1
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Panday SK. Pyroglutamic Acid and its Derivatives: The Privileged Precursors for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190917142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyroglutamic acid is one of the privileged asymmetric precursors for the synthesis of a variety
of molecules such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor
subtypes (AT-1 receptor antagonists), as well as bioactive natural products. Starting with primary reports
in 1980’s, last almost four decades has witnessed a rapid overgrowth of publications using pyroglutamic
acid as a preferred asymmetric precursor and these have been well documented. Pyroglutamic
acid has two differential carbonyl groups a lactam carbonyl and a carboxylic functionality
along with an NH group, and all of these functionalities can be further derivatized/ transformed and
in turn opened avenues for the synthesis of variety of molecules. Derived easily from glutamic acid
by internal cyclization, pyroglutamic acid offers a cheap and very good source of chirality and has
provided an important tool for the synthesis of natural products/intermediates to natural products.
Herein, we wish to describe the exploitation of the chemistry of pyroglutamic acid and its derivatives
in the asymmetric synthesis of natural products establishing its versatility as a privileged asymmetric
precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Panday
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P., India
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2
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Gupta S, Bera S, Mondal D. Nascent-HBr-Catalyzed Removal of Orthogonal Protecting Groups in Aqueous Surfactants. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2635-2645. [PMID: 31875403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic reactions in the aqueous environment have recently emerged as a promising research area. The generation of nascent-HBr from the slow hydrolysis of the dispersed catalyst, benzyl bromide, with the interior water present in the hydrophobic core of the confined micellar medium in aqueous surfactant is described for the first time. The sustained-release nascent-HBr enabled the chemoselective cleavages of acid-sensitive orthogonal functionalities present in carbohydrates, amino alcohols, and hydroxylated acyclic compounds in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences , Central University of Gujarat , Gandhinagar - 382030 , India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences , Central University of Gujarat , Gandhinagar - 382030 , India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences , Central University of Gujarat , Gandhinagar - 382030 , India
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3
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Kaur N, Bhardwaj P, Devi M, Verma Y, Grewal P. Synthesis of five-membered O, N-heterocycles using metal and nonmetal. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1594308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pranshu Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Meenu Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Pooja Grewal
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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4
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Takamura H, Tanaka M, Ando J, Tazawa A, Ishizawa K. Stereodivergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of cis- and trans-4-Substituted Prolinols. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Takamura H, Tanaka M, Ando J, Tazawa A, Ishizawa K. Concise Synthesis of Anticancer Active trans-4-(4-Octylphenyl)prolinol. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Utilization of hexabromoacetone for protection of alcohols and aldehydes and deprotection of acetals, ketals, and oximes under UV irradiation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Suzuki J, Miyano N, Yashiro S, Umezawa T, Matsuda F. Total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid and (+)-allo-kainic acid through SmI 2-mediated intramolecular coupling between allyl chloride and an α,β-unsaturated ester. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6557-6566. [PMID: 28748237 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine ring was effectively cyclized through SmI2-mediated reductive coupling between allyl chloride and an α,β-unsaturated ester, although little has been reported about SmI2-promoted C-C bond formation of an allyl chloride with an α,β-unsaturated ester. Selection of either the 3,4-cis- or 3,4-trans-selective cyclization can be accomplished simply by changing the additives from NiI2 to HMPA during reductive cyclization conducted in H2O-THF. Total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid and (+)-allo-kainic acid, which are pyrrolidine alkaloids used in neuroscience and neuropharmacology as useful molecular probes, was successfully achieved by using the stereo-complementary ring closure reactions promoted by SmI2 for the construction of the 2,3,4-trisubsituted pyrrolidine scaffold of kainoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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8
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Zhang M, Watanabe K, Tsukamoto M, Shibuya R, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. A Short Scalable Route to (−)-α-Kainic Acid Using Pt-Catalyzed Direct Allylic Amination. Chemistry 2015; 21:3937-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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10
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Abstract
A short total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid has been developed involving a novel diastereofacial differentiating Cu-catalyzed Michael addition-cyclization reaction, which provided access to a chiral pyrroline in a highly stereoselective manner. The chiral pyrroline was converted to (-)-kainic acid via the stereoselective 1,4-reduction of the pyrroline double bond in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Oe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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11
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Ye LW, Shu C, Gagosz F. Recent progress towards transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of γ-lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1833-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The scope of transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized γ-lactams has broadened tremendously in the last decade (see the picture). These metal-catalyzed processes are reviewed by highlighting their specificity and applicability, and the mechanistic rationale is presented where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wu Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chao Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (DCSO)
- UMR 7652 CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique
- Ecole Polytechnique
- 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
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12
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Vulovic B, Gruden-Pavlovic M, Matovic R, Saicic RN. Substrate Stereocontrol in the Intramolecular Organocatalyzed Tsuji–Trost Reaction: Enantioselective Synthesis of Allokainates. Org Lett 2013; 16:34-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4028557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Vulovic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia
| | - Maja Gruden-Pavlovic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia
| | | | - Radomir N. Saicic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia
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13
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Bhat C, Tilve SG. Tandem approaches for the synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidones: efficient routes toward allokainic acid and kainic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale
Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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15
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Orellana A, Pandey SK, Carret S, Greene AE, Poisson JF. A Diels–Alder-Based Total Synthesis of (−)-Kainic Acid. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5286-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Orellana
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO)
CNRS, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sushil K. Pandey
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO)
CNRS, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Carret
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO)
CNRS, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrew E. Greene
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO)
CNRS, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Poisson
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO)
CNRS, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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16
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17
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Parsons PJ, Rushton SP, Panta RR, Murray AJ, Coles MP, Lai J. New synthetic routes to the kainoids: a synthesis of kainic acid and its analogues. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Wei G, Chalker JM, Cohen T. Synthesis of (−)-α-Kainic Acid via TMSCl-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Zinc-ene Cyclization of an Allyl Acetate. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7912-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201341q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Theodore Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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19
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Kamon T, Irifune Y, Tanaka T, Yoshimitsu T. Total Synthesis of (±)-Kainic Acid: A Photochemical C–H Carbamoylation Approach. Org Lett 2011; 13:2674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kamon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yayoi Irifune
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Lemière G, Sedehizadeh S, Toueg J, Fleary-Roberts N, Clayden J. A general synthetic approach to the amnesic shellfish toxins: total synthesis of (−)-isodomoic acid B, (−)-isodomoic acid E and (−)-isodomoic acid F. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3745-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Zhang B, Wee AGH. Di- and Trisubstituted γ-Lactams via Rh(II)-carbenoid Reaction of N-Cα-Branched, N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl α-Diazoamides. Synthesis of (±)-α-Allokainic Acid. Org Lett 2010; 12:5386-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1021564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
| | - Andrew G. H. Wee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2
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23
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Ni Y, Kassab RM, Chevliakov MV, Montgomery J. Total syntheses of isodomoic acids G and H: an exercise in tetrasubstituted alkene synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:17714-8. [PMID: 19899794 DOI: 10.1021/ja907931u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A unified approach to the pyrrolidine triacid natural products isodomoic acids G and H has been developed. Total syntheses of both natural products were completed, and determination of the correct stereostructure of isodomoic acid G was established by comparing 5'-(R) and 5'-(S) isomers to a sample of authentic material. A nickel-catalyzed cyclization constructs the pyrrolidine ring while simultaneously establishing either the E or Z stereochemistry of an exocyclic tetrasubstituted alkene. Stereoselective assembly of both the E- and Z-alkenes of the natural products is made possible by a predictable strategy that alters the timing of substituent introduction to control alkene stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Ni
- Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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24
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Farwick A, Helmchen G. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-α-Kainic Acid. Org Lett 2010; 12:1108-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Farwick
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Helmchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Daniels RN, Melancon BJ, Wang EA, Crews BC, Marnett LJ, Sulikowski GA, Lindsley CW. Progress toward the Total Synthesis of Lucentamycin A: Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8-epi-Lucentamycin A. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8852-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902115s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nathan Daniels
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Emily A. Wang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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26
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Hanessian S, Auzzas L. The practice of ring constraint in peptidomimetics using bicyclic and polycyclic amino acids. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1241-51. [PMID: 18646869 DOI: 10.1021/ar8000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry has witnessed major advances with the discovery of small synthetic molecules that mimic natural peptidic substrates. These small synthetic mimics do not undergo proteolytic degradation, an advantage they hold over their natural counterparts. Small synthetic molecules make up a number of life-saving marketed drugs that inhibit certain physiologically relevant proteases. The advent of sophisticated instrumental methods, such as X-ray crystallography and high-field NMR, has played a pivotal role in the design of structure-based enzyme inhibitors. Highly stereocontrolled methods of synthesis have led to a variety of functionally diverse molecules that function as peptidomimetics because they have isosteric subunits not affected by proteolytic enzymes. Further studies to optimize biological activity and achieve desirable pharmacokinetic profiles can eventually lead to drug substances. The practice of constraining natural amino acids like their conformationally rigid counterparts has been highly successful in the design and synthesis of peptidomimetic molecules. With some notable exceptions, structural information gathered from protein X-ray crystallography of therapeutically relevant target enzymes, alone or in complex forms with inhibitor molecules, has been instrumental in the design of peptidomimetics. For example, a significant number have become marketed drugs as antihypertensives and antivirals. Natural products have also been a source of inspiration for the design and synthesis of truncated analogues with the intention of maintaining, or even improving, their biological activities. However, lower molecular weight peptides are not suitable as therapeutic agents because they are subject to rapid amide proteolysis. They are poorly transported to the brain and rapidly excreted through the liver and kidney. Thus, lower molecular weight peptides are eliminated as potential drug substances in clinical practice. A synthetic peptidomimetic is needed that is resistant to cleavage but maintains its biological activity. Conformationally constrained monocyclic and bicyclic unnatural amino acids can be directly incorporated in a potential inhibitor molecule as part of the design element. In this Account, we describe our efforts in the synthesis of constrained azacycles that contain proline or pipecolic acid as an integral part of bicyclic and polycyclic amino acids. We devised syntheses of conformationally biased monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic amino acid analogues, into which pharmacologically or structurally relevant functional groups were incorporated. Stereocontrolled reactions for C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation had to be implemented on appropriately protected amino acid frameworks. A number of these frameworks provided access to functionally diverse scaffolds for further use as core subunits in more elaborated structures. Specific applications as peptidomimetics of natural substrates for relevant enzymes, such as thrombin, were also pursued, resulting in highly active inhibitors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Luciana Auzzas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, I-07040 Sassari, Italy
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27
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Sakaguchi H, Tokuyama H, Fukuyama T. Total Synthesis of (−)-Kainic Acid via Intramolecular Michael Addition: A Second-Generation Route. Org Lett 2008; 10:1711-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800328q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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28
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Sato D, Fujiwara K, Kawai H, Suzuki T. Concise stereoselective synthesis of cis-3-alkoxy-2-carbomethoxy medium-ring oxacycles from (R)-3-(3-butenyl)-4-propynoyloxazolidin-2-one. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Jung YC, Yoon CH, Turos E, Yoo KS, Jung KW. Total syntheses of (-)-alpha-kainic acid and (+)-alpha-allokainic acid via stereoselective C-H insertion and efficient 3,4-stereocontrol. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10114-22. [PMID: 18044924 PMCID: PMC2536682 DOI: 10.1021/jo701988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a novel approach to the total syntheses of (-)-alpha-kainic acid and (+)-alpha-allokainic acid, where the stereochemistries on C(2), C(3), and C(4) of the pyrrolidine core were introduced efficiently and selectively. A regio- and stereoselective C-H insertion reaction was utilized to prepare the gamma-lactam as an intermediate. A Michael-type cyclization of phenylsulfone with a conjugated acetylenic ketone was developed to prepare the tricyclic ketone as a key intermediate for (-)-alpha-kainic acid. Subsequently, a stereoselective dephenylsulfonylation was carried out successfully to secure the cis relationship at C(3) and C(4) centers. An unprecedented acetylation on the phenylsulfone, followed by a stereoselective dephenylsulfonylation, secured the trans relationship at C(3) and C(4) centers in (+)-alpha-allokainic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chun Jung
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1062, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250
| | - Cheol Hwan Yoon
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1062, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250
| | - Edward Turos
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1062, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250
| | - Kyung Soo Yoo
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1062, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250
| | - Kyung Woon Jung
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1062, and Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250
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30
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Hodgson DM, Hachisu S, Andrews MD. Stereocontrolled syntheses of kainoid amino acids from 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadienes using tandem radical addition-homoallylic radical rearrangement. J Org Chem 2006; 70:8866-76. [PMID: 16238320 DOI: 10.1021/jo0513865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction; see text] N-Boc syn-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(alkyl or aryl)sulfonyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes serve as precursors in syntheses of the neuroexcitants 3-(carboxymethyl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 43, alpha-kainic acid 12, alpha-isokainic acid 14, and alpha-dihydroallokainic acid 77. The key step in these syntheses is the intermolecular radical addition of 2-iodoethanol to a N-Boc 2-(alkyl or aryl)sulfonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene 7 to induce nitrogen-directed homoallylic radical rearrangement. Oxidative cleavage of the resulting 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes provide straightforward access to polysubstituted pyrrolidines and, in particular, an efficient entry to the kainoid amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, UK.
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31
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Attwood MR, Gilbert PS, Lewis ML, Mills K, Quayle P, Thompson SP, Wang S. α-Alkoxystannanes as masked oxonium ions: application to the synthesis of furo[2,3-b]pyrans. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Hodgson DM, Hachisu S, Andrews MD. Synthesis of alpha-kainic acid from a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene by tandem radical addition-homoallylic radical rearrangement. Org Lett 2005; 7:815-7. [PMID: 15727448 DOI: 10.1021/ol047557u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reductive radical addition of 2-iodoethanol to N-Boc 2-tosyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene gives N-Boc syn-7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-tosyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene, which is converted into the neuroexcitants 3-(carboxymethyl)pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid and alpha-kainic acid. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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33
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Scott ME, Lautens M. Total Synthesis of (−)-(α)-Kainic Acid via a Diastereoselective Methylenecyclopropane Ring Expansion. Org Lett 2005; 7:3045-7. [PMID: 15987201 DOI: 10.1021/ol051003p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A concise and enantioselective synthesis of (-)-(alpha)-kainic acid in 13 steps with an overall yield of 15% is reported. The pyrrolidine kainoid precursor with the required C2/C3 trans stereochemistry was prepared with excellent diastereoselectivity (>20:1) via a MgI(2)-mediated ring expansion of a tertiary methylenecyclopropyl amide. A selective hydroboration was then employed to set the remaining stereochemistry at the C4 position en route to (-)-(alpha)-kainic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Scott
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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35
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Montserrat Martínez M, Hoppe D. Novel Approach to the (-)-Sparteine-Mediated Synthesis of Kainoids:Total Synthesis of (-)-α-Kainic Acid by (-)-Sparteine-Mediated Deprotonation. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Kumareswaran R, Shin S, Gallou I, RajanBabu TV. Silylstannylation of Allenes and Silylstannylation−Cyclization of Allenynes. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Allylstannanes and Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Compounds. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7157-70. [PMID: 15471465 DOI: 10.1021/jo049010z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catalyzed by Pd(0), trialkylsilyltrialkylstannane (R(3)Si-SnR'(3)) reagents undergo highly selective additions to 1,2-dien-7-ynes and 1,2-dien-8-ynes to give 2-vinylalkylidenecyclopentanes with silicon and tin substituents on the double bonds. Similar additions of distannanes and borostannanes show that the reactions with silylstannanes are superior in terms of ease of handling of the bifunctional reagents and the isolation of the products after the reaction. The chemo- and regioselectivities are controlled by the enhanced reactivity of the allene unit, while the (Z)-geometry of the exocyclic stannylvinylidene is a consequence of the syn-carbometalation and subsequent reductive elimination from Pd with retention of configuration at the vinyl carbon. Synthesis of highly functionalized pyrrolidines and indolizidines and the reluctance of certain kinds of allenynes and silicon-tin reagents to undergo the cyclization illustrate the scope and limitations of the reaction. Based on the isolation of intermediates, a mechanism for the formation of the cyclic compounds is proposed. Model transition states to explain the stereoselectivity in cyclization of substituted allenynes are provided. Further elaboration using the vinyltin and vinylsilane moieties should lead to highly functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Under similar conditions, addition of silylstannanes to highly functionalized allenes gives E-allylstannanes with high stereoselectivity. Functional groups such as THP- and silyl-ethers, lactones, beta- and gamma-lactams, alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, olefins, and substituted acetylenes are tolerated under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaiah Kumareswaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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37
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Abstract
8-Azido-5'-aziridino-5'-deoxyadenosine (6), a novel cofactor mimic, was synthesized in nine steps from commercially available 2',3'-isopropylideneadenosine in approximately 4% overall yield. Crucial to this success was a very unorthodox phthalimide cleavage procedure, C8 azidation prior to aziridination and late stage alkylation of the 5' amino group with iodoethanol necessitated by the high degree of lability endowed by the aryl azide moiety. Aziridine 6 is envisioned as a useful biochemical tool by which to probe DNA and protein methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Comstock
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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38
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Green R, Taylor PJ, Bull SD, James TD, Mahon MF, Merritt AT. A practical synthesis of enantiopure (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-oxazolidin-2-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Anderson JC, Whiting M. Total synthesis of (+/-)-kainic Acid with an aza-[2,3]-Wittig sigmatropic rearrangement as the key stereochemical determining step. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6160-3. [PMID: 12895045 DOI: 10.1021/jo030101q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A flexible route to the kainoid skeleton is exemplified by the synthesis of (+/-)-kainic acid from 3-butyn-1-ol. The route relies on the aza-[2,3]-Wittig sigmatropic rearrangement to efficiently install the relative stereochemistry between C2-C3. The C4 stereocenter was derived from a diastereocontrolled iodolactonization. The aza-[2,3]-Wittig rearrangement potentially allows structural diversity at C3 and the displacement of the tosyloxy group with retention of stereochemistry allows structural diversity at C4. The trans-C2 carboxylic acid functional group was found to be the most important for retention of stereochemistry at C4 upon treatment with a higher order cyano cuprate reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Anderson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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40
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One-pot acylation and fractional crystallization: preparation of optically active serinol monobenzoates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Del Valle JR, Goodman M. Asymmetric hydrogenations for the synthesis of Boc-protected 4-alkylprolinols and prolines. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3923-31. [PMID: 12737573 DOI: 10.1021/jo034214l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The utility of 4-substituted prolinols and their corresponding prolines in peptides, peptidomimetics, and natural products has motivated researchers to find new and efficient routes for their preparation. Herein, we report a general approach to the synthesis of Boc-protected 4-alkylprolinols and prolines via a divergent asymmetric hydrogenation strategy. Intermediate exocyclic olefins were prepared by Wittig-type reactions with ketone 6 and subjected to hydroxyl and sterically directed reductions. The Crabtree catalyst (Ir[COD]PyPCy(3)PF(6)) proved to be highly effective in diastereoselective hydrogenations to give trans-substituted pyrrolidines (9). Good facial selectivities were also observed in heterogeneous hydrogenations with Raney-nickel to obtain cis-substituted pyrrolidines (11). Employing this strategy, we describe the synthesis of novel prolinol and proline-based building blocks for incorporation into biologically relevant peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Del Valle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0343, USA
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42
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43
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44
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Clayden J, Menet CJ, Tchabanenko K. Synthesis of (−)-kainic acid using chiral lithium amides in an asymmetric dearomatizing cyclization. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Facile synthesis of (+)-α-allokainic acid via Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of allyl acetate derived from trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Abstract
A concise route to (-)-kainic acid from enantiopure (+)-cis-4-carbobenzoxyamino-2-cyclopentenol has been devised by employing concurrent Chugaev syn-elimination and intramolecular ene reaction as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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47
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Radical Cyclization in Heterocycle Synthesis. Part 10: A Concise Synthesis of (−)-Kainic Acid via Sulfanyl Radical Addition–Cyclization–Elimination Reaction. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Chevliakov MV, Montgomery J. A Stereodivergent Approach to (−)-α-Kainic Acid and (+)-α-Allokainic Acid Utilizing the Complementarity of Alkyne and Allene Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Chevliakov
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489
| | - John Montgomery
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489
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49
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Yuasa Y, Fujimaki N, Yokomatsu T, Ando J, Shibuya S. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of (6-Methylenepyrrolo [1,2-C] oxazol-7-yl)methylphosphonate by an Application of Radical Reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908085991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Sugiyama S, Watanabe S, Ishii K. Asymmetric synthesis of the 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone from the serinol derivative and chloroformates. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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