1
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Iwasaki H, Ikemoto M, Shibata H, Shima Y, Himeno E, Kojima N, Yamashita M, Nambu H. Regioselective SmI 2-Mediated Radical ipso-Substitution Cyclization for the Construction of Pyrrolophenanthridinone Skeletons: The Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:515-519. [PMID: 37394600 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a regioselective, samarium(II) diiodide mediated intramolecular radical ipso-substitution cyclization. Through the use of a methoxy group as a leaving group, it was possible to regulate the regioselectivity of the reaction by changing the temperature and additives. We applied the developed reaction to the synthesis of four Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and have shown that the present reaction successfully overcomes regioselectivity issues encountered with other cyclization methods.
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2
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Ding SL, Ji Y, Su Y, Li R, Gu P. Schmidt Reaction of ω-Azido Valeryl Chlorides Followed by Intermolecular Trapping of the Rearrangement Ions: Synthesis of Assoanine and Related Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2012-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiming Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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3
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Zhou T, Wang Y, Li B, Wang B. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of 3-(Indolin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with Alkynes and Alkenes through C–H Activation. Org Lett 2016; 18:5066-5069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baiquan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Giardinetti M, Moreau X, Coeffard V, Greck C. Aminocatalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,7-Annulated Indoles from Indole-7-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Suzuki K, Iwasaki H, Domasu R, Hitotsuyanagi N, Wakizaka Y, Tominaga M, Kojima N, Ozeki M, Yamashita M. Construction of pyrrolophenanthridinone scaffolds mediated by samarium(II) diiodide and access to natural product synthesis. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Wang X, Tang H, Feng H, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhou B. Access to Six- and Seven-Membered 1,7-Fused Indolines via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C7-Selective C–H Functionalization of Indolines with Alkynes and Alkenes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6238-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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7
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Valiulin RA, Mamidyala S, Finn MG. Taming Chlorine Azide: Access to 1,2-Azidochlorides from Alkenes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2740-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Valiulin
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sreeman Mamidyala
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Tsukano C, Muto N, Enkhtaivan I, Takemoto Y. Synthesis of Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids Based on C(sp3)H and C(sp2)H Functionalization Reactions. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2628-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Facile construction of pyrrolophenanthridone skeleton via a one-pot intramolecular Heck reaction and oxidation. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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De S, Mishra S, Kakde BN, Dey D, Bisai A. Expeditious Approach to Pyrrolophenanthridones, Phenanthridines, and Benzo[c]phenanthridines via Organocatalytic Direct Biaryl-Coupling Promoted by Potassium tert-Butoxide. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7823-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Sourabh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Badrinath N. Kakde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
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11
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Kim HS, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Convergent Total Syntheses of the Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Lycoranine A, Lycoranine B, and 2-Methoxypratosine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5103-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4006987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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12
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Synthesis and anti-leukaemic activity of pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indole-1,2-diones, pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones and other polycyclic isatin derivatives. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Miki Y, Umemoto H, Dohshita M, Hamamoto H. Synthesis of pyrrolophenanthridone alkaloid kalbretorine from indolecarboxylic acids via hypervalent iodine(III) mediated halodecarboxylation and reduction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Miki Y, Umemoto H, Dohshita M, Hamamoto H. Simple Synthesis of Pratosine and Hippadine by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization and Decarboxylation. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Kalita D, Baruah JB. Rearrangement of 2-bromo- N-quinoline-8-yl-acetamide leading to new heterocycle. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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17
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Padwa A. A Chemistry Cascade: From Physical Organic Studies of Alkoxy Radicals to Alkaloid Synthesis. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6421-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901300x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia 30322
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18
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Biechy A, Hachisu S, Quiclet-Sire B, Ricard L, Zard SZ. Application of an amidyl radical cascade to the total synthesis of (±)-fortucine leading to the structural revision of kirkine. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Appukkuttan P, Van der Eycken E. An Overview of Syntheses of Apogalanthamine Analogues and 7‐Aza Derivatives of Steganacin and Steganone. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Appukkuttan
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Erik Van der Eycken
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic and Microwave‐Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), University of Leuven (K. U. Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium, Fax: +32‐16‐327990
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20
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Bonneau AL, Robert N, Hoarau C, Baudoin O, Marsais F. A new synthetic approach to biaryls of the rhazinilam type. Application to synthesis of three novel phenylpyridine-carbamate analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:175-83. [PMID: 17164923 DOI: 10.1039/b613173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three novel racemic phenylpyridine-carbamate analogues of rhazinilam and their biological evaluation as inhibitors of microtubule assembly and disassembly by interaction with tubulin are described. The sterically hindered ortho-disubstituted biaryl unit as the challenging key structural element is first obtained by a sequential regiocontrolled nucleophilic addition of a lithium ortho-lithiohomobenzylic alkoxide species to 3-bromo-5-oxazolyl pyridine as the electrophile and a subsequent oxidation step. The incorporation of the amino group by replacement of the bromide has been achieved using a Buchwald-Hartwig amination coupling. Ultimate deprotection steps furnished free-amino and free-hydroxyl appendages which were connected by phosgenation to furnish the nine-membered median carbamate ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bonneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Fine et Hétérocyclique UMR 6014, Université et INSA de Rouen, Place E. Blondel, 76131, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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21
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Mentzel UV, Tanner D, Tønder JE. Comparative Study of the Kumada, Negishi, Stille, and Suzuki−Miyaura Reactions in the Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloids Hippadine and Pratosine. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5807-10. [PMID: 16839172 DOI: 10.1021/jo060729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of hippadine by a tandem metalation/cross-coupling/lactamization strategy was investigated starting from either 7-bromoindole or a 6-halogenated methyl piperonate. The Kumada and Negishi cross-coupling reactions failed to provide any of the desired product. However, the Stille and Suzuki reactions furnished hippadine in low yields starting from the electron-deficient methyl 6-iodo- and 6-bromopiperonate, respectively. Starting from the metalated indole, only the Suzuki reaction occurred, affording hippadine in 67-74% and pratosine in 62% isolated yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe V Mentzel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 201, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Meyers AI. Chiral oxazolines and their legacy in asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6137-51. [PMID: 16050670 DOI: 10.1021/jo050470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The studies performed with chiral oxazolines as vehicles for a number of C-C bond-forming reactions are traced back to the early 1970s. The main source of chirality in these studies was derived from chiral, nonracemic amino alcohols which, themselves, were prepared from amino acids. The formation of chiral oxazolines from these materials provided interesting and useful starting materials for these studies. The factors responsible for high optical yields during that era were attributed to rigidity or precomplexation of the reactants, thus providing a more well-defined topography during the reaction course. A number of C-C bond reaction types are described including alkylations, additions, and organometallic reactions. The ee's of many of the products arrived at are well above 90%. This level of ee was virtually unprecedented in the early to mid 1970s. In addition to the synthetic emphasis, several mechanistic questions, arising in other areas, were also undertaken due to the accessibility of the appropriate requisite chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert I Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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23
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Anquetin G, Greiner J, Vierling P. Synthesis of mono- and di-substituted 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid synthons, key precursors for biologically active 6-fluoroquinolones. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Application of a catalytic palladium biaryl synthesis reaction, via C–H functionalization, to the total synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Hiroya K, Itoh S, Sakamoto T. Development of an Efficient Procedure for Indole Ring Synthesis from 2-Ethynylaniline Derivatives Catalyzed by Cu(II) Salts and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis. J Org Chem 2004; 69:1126-36. [PMID: 14961661 DOI: 10.1021/jo035528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the indole synthesis catalyzed by Cu(II) salts and its applications were investigated. Cu(OAc)(2) has been proved to be the best catalyst for the synthesis of various 1-p-tolylsulfonyl or 1-methylsulfonylindoles, which have both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups on the aromatic ring and C2 position of indoles. For the primary aniline derivatives, Cu(OCOCF(3))(2) showed good activities, while Cu(OAc)(2) was a good catalyst for the cyclization of secondary anilines. This methodology could be applied to the sequential cyclization reaction for the compounds which have the electrophilic part in the same molecule. By prior treatment with KH, the sequential cyclization was realized to provide the tricyclic ring systems, but it was limited to five- and six-membered rings for the second cyclization. Finally, formal and total synthesis of hippadine with the Cu(II)-promoted indole synthesis as the key step was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Hiroya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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26
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Metalation in hydrocarbon solvents: the mechanistic aspects of substrate-promoted ortho-metalations. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Zhang W, Pugh G. Free radical reactions for heterocycle synthesis. Part 6: 2-Bromobenzoic acids as building blocks in the construction of nitrogen heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Harayama T, Toko H, Hori A, Miyagoe T, Sato T, Nishioka H, Abe H, Takeuchi Y. Synthetic Studies on Pyrrolophenanthridone Skeleton from 1-Benzoyl-7-iododihydroindole Derivatives Using Palladium-assisted Biaryl Coupling Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Hoarau C, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. Total Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Buflavine. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5846-9. [PMID: 12153291 DOI: 10.1021/jo0202379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid buflavine (1) and its regioisomer (2) involving sequential Meyers' biaryl coupling, enecarbamate formation, and hydrogenation followed by ultimate intramolecular reductive amination is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hoarau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, UPRESA 8009, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C3, DUSVA, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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30
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Couture A, Grandclaudon P, Hoarau C, Cornet J, Hénichart JP, Houssin R. Metalation of 4-oxazolinyloxazole derivatives. A convenient route to 2,4-bifunctionalized oxazoles. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3601-6. [PMID: 12027670 DOI: 10.1021/jo010762s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an array of 5-phenyloxazole derivatives bearing a variety of hydroxyalkyl groups at the C-2 position of the heterocyclic nucleus and possessing a formyl or a carboxyl function at C-4 is reported. These bifunctionalized compounds have been efficiently prepared by addition of carbonylated electrophiles to the 2-lithio derivative of 5-phenyloxazole preliminarily equipped with an oxazoline unit at the 4-position of the oxazole nucleus. It is demonstrated that this protocol offers a double advantage since it suppresses the troublesome electrocyclic ring-opening reaction and allows access to the target compounds by simple chemical transformation of the oxazoline ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Couture
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, UPRES A-CNRS 8009, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Hoarau C, Couture A, Cornet H, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. A concise total synthesis of the azaphenanthrene alkaloid eupolauramine. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8064-9. [PMID: 11722206 DOI: 10.1021/jo0105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A six-step total synthesis of the azaphenanthrene alkaloid eupolauramine 1 has been achieved using combinational metalation-cyclization tactics. The synthetic route involved first the construction of the azaisoindolinone 9 by aryne-mediated cyclization of he phosphorylated pyridocarboxamide 7 and subsequent dephosphorylation. Metalation of 9 followed by connection of the hydroxybenzyl appendage and E(1)CB anti-elimination allowed the formation of the halogenoarylmethylene azaisoindolinone 4 in the exclusive E-form. Oxidative radical cyclization gave rise to the azaphenanthrene skeleton and regioselective bromination of 3 induced the incorporation of the bromine atom at the 6-position of the azaphenanthrene lactam. Ultimate replacement of the bromine atom of 2 by the methoxy functionality by sequential transmetalation, in situ oxidation, and O-methylation of the phenolic derivative 14 completed the synthesis of the target natural product eupolauramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hoarau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique, UPRES A-CNRS 8009, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Spetzler JC, Hoeg-Jensen T. A new amino acid derivative with a masked side-chain aldehyde and its use in peptide synthesis and chemoselective ligation. J Pept Sci 2001; 7:537-51. [PMID: 11695649 DOI: 10.1002/psc.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new amino acid derivative with a diol side-chain, L-2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-pentanoic acid (Adi), has been prepared from L-allylglycine by suitable protection, for use in peptide synthesis, as Fmoc-L-Adi(Trt)2. This building block enables the introduction of a side-chain aldehyde at any position in a given peptide sequence without use of specialized side-chain protection schemes. The aldehyde is revealed by mild oxidation with sodium periodate, circumventing the problematic release of reactive peptidic aldehydes in TFA solution. Peptides with aldehyde side-chains are useful for chemo-selective ligation, reacting selectively with oxyamines to yield oxime links, while all other peptide functions can be left unprotected. The utility of the new building block has been demonstrated by the synthesis of peptide dimers and a cyclo-peptide.
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34
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Miki Y, Shirokoshi H, Matsushita KI. Intramolecular palladium-catalyzed cyclization of methyl 1-(2-bromobenzyl)indole-2-carboxylates: Synthesis of pratosine and hippadine. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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A new and convenient synthesis of 2-amidofurans using the Jacobi bis-heteroannulation method. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A significantly improved condition for cyclization of phenethylcarbamates to N-alkylated 3,4-dihydroisoquinolones. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Padwa A, Dimitroff M, Waterson AG, Wu T. IMDAF Cycloaddition as a Method for the Preparation of Pyrrolophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo980008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Martin Dimitroff
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tianhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Tsuge O, Hatta T, Tsuchiyama H. A New Approach to Pyrrolophenanthridone Alkaloids via Intramolecular Radical Cyclization. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Bunnell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurobiology Unit, Roche Bioscience, 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1397
| | - Lee A. Flippin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurobiology Unit, Roche Bioscience, 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1397
| | - Yanzhou Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurobiology Unit, Roche Bioscience, 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1397
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