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Samantaray S, Maharana PK, Kar S, Saha S, Punniyamurthy T. Redox-neutral zinc-catalyzed cascade [1,4]-H shift/annulation of diaziridines with donor-acceptor aziridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3441-3444. [PMID: 38445334 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The coupling of diaziridines with donor-acceptor aziridines (DAAs) has been achieved using Zn-catalysis to furnish imidazopyrazole-4,4-dicarboxylates via [1,4]-hydride shift. The use of Zn-catalysis, [1,4]-hydride shift, natural product modification and a late-stage molecular docking study are important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Samantaray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Subhradeep Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Sharajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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2
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Qiao J, Wang S, Liu X, Feng X. Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Donor-Acceptor Aziridines and Imines to Construct 2,5-trans-Imidazolidines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203757. [PMID: 36602265 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of donor-acceptor aziridines with N-aryl protected imines was developed with a Ni(ClO4 )2 ⋅ 6H2 O/N,N'-dioxide catalyst system, providing a broad range of chiral trans-substituted imidazolidine compounds with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % yield, up to 98 % ee). Control experiments indicated that the products could offer excellent diastereoselectivities with the control of chiral Ni(II)-N,N'-dioxide complex and the interaction of the substrates. The possible catalytic process was proposed to rationalize the stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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3
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Li H, Wu J, Zheng J, Li WDZ. Synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines via the cascade reaction of 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11092-11095. [PMID: 34617533 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tandem reactions of the yttrium(iii) catalyzed ring-opening reaction of 2,2'-diester aziridines with 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles and the subsequent Friedel-Crafts/Mannich/desulfonylation were reported. A series of polycyclic spiroindolines containing tetrahydro-β-carbolines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (56-92%) in one step under mild reaction conditions. A possible catalytic mechanism was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jinyu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zheng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Z Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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4
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Shi Z, Fan T, Zhang X, Zhan F, Wang Z, Zhao L, Lin J, Jiang Y. Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Imidazolidines
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[3+2] Cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐Triazinanes with Donor‐Acceptor Aziridines and Their Anti‐Tumor Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Shi
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin‐Shun Lin
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
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5
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Synthetic Applications of Aziridinium Ions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061774. [PMID: 33809951 PMCID: PMC8004105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonactivated aziridine with an electron-donating group at the ring nitrogen should be activated to an aziridinium ion prior to being converted to cyclic and acyclic nitrogen-containing molecules. This review describes ways to generate aziridinium ions and their utilization for synthetic purposes. Specifically, the intra- and intermolecular formation of aziridinium ions with proper electrophiles are classified, and their regio- and stereoselective transformations with nucleophiles are described on the basis of recent developments.
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6
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Zuo Q, Shi Z, Zhan F, Wang Z, Lin JS, Jiang Y. TfOH-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition of N-tosylaziridine dicarboxylates and nitriles: Synthesis of tetrafunctionalized 2-imidazolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Kattamuri PV, Bhakta U, Siriwongsup S, Kwon DH, Alemany LB, Yousufuddin M, Ess DH, Kürti L. Synthesis of Structurally Diverse 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-Membered Heterocycles from Diisopropyl Iminomalonates and Soft C-Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7066-7099. [PMID: 31009563 PMCID: PMC7879484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a general synthetic strategy for the preparation of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-membered heterocyclic unnatural amino acid derivatives by exploiting facile Mannich-type reactions between readily available N-alkyl- and N-aryl-substituted diisopropyl iminomalonates and a wide range of soft anionic C-nucleophiles without using any catalyst or additive. Fully substituted aziridines were obtained in a single step when enolates of α-bromo esters were employed as nucleophiles. Enantiomerically enriched azetidines, γ-lactones, and tetrahydroquinolines were obtained via a two-step catalytic asymmetric reduction and cyclization sequence from ketone enolate-derived adducts. Finally, highly substituted γ-lactams were prepared in one pot from adducts obtained using acetonitrile-derived carbanions. Overall, this work clearly demonstrates the utility of iminomalonates as highly versatile building blocks for the practical and scalable synthesis of structurally diverse heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabha V. Kattamuri
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Urmibhusan Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Surached Siriwongsup
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Lawrence B. Alemany
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Life and Health Sciences Department, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75241, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Singh GS. Advances in synthesis and chemistry of aziridines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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A DFT mechanistic study of the generation of azomethine ylides from the ring-opening reactions of stabilized aziridines and follow-up 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with acetaldehyde. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Wu X, Zhou W, Wu HH, Zhang J. Enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and aldehydes via Ni/bis(oxazoline)-catalyzed ring opening of N-tosylaziridines through a chirality transfer approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5661-5664. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective [3+2] cycloaddition of N-tosylaziridines and aldehydes catalyzed by a Ni(ii)-bisoxazoline complex has been accomplished through a chirality transfer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Hai-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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11
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Liao Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Xia Y, Lin L, Feng X. Asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of donor-acceptor aziridines with aldehydes via carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3775-3779. [PMID: 30155018 PMCID: PMC6013814 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of donor-acceptor aziridines with aldehydes has been realized using a Nd(OTf)3/N,N'-dioxide/LiNTf2 catalyst system, providing various chiral cis-1,3-oxazolidines in moderate to good yields with high levels of stereocontrol. A relay catalytic process is proposed where LiNTf2 promotes the formation of azomethine ylide intermediates, and a chiral Nd(iii)-N,N'-dioxide complex accelerates the asymmetric cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 28 85418249
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , China
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12
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Kumar Kondapi VP, Soueidan OM, Hosseini SN, Jabari N, West FG. Efficient and Easy Access to Optically Pure Tetrasubstituted Tetrahydrofurans via Stereoselective Opening ofC2-Symmetric Epoxide and Aziridine Rings. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Paasche A, Zipper A, Schäfer S, Ziebuhr J, Schirmeister T, Engels B. Evidence for substrate binding-induced zwitterion formation in the catalytic Cys-His dyad of the SARS-CoV main protease. Biochemistry 2014; 53:5930-46. [PMID: 25196915 DOI: 10.1021/bi400604t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus main protease (M(pro)) represents an attractive drug target for antiviral therapy of coronavirus (CoV) infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The SARS-CoV M(pro) and related CoV proteases have several distinct features, such as an uncharged Cys-His catalytic dyad embedded in a chymotrypsin-like protease fold, that clearly separate these enzymes from archetypical cysteine proteases. To further characterize the catalytic system of CoV main proteases and to obtain information about improved inhibitors, we performed comprehensive simulations of the proton-transfer reactions in the SARS-CoV M(pro) active site that lead to the Cys(-)/His(+) zwitterionic state required for efficient proteolytic activity. Our simulations, comprising the free enzyme as well as substrate-enzyme and inhibitor-enzyme complexes, lead us to predict that zwitterion formation is fostered by substrate binding but not inhibitor binding. This indicates that M(pro) employs a substrate-induced catalytic mechanism that further enhances its substrate specificity. Our computational data are in line with available experimental results, such as X-ray geometries, measured pKa values, mutagenesis experiments, and the measured differences between the kinetic parameters of substrates and inhibitors. The data also provide an atomistic picture of the formerly postulated electrostatic trigger involved in SARS-CoV M(pro) activity. Finally, they provide information on how a specific microenvironment may finely tune the activity of M(pro) toward specific viral protein substrates, which is known to be required for efficient viral replication. Our simulations also indicate that the low inhibition potencies of known covalently interacting inhibitors may, at least in part, be attributed to insufficient fostering of the proton-transfer reaction. These findings suggest ways to achieve improved inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Paasche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Schmidt TC, Paasche A, Grebner C, Ansorg K, Becker J, Lee W, Engels B. QM/MM investigations of organic chemistry oriented questions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 351:25-101. [PMID: 22392477 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
About 35 years after its first suggestion, QM/MM became the standard theoretical approach to investigate enzymatic structures and processes. The success is due to the ability of QM/MM to provide an accurate atomistic picture of enzymes and related processes. This picture can even be turned into a movie if nuclei-dynamics is taken into account to describe enzymatic processes. In the field of organic chemistry, QM/MM methods are used to a much lesser extent although almost all relevant processes happen in condensed matter or are influenced by complicated interactions between substrate and catalyst. There is less importance for theoretical organic chemistry since the influence of nonpolar solvents is rather weak and the effect of polar solvents can often be accurately described by continuum approaches. Catalytic processes (homogeneous and heterogeneous) can often be reduced to truncated model systems, which are so small that pure quantum-mechanical approaches can be employed. However, since QM/MM becomes more and more efficient due to the success in software and hardware developments, it is more and more used in theoretical organic chemistry to study effects which result from the molecular nature of the environment. It is shown by many examples discussed in this review that the influence can be tremendous, even for nonpolar reactions. The importance of environmental effects in theoretical spectroscopy was already known. Due to its benefits, QM/MM can be expected to experience ongoing growth for the next decade.In the present chapter we give an overview of QM/MM developments and their importance in theoretical organic chemistry, and review applications which give impressions of the possibilities and the importance of the relevant effects. Since there is already a bunch of excellent reviews dealing with QM/MM, we will discuss fundamental ingredients and developments of QM/MM very briefly with a focus on very recent progress. For the applications we follow a similar strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Schmidt
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, Campus Hubland Nord, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Wang S, Zhu X, Chai Z, Wang S. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via [3 + 2]-annulation of aziridines and β-nitroalkenes under aerobic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1351-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polysubstituted pyrroles are regioselectively synthesizedviathe copper acetate-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation reaction of aziridines and nitroalkenes under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Wannan Medical College
- Wuhu, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Zhuo Chai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
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Grabowsky S, Jayatilaka D, Fink RF, Schirmeister T, Engels B. Can Experimental Electron-Density Studies be Used as a Tool to Predict Biologically Relevant Properties of Low-Molecular Weight Enzyme Ligands? Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Wu X, Li L, Zhang J. Direct Aza-Darzens Aziridination ofN-Tosylimines with 2-Bromomalonates for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Donor-Acceptor Aziridines. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Grazioso G, Legnani L, Toma L, Ettari R, Micale N, De Micheli C. Mechanism of falcipain-2 inhibition by α,β-unsaturated benzo[1,4]diazepin-2-one methyl ester. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1035-43. [PMID: 22965332 PMCID: PMC7088093 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is a papain-family cysteine protease of Plasmodium falciparum whose primary function is to degrade the host red cell hemoglobin, within the food vacuole, in order to provide free amino acids for parasite protein synthesis. Additionally it promotes host cell rupture by cleaving the skeletal proteins of the erythrocyte membrane. Therefore, the inhibition of FP-2 represents a promising target in the search of novel anti-malarial drugs. A potent FP-2 inhibitor, characterized by the presence in its structure of the 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold and an α,β-unsaturated methyl ester moiety capable to react with the Cys42 thiol group located in the active site of FP-2, has been recently reported in literature. In order to study in depth the inhibition mechanism triggered by this interesting compound, we carried out, through ONIOM hybrid calculations, a computational investigation of the processes occurring when the inhibitor targets the enzyme and eventually leads to an irreversible covalent Michael adduct. Each step of the reaction mechanism has been accurately characterized and a detailed description of each possible intermediate and transition state along the pathway has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Zhang Z, Wei Y, Shi M. An unprecedented ring-opening reaction of N-(aziridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazines to facile synthesis of functionalized enamines catalysed by Lewis acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5334-6. [PMID: 22527208 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interesting Lewis acid-catalysed ring-opening reaction of N-(aziridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazines has been described in this context. A variety of functionalized enamines could be obtained in good yields through a highly regioselective cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen single bond in the aziridines along with a 1,2-migration of the substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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20
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Wu X, Li L, Zhang J. Nickel(II)-catalyzed diastereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition of N-tosyl-aziridines and aldehydes via selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7824-6. [PMID: 21655580 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and mild Ni(ClO(4))(2)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of N-tosylaziridines and aldehydes via C-C bond cleavage was developed. The cycloaddition reaction proceeds with high diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity leading to highly substituted 1,3-oxazolidines. Notably, this novel reaction can be easily expanded to gram level scale and the thermal conditions cannot achieve the same transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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Transformations of 3-aryl-2-chloro-2-imidoylaziridines: novel entries to 4-chloro-2,5-diaryl-1H-imidazoles and 2-chloro-2-acylaziridines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Banks HD. Substituent effects on the rate of formation of azomethine ylides. A computational investigation. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6335-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Paasche A, Schiller M, Schirmeister T, Engels B. Mechanistic study of the reaction of thiol-containing enzymes with alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl substrates by computation and chemoassays. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:869-80. [PMID: 20401893 PMCID: PMC7162195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the reactions between substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (Michael systems) and thiols by computations as well as chemoassays. The results give insight into variations in the underlying mechanisms as a function of the substitution pattern. This is of interest for the mechanisms of inhibition of the SARS coronavirus main protease (SARS‐CoV Mpro) by etacrynic acid derivatives as well as for the excess toxicity of substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This study compares possible reaction courses including 1,4‐addition followed by a ketonization step, and underscores the importance of a base‐catalyzed step for the reactivity of thiol groups in enzymes. Phenyl and methyl substituents at the Michael system decrease the reactivity of the electrophilic compound, but chlorophenyl substituents partly recover the reactivity. Computations also indicate that electron‐pushing substituents lead to a change in the reaction mechanism. The conformation of the Michael system is also found to significantly influence reactivity: the s‐cis conformation leads to higher reactivity than the s‐trans conformation. The computed data explain the trends in measured inhibition potencies of substituted α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and of reaction rates in chemical assays. They also indicate that the reversibility of inhibition does not stand in contrast to the formation of a new covalent bond between inhibitor and protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Paasche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Banks HD. Torquoselectivity Studies in the Generation of Azomethine Ylides from Substituted Aziridines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2510-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902600y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold D. Banks
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center APG, Maryland 21010-5424
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Ghorai MK, Kumar A, Tiwari DP. BF3·OEt2-Mediated Highly Regioselective SN2-Type Ring-Opening of N-Activated Aziridines and N-Activated Azetidines by Tetraalkylammonium Halides. J Org Chem 2009; 75:137-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902244y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Deo Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
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