Street, Number 65-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania and Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Arany Janos Street, Number 11, Ro-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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47
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Hardouin-Lerouge M, Hudhomme P, Sallé M. Molecular clips and tweezers hosting neutral guests. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:30-43. [PMID: 21038068 DOI: 10.1039/b915145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intense current interest in supramolecular chemistry is devoted to the construction of molecular assemblies displaying controlled molecular motion associated to recognition. On this ground, molecular clips and tweezers have focused an increasing attention. This tutorial review points out the recent advances in the construction of always more sophisticated molecular clips and tweezers, illustrating their remarkably broad structural variety and focusing on their binding ability towards neutral guests. A particular attention is brought to recent findings in dynamic molecular tweezers whose recognition ability can be regulated by external stimuli. Porphyrin-based systems will not be covered here as this very active field has been recently reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hardouin-Lerouge
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
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48
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49
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Wallentin CJ, Wixe T, Wendt OF, Bergquist KE, Wärnmark K. Synthesis and self-aggregation of enantiopure and racemic molecular tweezers based on the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane framework. Chemistry 2010; 16:3994-4002. [PMID: 20187041 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A pair of molecular tweezers (syn-4) that consists of quinoline and pyrazine units fused to a bicyclic framework is presented. The tweezers were synthesised both as a racemic mixture (rac-4) and an enantiomerically pure form ((R,R,R,R)-4) starting from either racemic or enantiomerically pure bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione (3). Homochiral dimers were observed in the solid state for rac-4. The self-association of both rac-4 and (R,R,R,R)-4 was studied in solution. A weak self-association constant in CDCl(3) was estimated by (1)H NMR spectroscopic dilution titration experiments in both cases, following several proton resonances. For this purpose, a general normalisation model for the accurate determination of association constants from multiple datasets was developed. In contrast to the solid state, no diastereomeric discrimination was observed for rac-4 in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Safont-Sempere M, Osswald P, Radacki K, Würthner F. Chiral Self-Recognition and Self-Discrimination of Strapped Perylene Bisimides by π-Stacking Dimerization. Chemistry 2010; 16:7380-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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