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Shimajiri T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Flexible C−C Bonds: Reversible Expansion, Contraction, Formation, and Scission of Extremely Elongated Single Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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Shimajiri T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Flexible C-C Bonds: Reversible Expansion, Contraction, Formation, and Scission of Extremely Elongated Single Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22252-22257. [PMID: 32830906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since carbon-carbon (C-C) covalent bonds are rigid and robust, the bond length is, in general, nearly constant and depends only on the bond order and hybrid orbitals. We report herein direct visualization of the reversible expansion and contraction of a C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) single bond by light and heat. This flexibility of a C-C bond was demonstrated by X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy of hexaphenylethane (HPE)-type hydrocarbons with two spiro-dibenzocycloheptatriene units, the intramolecular [2+2] photocyclization of which and thermal cleavage of the resulting cyclobutane ring both occur in a single-crystalline phase. The force constant of the contracted C-C bond is 1.6 times greater than that of the expanded bond. Since formation of the cyclobutane ring and contraction of the C-C bond lower the HOMO level by approximately 1 eV, the oxidative properties of these HPEs with a flexible C-C bond can be deactivated/activated by light/heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Abstract
A new kind of sp2 carbon nano-rings containing a heptagon and an octagon was synthesized by taking advantage of the “C” shape of syn-tetrabenzoheptafulvalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yin Cheung
- Department of Chemistry
- the Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- China
| | - Shuaijun Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- the Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry
- the Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- China
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4
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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5
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Lichtenberg C, Bloch J, Gianetti TL, Büttner T, Geier J, Grützmacher H. Diolefins with an ether/thioether functionality as ligands in the coordination sphere of Ni and Rh. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20056-66. [PMID: 26525295 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A diolefin ether, trop2O (2), and a diolefin thioether, trop2S (3), have been investigated as ligand analogues of the well-established diolefin amine, trop2NH (1). Compounds 2 and 3 form different conformers in solution and in the solid state. Whereas 2 could be coordinated to Ni(0), 3 was found to be more suited for coordination to Rh(I). The coordination chemistry, electrochemical properties, and ligand exchange phenomena of the resulting complexes, [Ni(trop2O)(PPh3)] (5) and [Rh(trop2S)(L)n][OTf] (6: L = NCMe, n = 2; 7: L = 2,2'-bipy, n = 1) were investigated by analytical techniques including NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The results were compared with those obtained for the amine analogues of 5, 6, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas L Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Torsten Büttner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Geier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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6
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Camps P, Gómez T, Otermin A, Font-Bardia M, Estarellas C, Luque FJ. Short Access to Belt Compounds with Spatially Close C=C Bonds and Their Transannular Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:14036-46. [PMID: 26376331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two domino Diels-Alder adducts were obtained from 3,7-bis(cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)-cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or N-methylmaleimide under microwave irradiation. From the first adduct, a C20H24 diene with C2v symmetry was obtained by Zn/AcOH reduction, hydrolysis, oxidative decarboxylation, and selective hydrogenation. Photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of this diene gave a thermally unstable cyclobutane derivative, which reverts to the diene. However, both the diene and the cyclobutane derivatives could be identified by X-ray diffraction analysis upon irradiation of the diene crystal. New six-membered rings are formed upon the transannular addition of bromine or iodine to the diene. The N-type selectivity of the addition was examined by theoretical calculations, which revealed the distinct susceptibility of the doubly bonded carbon atoms to the bromine attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona (Spain).
| | - Tània Gómez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Ane Otermin
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Departament de Cristallografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n. 08028 Barcelona (Spain) and Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Carolina Estarellas
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Spain)
| | - Francisco Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Spain)
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Lichtenberg C, Prokopchuk DE, Adelhardt M, Viciu L, Meyer K, Grützmacher H. Reactivity of an All-Ferrous Iron-Nitrogen Heterocubane under Reductive and Oxidative Conditions. Chemistry 2015; 21:15797-805. [PMID: 26374167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the all-ferrous FeN heterocubane [Fe4 (Ntrop)4 ] (1) with i) Brønsted acids, ii) σ-donors, iii) σ-donors/π-acceptors, and iv) one-electron oxidants has been investigated (trop = 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5-yl). 1 showed self-re-assembling after reactions with i) and proved surprisingly inert in reactions with ii) and iii), with the exception of CO. Reductive and oxidative cluster degradation was observed in reactions with CO and TEMPO, respectively. These reactions yielded new cluster compounds, namely a trinuclear bis(μ3 -imido) 48 electron complex in the former case and a tetranuclear all ferric μ-oxo-μ-imido species in the latter case. Characterization techniques include NMR and in situ IR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
| | - Demyan E Prokopchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).,Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Mario Adelhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
| | - Liliana Viciu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
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Masusai C, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C, Tuchinda P, Pakawatchai C, Saithong S, Reutrakul V, Pohmakotr M. Synthesis of gem-Difluoromethylenated Polycyclic Cage Compounds. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1577-92. [PMID: 25584632 DOI: 10.1021/jo502501v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonticha Masusai
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patoomratana Tuchinda
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chaveng Pakawatchai
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Saowanit Saithong
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Manat Pohmakotr
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Rey-Carrizo M, Barniol-Xicota M, Font-Bardia M, Vázquez S. Dimerization of Pyramidalized 3,4,8,9-Tetramethyltetracyclo [4.4.0.03,9.04,8]dec-1(6)-ene to a Hydrocarbon Featuring Four Cyclohexane Rings in Boat Conformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Rey-Carrizo M, Barniol-Xicota M, Font-Bardia M, Vázquez S. Dimerization of Pyramidalized 3,4,8,9-Tetramethyltetracyclo [4.4.0.03,9.04,8]dec-1(6)-ene to a Hydrocarbon Featuring Four Cyclohexane Rings in Boat Conformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8195-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kobayashi K, Akita M, Mohri SY, Takahashi M. Intramolecular [2π+2π]-Photocyclization and Conformational Preference of 5-(2-Benzo[b]thienyl)-5-ethoxy-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Luo J, Song K, Gu FL, Miao Q. Switching of non-helical overcrowded tetrabenzoheptafulvalene derivatives. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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