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Banerjee A, Hattori T, Yamamoto H. Regio- and Stereoselective (SN2) N-, O-, C- and S-Alkylation Using Trialkyl Phosphates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1504-8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) is one of the most well-known fundamental reactions in organic chemistry to generate new molecules from two molecules. In principle, a nucleophile attacks from the back side of an alkylating agent having a suitable leaving group, most commonly a halide. However, alkyl halides are expensive, very harmful, toxic and not so stable, which makes them problematic for laboratory use. In contrast, trialkyl phosphates are inexpensive, readily accessible and stable at room temperature, under air, and are easy to handle, but rarely used as alkylating agents in organic synthesis. Here, we describe a mild, straightforward and powerful method for nucleophilic alkylation of various N-, O-, C- and S-nucleophiles using readily available trialkyl phosphates. The reaction proceeds smoothly in excellent yield, and quantitative yield in many cases, and covers a wide range of substrates. Further, the rare stereoselective transfer of secondary alkyl groups has been achieved with inversion of configuration of chiral centers (up to 98% ee).
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2
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Faure C, Jamet H, Belle C, Moulinet d'Hardemare A. Exploring Coumarins Reduction: NaBH
4
/MeOH versus Nickel Boride Generated
In Situ
. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Faure
- Université Grenoble Alpes – CNRS Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM) 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Hélène Jamet
- Université Grenoble Alpes – CNRS Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM) 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble Alpes – CNRS Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM) 38000 Grenoble France
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Matsumoto S, Naito M, Oseki T, Akazome M, Otani Y. Selective reaction of benzyl alcohols with HI gas: Iodination, reduction, and indane ring formations. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Causero A, Elsen H, Ballmann G, Escalona A, Harder S. Calcium stilbene complexes: structures and dual reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10386-10389. [PMID: 28876007 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05792j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of a calcium hydride complex to diphenylacetylene gave a complex in which the stilbene dianion symmetrically bridges two Ca2+ions. With H2, this complex reacts as a double Brønsted base. In reaction with I2it provides two electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Causero
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Ana Escalona
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry
- University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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5
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Azzena U. 1,2-Diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes: Versatile, Highly Reactive, and Tunable Synthetic Equivalents of Sodium Metal. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes are easily prepared, versatile, and stable diorganometals finding application in 1,2-reductive eliminations as well as in the degradation of several persistent organic pollutants as homogeneous synthetic equivalents of a highly reactive form of Na metal. Understanding their reactivity in terms of their different electron-donor power, which is strongly affected by the nature of substituents located either on the aromatic ring(s) or on the carbanionic centers, allowed rationalization of their employment not only as chemoselective single electron transfer reducing reagents, but also as bases in the generation of enediolates of arylacetic acids bearing easily reducible carbon–halogen bonds.
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Mocci F, Antonello S, Maran F. Reducing properties of 1,2-dipyridyl-1,2-disodioethanes: chemical validation of theoretical and electrochemical predictions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical calculations and electrochemical analysis were used to set up a relative scale for the reducing strength of the dianions of 1,2-dipyridylethenes, validated by studying their reactivity towards halogenated benzoic and arylacetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - M. Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - L. Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - F. Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario
- I – 09042 Monserrato (Ca)
- Italy
| | - S. Antonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Maran
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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Braunschweig H, Claes C, Damme A, Deissenberger A, Dewhurst RD, Hörl C, Kramer T. A facile and selective route to remarkably inert monocyclic NHC-stabilized boriranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1627-30. [PMID: 25503081 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a facile and selective synthetic route to monocyclic NHC-stabilized boriranes. We have succeeded in obtaining two highly stable new boriranes through salt elimination of NHC-stabilized dichloroboranes with the dianion of trans-stilbene, Na2[C14H12]. One borirane was observed to undergo reaction with [Pt(PEt3)3], in which the Pt(0) center oxidatively adds a backbone C-H bond of the NHC, leading to the isolation of the Pt(II) complex trans-[(Et3P)2PtH{C=CH(NMe)2C·BPh(C14H12)}]. The remarkable inertness of the NHC-boriranes suggests a strong stabilising effect of quaternization of the boron atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Meloni C, Murgia I, Pisano L, Pittalis M, Luisi R, Musio B, Degennaro L. Regio- and stereochemistry of Na-mediated reductive cleavage of alkyl aryl ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Active-alkali metal promoted reductive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene and its hindered analogues. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Obora Y, Ogawa S, Yamamoto N. Iridium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Methylquinolines with Alcohols. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9429-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3019347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty
of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Azzena U, Kondrot F, Pisano L, Pittalis M. A green solvent approach to the chemistry of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Florian Kondrot
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Mario Pittalis
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
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Blangetti M, Fleming P, O’Shea DF. Homo- and Hetero-oxidative Coupling of Benzyl Anions. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2870-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Blangetti
- School of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fleming
- School of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- School of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pisano L, Pittalis M. Reducing versus basic properties of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Mocci S, Pisano L, Cerioni G, Mocci F. Active-sodium-promoted reductive cleavage of halogenated benzoic acids. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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