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Carraro M, Are C, Azzena U, De Luca L, Gaspa S, Satta G, Holzer W, Pace V, Pisano L. Electronic Effects in a Green Protocol for (Hetero)Aryl-S Coupling. Molecules 2024; 29:1714. [PMID: 38675533 PMCID: PMC11051792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl and heteroaryl iodides have been efficiently converted into the corresponding thioacetates in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), a green solvent, under Cu catalysis. The chemoselectivity of the reaction is mainly controlled by electronic factors, enabling the conversion of both electron-rich and electron-deficient substrates into the corresponding thioacetates in good to excellent yields. The products can be easily deprotected to the corresponding thiolates to carry out additional synthetic transformations in situ. Surprisingly, despite CPME's relatively low dielectric constant, the reaction rate significantly increased when conducted under microwave irradiation conditions. This synthetic methodology exhibits a remarkable tolerance to functional groups, mild reaction conditions, and a wide substrate scope, utilizing a safe and inexpensive CuI pre-catalyst in the green solvent CPME. A non-aqueous workup allowing for the complete recovery of both catalyst and solvent makes this approach an environmentally sustainable protocol for C(sp2) sulfur functionalization. Additionally, the reaction shows selective cross-coupling with iodides in competition with chlorides and bromides, allowing its use in multistep syntheses. To demonstrate the potential of this methodology, it was applied to the high-yield synthesis of a photochromic dithienylethene, where a selective synthesis had not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Camillo Are
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.L.); (S.G.)
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Polese R, Pintus E, Nuvoli L, Tiana M, Pintus S, Satta G, Beccu A, Gaspa S, Carraro M, De Luca L, Azzena U, Pisano L. Aquivion perfluorosulfonic superacid as an effective catalyst for selective epoxidation of vegetable oils. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211554. [PMID: 35601448 PMCID: PMC9043701 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The acid-promoted epoxidation of vegetable oils was studied using a variety of acidic ion exchange resins as heterogeneous acid catalysts. Quantitative and selective epoxidation of a series of vegetable oils with different composition of saturated, mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated fatty acids was obtained upon identification of the more efficient catalyst and experimental conditions. Furthermore, optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to the epoxidation of a waste cooking oil, thus extending our procedure to the valorization of a biowaste, an area of increasing importance within a more sustainable society. The use of quantitative 1HNMR besides making accurate evaluation of the amounts of reagents to be employed and of the selectivity, allowed facile and rapid quantification of mono-, di- and tri-epoxides, thus providing an indirect indication on the fatty acid composition of the vegetable oils, even in the presence of very low quantities of linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polese
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luca Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Monica Tiana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pintus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Beccu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Pintus E, Pintus S, Polese R, Satta P, Gaspa S, De Luca L, Taras A, Garroni S. Size Selectivity in the Hydroxylation of Esters of Unsaturated Fatty Acids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - M. Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) via Ulpiani 27, I‐70126 Bari Italy
| | - L. Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - E. Pintus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - S. Pintus
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - R. Polese
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - P. Satta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - S. Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - L. De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - A. Taras
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
| | - S. Garroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2, I‐07100 Sassari Italy
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Satta G, Usala E, Solinas A, Römer M, Livesi M, Pira GM, Beccu A, Carboni S, Gaspa S, De Luca L, Pisano L, Azzena U, Carraro M. Nenitzescu Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxyindoles with Zinc, Iron and Magnesium Salts in Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Satta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Elena Usala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Angelo Solinas
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Melina Römer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Marco Livesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Giovanni Michele Pira
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Andrea Beccu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Silvia Carboni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università degli Studi di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC) Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
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Gaspa S, Farina A, Tilocca M, Porcheddu A, Pisano L, Carraro M, Azzena U, De Luca L. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Amidation of Benzylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11679-11687. [PMID: 32662268 PMCID: PMC8009506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new photocatalyzed route to amides from alcohols and amines mediated by visible light is presented. The reaction is carried out in ethyl acetate as a solvent. Ethyl acetate can be defined a green and bio-based solvent. The starting materials such as the energy source are easily available, stable, and inexpensive. The reaction has shown to be general and high yielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariella Tilocca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Monticelli S, Bartolotta R, Pace V. Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether: An Elective Ecofriendly Ethereal Solvent in Classical and Modern Organic Chemistry. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:40-70. [PMID: 30246930 PMCID: PMC6391966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Solvents represent one of the major contributions to the environmental impact of fine-chemical synthesis. As a result, the use of environmentally friendly solvents in widely employed reactions is a challenge of vast real interest in contemporary organic chemistry. Within this Review, a great variety of examples showing how cyclopentyl methyl ether has been established as particularly useful for this purpose are reported. Indeed, its low toxicity, high boiling point, low melting point, hydrophobicity, chemical stability towards a wide range of conditions, exceptional stability towards the abstraction of hydrogen atoms, relatively low latent heat of vaporization, and the ease with which it can be recovered and recycled enable its successful employment as a solvent in a wide range of synthetic applications, including organometallic chemistry, catalysis, biphasic reactions, oxidations, and radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Sassarivia Vienna 2, I07100SassariItaly
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Roberta Bartolotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 141090ViennaAustria
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Modugno G, Pisano L, Urtis L. Heterogeneous acidic catalysts for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols in green ethereal solvents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1655-1659. [PMID: 30013691 PMCID: PMC6036977 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of heterogeneous catalysis and green solvents to the set up of widely employed reactions is a challenge in contemporary organic chemistry. We applied such an approach to the synthesis and further conversion of tetrahydropyranyl ethers, an important class of compounds widely employed in multistep syntheses. Several alcohols and phenols were almost quantitatively converted into the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers in cyclopentyl methyl ether or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran employing NH4HSO4 supported on SiO2 as a recyclable acidic catalyst. Easy work up of the reaction mixtures and the versatility of the solvents allowed further conversion of the reaction products under one-pot reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 - Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 - Sassari, Italy
| | - Gloria Modugno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 - Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 - Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Urtis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 - Sassari, Italy
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L. Silica Gel Stabilized Na and Na/K Alloys: Highly Effective, Versatile and Environmentally Friendly Reducing Agents. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
1,2-Diaryl-1,2-disodioethanes are easily prepared, versatile, and stable diorganometals finding application in 1,2-reductive eliminations as well as in the degradation of several persistent organic pollutants as homogeneous synthetic equivalents of a highly reactive form of Na metal. Understanding their reactivity in terms of their different electron-donor power, which is strongly affected by the nature of substituents located either on the aromatic ring(s) or on the carbanionic centers, allowed rationalization of their employment not only as chemoselective single electron transfer reducing reagents, but also as bases in the generation of enediolates of arylacetic acids bearing easily reducible carbon–halogen bonds.
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Pisano L, Degennaro L, Carraro M, Azzena U, Fanelli F, Mastrorilli P, Luisi R. Computational NMR as Useful Tool for Predicting Structure and Stereochemistry of Four-Membered Sulfur Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”; FLAME-Lab - Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory; University of Bari; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Flavio Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”; FLAME-Lab - Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory; University of Bari; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Institution: CNR, Institue of Crystallography IC-CNR; Via Amendola 127/A 70125 Bari Italy
| | | | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”; FLAME-Lab - Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory; University of Bari; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Pisano L, Mocci F, Antonello S, Maran F. Reducing properties of 1,2-dipyridyl-1,2-disodioethanes: chemical validation of theoretical and electrochemical predictions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical calculations and electrochemical analysis were used to set up a relative scale for the reducing strength of the dianions of 1,2-dipyridylethenes, validated by studying their reactivity towards halogenated benzoic and arylacetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - M. Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - L. Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - F. Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Cagliari
- Complesso Universitario
- I – 09042 Monserrato (Ca)
- Italy
| | - S. Antonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - F. Maran
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
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Mamuye AD, Castoldi L, Azzena U, Holzer W, Pace V. Chemoselective efficient synthesis of functionalized β-oxonitriles through cyanomethylation of Weinreb amides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1969-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Homologation of Weinreb amides with cyanomethyllithium: a new route to β-oxonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Damtew Mamuye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
| | - Laura Castoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
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Azzena U, Carraro M, Meloni C, Murgia I, Pisano L, Pittalis M, Luisi R, Musio B, Degennaro L. Regio- and stereochemistry of Na-mediated reductive cleavage of alkyl aryl ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Florian Kondrot
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
| | - Mario Pittalis
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Sassari; via Vienna 2; I-07100-Sassari; Italy
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pisano L, Pittalis M, Mangano G, Petretto G, Pintore G. Active-alkali metal-promoted reductive cleavage of chlorinated phenols. Monatsh Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azzena U, Pisano L, Mocci S. m-Terphenyl Ethers, a New Hydroxy Protecting Group Cleavable under Reductive Single Electron Transfer Reaction Conditions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1259997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dettori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Biagia Musio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Flavio Maran
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Sechi M, Azzena U, Delussu MP, Dallocchio R, Dessì A, Cosseddu A, Pala N, Neamati N. Design and synthesis of bis-amide and hydrazide-containing derivatives of malonic acid as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Molecules 2008; 13:2442-61. [PMID: 18830166 PMCID: PMC6245433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an attractive and validated target for the development of novel therapeutics against AIDS. In the search for new IN inhibitors, we designed and synthesized three series of bis-amide and hydrazide-containing derivatives of malonic acid. We performed a docking study to investigate the potential interactions of the title compounds with essential amino acids on the IN active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: (M. S.); (N. N.); Tel.: +39 079228 753 (M. S.); Tel.: +1 323-442-2341 (N. N.); Fax: +39 079 228 720 (M. S.); Fax: +1 323-442-1390 (N. N.)
| | - Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mail:
| | - Maria Paola Delussu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sassari, 07040 Li Punti, Italy; E-mails: (R. D.); (A. D.)
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Sassari, 07040 Li Punti, Italy; E-mails: (R. D.); (A. D.)
| | - Alessia Cosseddu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; E-mail:
| | - Nicolino Pala
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tossicologico, Università di Sassari, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mails: (M-P. D.); (N. P.)
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC 304, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: (M. S.); (N. N.); Tel.: +39 079228 753 (M. S.); Tel.: +1 323-442-2341 (N. N.); Fax: +39 079 228 720 (M. S.); Fax: +1 323-442-1390 (N. N.)
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Azzena U, Pisano L, Pittalis M. Application of the anionic homologous Fries-rearrangement to the synthesis of 3-alkylbenzofuran-2(3H)-ones. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Mascia I, Pisano L, Pittalis M. Ion pairing effects on the regioselectivity of arylic versus benzylic C–O bond reductive cleavage: synthetic applications. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pisano L, Pittalis M. Microwave‐Assisted Carbamoylation of Amines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701557663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Dettori
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Pittalis
- a Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Sforazzini G, Yus M, Foubelo F. Regioselectivity in arene-catalyzed reductive lithiation of acetals of chlorobenzaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Pireddu R, Pisano L. Reductive lithiation of alkoxy-substituted benzyl methyl ethers and connection with cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azzena U, Vittoria Idini M, Pilo L. Synthesis of Antibiotic Stilbenes by Reductive Metalation of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde Dimethyl Acetal. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120018690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pisano L, Azzena U, Cattari M, Melloni G. Reactivity of Arylic Carbanions Generated by Reductive Cleavage of C-N Bond ofN,N-Dimethylanilines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Azzena U, Dettori G, Idini MV, Pisano L, Sechi G. Practical generation of 3,5-dimethoxybenzyllithium: application to the synthesis of 5-substituted-resorcinols. Appl Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Azzena U, Melloni G, Piroddi AM, Azara E, Contini S, Fenude E. Regioselective reductive electrophilic substitution of derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00037a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Piccolo O, Azzena U, Melloni G, Delogu G, Valoti E. Stereospecific Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds: synthesis of optically active 2- and 3-arylalkanoic esters. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00001a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azzena U, Melloni G, Nigra C. Reductive cleavage of N-substituted 2-aryl-1,3-oxazolidines: generation of .alpha.-amino-substituted carbanions. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00076a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azzena U, Denurra T, Melloni G, Piroddi AM. Regioselective reductive electrophilic substitution of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene and its 5-alkyl-substituted homologs. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00306a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azzena U, Denurra T, Melloni G, Fenude E, Rassu G. Electron-transfer-induced reductive demethoxylation of anisole: evidence for cleavage of a radical anion. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00031a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azzena U, Denurra T, Melloni G, Piroddi AM. Wittig rearrangement of aromatic acetals and ketals induced by reductive electron transfer. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00307a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azzena U, Dessanti F, Melloni G, Pisano L. Electron-transfer-induced reductive dealkoxylation of alkyl aryl ethers. III. Reductive cleavage of methoxy-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines (N,N-dimethylanisidines). ARKIVOC 2002. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0003.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Azzena U, Pilo L. Generation of γ-Oxy-Substituted Benzylithium Derivatives by Reductive Lithiation of 4-Phenyl-1,3-dioxanes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1999. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Azzena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Demartis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Azzena U, Melloni G, Pisano L. Regioselectivity in the reductive cleavage of pyrogallol derivatives: reductive electrophilic substitution of acetals of 2,3-dimethoxyphenol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Azzena U, Melloni G, Fenude E, Finà C, Marchetti M, Sechi B. Reductive Electrophilic Substitution of Diarylmethyl Methyl Ethers: Synthetic Applications. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919408012636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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