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Mirza AZ. Advancement in the development of heterocyclic nucleosides for the treatment of cancer - A review. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:836-857. [PMID: 31135268 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1615623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diseases are widely recognised as an important medical problem and killing millions of people in a year. Chemotherapeutic drugs are successful against cancer in many cases and different compounds, including the analogues of natural substances, may be used for anticancer agents. Nucleoside analogues also have become a necessity for the treatment of cancer diseases. Nucleoside, nucleotide and base analogues have been utilised for decades for the treatment of viral pathogens, neoplasms and in anticancer chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different types of nucleosides and their potential role as anticancer agents. It also discusses the nucleoside analogues approved by FDA and in process of approval. The effect of the substitution on the nucleoside analogues and their pharmacological role is also discussed in the review. Owing to the advances in computational chemistry, it concludes with the future advancement and possible outcome of the nucleoside analogues. Also, it depicts the development of heterocyclic nucleoside analogues, explores the QSAR of the synthesised compounds and discusses the 3 D QSAR pharmacophore modelling in order to examine their potential anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
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2
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UCHIMURA M, OKAZAKI K, YAMAZAKI S, KIMURA K. Crystallization of Polyethylene and Polydioxanone with Multiple Hydrogen Bonds Between Their Terminal Groups. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2014. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.71.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Romeo G, Chiacchio U, Corsaro A, Merino P. Chemical Synthesis of Heterocyclic−Sugar Nucleoside Analogues. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3337-70. [PMID: 20232792 DOI: 10.1021/cr800464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romeo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Antonino Corsaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
| | - Pedro Merino
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy, and Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain, Pedro Merino:
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Soltani Rad MN, Khalafi-Nezhad A, Behrouz S, Faghihi M, Zare A, Parhami A. One-pot synthesis of N-alkyl purine and pyrimidine derivatives from alcohols using TsIm: a rapid entry into carboacyclic nucleoside synthesis. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choo H, Chen X, Yadav V, Wang J, Schinazi RF, Chu CK. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of D- and L-thietanose nucleosides. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1635-47. [PMID: 16509580 PMCID: PMC2533431 DOI: 10.1021/jm050912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various D- and L-thietanose nucleosides were synthesized from D- and L-xylose. The four-membered thietane ring was efficiently synthesized by the cyclization of 1-thioacetyl-3-mesylate (4/38) under basic conditions. Condensation with various heterocyclic bases was conducted via Pummerer-type rearrangement to afford various nucleoside derivatives. Among the synthesized nucleosides, D-uridine (23), D-cytidine (24), D-5-fluorocytidine (25), and L-cytidine (52) analogues showed moderate anti-HIV activity, with EC50 = 6.9, 1.3, 5.8, and 14.1 microM, respectively. However, these four nucleoside analogues are cytotoxic in peripheral blood mononuclear and CEM cells. The other nucleosides are neither active nor cytotoxic. Interestingly, the oxetanocin A analogue 33 was not active. Comparison of the minimized reverse transcriptases (RTs) complexed with the corresponding triphosphates of the cytidine analogue 24 and the adenosine analogue 33 by molecular modeling studies showed that there is no difference in the binding mode of the triphosphate of the cytidine analogue 24 to the active site of HIV-1 RT from that of the triphosphate of the adenosine analogue 33. Modeling studies on the initial monophosphorylation step by deoxycytidine kinase showed that the catalytic efficiency of phosphorylation through a nucleophilic attack of the 4'-hydroxyl group of thietanose on the gamma-phosphate of ATP is diminished in the case of L-cytidine analogue (52) due to the increased distance between the 4'-hydroxyl group and the gamma-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Choo
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Xin Chen
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Vikas Yadav
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Jianing Wang
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Emory University School of Medicine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033
| | - Chung K. Chu
- The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602
- Corresponding Author : Dr. C. K. Chu, Distinguished Research Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, Tel : (706)-542-5379, Fax : (706)-542-5381, E-Mail :
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Karwowski B, Seio K, Sekine M. 4,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl as a new orthoester-type protecting group for the 2'-hydroxyl function in the chemical synthesis of RNA. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2005; 24:1111-4. [PMID: 16248102 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-200061895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We wish to report 4,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl as a new protecting for the 2'-hydroxyl function. Our cyclic orthoester-type group is compatible with the DMTr strategy for oligonucleotide synthesis. This group was introduced to the 2'-hydroxyl group of appropriately protected nucleoside derivatives in good yields under mild acidic conditions. Post-synthetic conversion of the moiety of this protecting group with an amine resulted in formation of a new amide moiety that is more stable to acid deprotection in aqueous solution, but it can still be easily removed by treatment with acids in organic solvents. In this article, we also describe the stability of not only the original and modified protecting groups but also internucleotidic phosphate linkages of protected RNA intermediates under deprotection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boleslaw Karwowski
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan and JST (Japan Science and Technology Corporation), Japan.
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Bera S, Malik L, Bhat B, Carroll SS, Hrin R, MacCoss M, McMasters DR, Miller MD, Moyer G, Olsen DB, Schleif WA, Tomassini JE, Eldrup AB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5R- and 5S-methyl substituted d- and l-configuration 1,3-dioxolane nucleoside analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:6237-47. [PMID: 15519166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dioxolane and 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogs play an important role in anti-viral and anti-neoplastic chemotherapy. We report here the synthesis of 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides from 4-acetoxy-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-5-methyldioxolane. Dioxolanes of alpha-D-, beta-D-, alpha-L-, and beta-L-configuration were prepared, that included 5-methyl derivatives of both 5R and 5S configuration. Molecular mechanics calculations indicate that the 5S and 5R diastereoisomeric 1,3-dioxolanes possess distinct conformational bias, suggesting that methyl substitution may alter the conformational preference of 1,3-dioxolanes. The ability of the 1,3-dioxolanes to inhibit HCV RNA replication was evaluated in a cell-based, subgenomic replicon assay. In addition, activity against vaccinia and HIV was evaluated in cell-based assays. The 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolanes were found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Bera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Michalik D, Feist H, Peseke K. Synthesis of derivatives of C-nucleoside analogues using 'push-pull' functionalized monosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2001; 333:197-201. [PMID: 11448683 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
7-Deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galacto-heptopyranos-6-ulose (1) reacted with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide in the presence of a base to furnish 7,8-dideoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-8,8-[bis(methylthio)]-alpha-D-galacto-oct-7-enopyranos-6-ulose (2). This 'push-pull' activated unsaturated monosaccharide underwent a ring closure reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give the 'inversed' C-nucleoside analogue 3. Compound 1 and malononitrile yielded the 7-cyano-6,7-dideoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-6-methyl-alpha-D-galacto-oct-6-enopyranurononitrile (4). Treatment of 4 with carbon disulphide and methyl iodide in the presence of a base afforded the sugar 'push-pull' butadiene 5 which was transformed into the pyridine nucleoside analogue 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michalik
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Bozell JJ, Miller D, Hames BR, Loveless C. Stereoselective and regioselective reaction of cyclic ortho esters with phenols. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3084-9. [PMID: 11325273 DOI: 10.1021/jo005736t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ortho esters undergo stereoselective and regioselective reaction with phenols when treated with BF(3) x OEt(2) at low temperatures. Attack of the phenol on the ortho ester occurs at an open carbon para to electron-donating groups on the phenol ("C-addition") or at the phenolic hydroxyl group ("O-addition") depending on the nature of the cation formed from reaction of the ortho ester and BF(3) x OEt(2). Products resulting from O-addition undergo reversion to a mixture of starting phenol, C-addition product, and O-addition product if treated with BF(3) x OEt(2) at room temperature, but C-addition products are stable under the same conditions. X-ray structural analysis of the C-addition compound indicates that its stereochemistry is opposite to that observed in reaction of similar ortho esters with chloride from TMSCl. However, the stereochemistry of the reaction can be rationalized by the ability of the ortho ester to isomerize via an intermediate benzylic cation and examination of the preferred trajectory of attack of the nucleophile on the intermediate oxonium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bozell
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Synthesis of 3-deoxy-3-nucleobase-2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol: a novel class of hydroxymethyl-branched isonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 9[(1′R,2′R,3′S)-bis(hydroxymethyl)thietan-1′-yl]adenine, 3′-thio analog of oxetanocin A. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Merino P, Franco S, Merchan FL, Tejero T. Asymmetric synthesis of an isoxazolidine nucleoside analog of thymine polyoxin C. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mellor BJ, Murray PE, Thomas EJ. Aspects of the chemistry of dioxolanes: Synthesis of -nucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Prévost N, Rouessac F. Isonucleosides by Michael addition of pyrimidine bases on 2,6-disubstituted 2H-pyran-3(6H)-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kassou M, Castillón S. Stereoselective Synthesis of Branched and Bicyclo 2‘,3‘-Dideoxy-threo-furanosyl Nucleosides from Pyranoses Using a Ring Contraction Reaction as the Key Step. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo961806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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