1
|
Fulton BB, Hartzell AJ, Dias HVR, Lovely CJ. Room Temperature Diels-Alder Reactions of 4-Vinylimidazoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1902. [PMID: 38675720 PMCID: PMC11053432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the course of studying Diels-Alder reactions of 4-vinylimidazoles with N-phenylmaleimide, it was discovered that they engage in cycloaddition at room temperature to give high yields of the initial cycloadduct as a single stereoisomer. In certain cases, the product precipitated out of the reaction mixture and could be isolated by simple filtration, thereby avoiding issues with aromatization observed during chromatographic purification. Given these results, intramolecular variants using doubly activated dienophiles were also investigated at room temperature. Amides underwent cycloaddition at room temperature in modest yields, but the initial adducts were not isolable with Nimid-benzyl-protected systems. Attempts to extend these results to the corresponding esters and hydroxamate were less successful with these substrates only undergoing cycloaddition at elevated temperatures in lower yields. Density functional theory calculations were performed to evaluate the putative transition states for both the inter- and intramolecular variants to rationalize experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayesha, Ashraf A, Arshad M, Sajid N, Rasool N, Abbas M, Nazeer U, Khalid M, Imran M. Dinuclear Zn-Catalytic System as Brønsted Base and Lewis Acid for Enantioselectivity in Same Chiral Environment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6074-6092. [PMID: 38375498 PMCID: PMC10876046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a crucial element with remarkable significance in organic transformations. The profusion of harmless zinc salts in the Earth's outer layer qualifies zinc as a noteworthy contender for inexpensive and eco-friendly reagents and catalysts. Recently, widely recognized uses of organo-Zn compounds in the field of organic synthesis have undergone extensive expansion toward asymmetric transformations. The ProPhenol ligand, a member of the chiral nitrogenous-crown family, exhibits the spontaneous formation of a dual-metal complex when reacted with alkyl metal (R-M) reagents, e.g., ZnEt2. The afforded Zn complex possesses two active sites, one Lewis acid and the other Brønsted base, thereby facilitating the activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles simultaneously within the same chiral pocket. In this comprehensive analysis, we provide a thorough account of the advancement and synthetic potential of these diverse catalysts in organic synthesis, while emphasizing the reactivity and selectivities, i.e., dr and ee due to the design/structure of the ligands employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Arshad
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Numan Sajid
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahad Abbas
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Chemistry
Department, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulvard, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geng Y, Hua Y, Jia S, Wang M. Direct Asymmetric α‐Selective Mannich Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones with Cyclic α‐Imino Ester: Divergent Synthesis of Cyclocanaline and Tetrahydro Pyridazinone Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:5130-5135. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Huan Geng
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University No. 100, Science Road Zhengzhou City Henan province 450000 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Zhao Hua
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University No. 100, Science Road Zhengzhou City Henan province 450000 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Kun Jia
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University No. 100, Science Road Zhengzhou City Henan province 450000 P. R. China
| | - Min‐Can Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis Zhengzhou University No. 100, Science Road Zhengzhou City Henan province 450000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dramatic influence of ester steric hindrance on the diastereoselectivity of a Michael addition towards the synthesis of the ABC tricycle of hexacyclinic acid. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Numajiri Y, Jiménez-Osés G, Wang B, Houk KN, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of dialkylated N-heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:1082-5. [PMID: 25714704 DOI: 10.1021/ol503425t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-disubstituted N-heterocyclic carbonyl compounds has been accomplished using palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. These catalytic conditions enable access to various heterocycles, such as morpholinone, thiomorpholinone, oxazolidin-4-one, 1,2-oxazepan-3-one, 1,3-oxazinan-4-one, and structurally related lactams, all bearing fully substituted α-positions. Broad functional group tolerance was explored at the α-position in the morpholinone series. We demonstrate the utility of this method by performing various transformations on our useful products to readily access a number of enantioenriched compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramanathan M, Tan CJ, Chang WJ, Tsai HHG, Hou DR. Synthesis of the decalin core of codinaeopsin via an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:3846-54. [PMID: 23649407 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of the decalin core of codinaeopsin (1), a tryptophan-polyketide hybrid natural product with promising antimalarial activity (IC50 4.7 μM, against Plasmodium falciparum), via an intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction. A convergent synthesis was developed to prepare the precursors for the IMDA reaction in 10 steps. The exo cycloadducts were derived from thermal, IMDA reactions of the substrates containing a Weinreb amide or ester conjugated dienophile, and the endo adducts were from Lewis acid promoted reactions of the substrates with a formyl group. Both exo and endo products of the IMDA were exclusively isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. One endo cycloadduct was further confirmed with X-ray crystallography. Theoretical calculations reveal the influence of the substituents of the decalin core on the IMDA process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Egi M, Kawai T, Umemura M, Akai S. Heteropolyacid-Catalyzed Direct Deoxygenation of Propargyl and Allyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7092-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300889p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Egi
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawai
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan
| | - Megumi Umemura
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanaka Suzuki N, Suzuki T, Matsumura T, Hosoya Y, Nakazato T, Nakada M. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-FR182877. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2011. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.69.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2009. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Silva, Jr. LF, Olofsson B. Hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1722-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|