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Tang S, Zhang X, Sun J, Niu D, Chruma JJ. 2-Azaallyl Anions, 2-Azaallyl Cations, 2-Azaallyl Radicals, and Azomethine Ylides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10393-10457. [PMID: 30302999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the use of 2-azaallyl anions, 2-azaallyl cations, and 2-azaallyl radicals in organic synthesis up through June 2018. Particular attention is paid to both foundational studies and recent advances over the past decade involving semistabilized and nonstabilized 2-azaallyl anions as key intermediates in various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming processes. Both transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free transformations are covered. Azomethine ylides, which have received significant attention elsewhere, are discussed briefly with the primary focus on critical comparisons with 2-azaallyl anions in regard to generation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jason J Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Sciences & Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , People's Republic of China
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Zhan Y, Liu T, Ren J, Wang Z. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular [3+2] Cross-Cycloaddition of Aziridine 2,2-Diesters with Conjugated Dienes for Construction of Aza-[n
.2.1] Skeletons. Chemistry 2017; 23:17862-17866. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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Garner P, Kaniskan HÜ, Keyari CM, Weerasinghe L. Asymmetric [C + NC + CC] Coupling Entry to the Naphthyridinomycin Natural Product Family: Formal Total Synthesis of Cyanocycline A and Bioxalomycin β2. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5283-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Ümit Kaniskan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7078, United States
| | - Charles M. Keyari
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - Laksiri Weerasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
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Wu H, Wang B, Liu H, Wang L. A novel Fe(II)/diaryl prolinol catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with alkenes. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ni CY, Kan SS, Liu QZ, Kang TR. Diastereoselective and enantioselective capture of chiral zinc enolate using nitroolefins: a rapid access to chiral γ-nitro carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6211-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Scott CN, Wilcox CS. A Mild Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisalkoxysilanes through Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Hydridosilanes Containing C−C Multiple Bonds and Aryl Halides. J Org Chem 2009; 75:253-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9022765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Combinatorial Chemistry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Craig S. Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry and Combinatorial Chemistry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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Yadav VK, Gupta A. A new synthesis of pyrrolidines via imino-aldol reaction of (2-trimethylsilylmethyl)cyclopropyl ketones with imines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Ishii K, Kido M, Noji M, Sugiyama S. Photoreactions of bicyclic aziridines with alkenes and alkynes: a novel synthetic methodology for 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3186-95. [DOI: 10.1039/b805801f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Siengalewicz P, Rinner U, Mulzer J. Recent progress in the total synthesis of naphthyridinomycin and lemonomycin tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor antibiotics (TAAs). Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2676-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b804167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ishii K, Sone T, Shigeyama T, Noji M, Sugiyama S. Photoreactions of β-aziridinylacrylonitriles and acrylates with alkenes: the substituent effects on the formation of [3+2] cycloadducts. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pandey G, Banerjee P, Gadre SR. Construction of Enantiopure Pyrrolidine Ring System via Asymmetric [3+2]-Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4484-517. [PMID: 17091927 DOI: 10.1021/cr050011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 810] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Pandey
- Division of Organic Chemistry (Synthesis), National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
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Ishaq S, Porter MJ. Allylsilyl Propargyl Ethers as Substrates for Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500406120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ishaq
- a Department of Chemistry , University College London , London, UK
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Pedrosa R, Andrés C, Nieto J, Pérez-Cuadrado C, San Francisco I. An Efficient and Diastereoselective Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Cyclic Azomethine Ylides and Nitrones. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kang YB, Tang Y, Sun XL. Scandium triflate catalyzed cycloaddition of imines with 1,1-cyclopropanediesters: efficient and diastereoselective synthesis of multisubstituted pyrrolidines. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:299-301. [PMID: 16391772 DOI: 10.1039/b512195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tandem ring-opening-cyclization reaction of cyclopropanes with imines in the presence of 5 mol% of scandium triflate was developed for the highly diastereoselective synthesis of multi-substituted pyrrolidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Biao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zeng W, Zhou YG. Bifunctional AgOAc-Catalyzed Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides. Org Lett 2005; 7:5055-8. [PMID: 16235956 DOI: 10.1021/ol0520370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A bifunctional AgOAc-catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with electronic-deficient alkenes was developed using ferrocenyloxazoline-derived N,P ligands. The reactive metal-bound azomethine ylide dipole is formed by the deprotonation with acetate, and extra base is not necessary. The reactions proceed with high enantioselectivity. This method provides an efficient and convenient route to optically active pyrrolidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian
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A stereodivergent cascade imine→azomethine ylide→1,3-dipolar cycloadditive approach to α-chiral pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Coldham I, Hufton R. Intramolecular Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Ylides. Chem Rev 2005; 105:2765-810. [PMID: 16011324 DOI: 10.1021/cr040004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 845] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., and Tripos Discovery Research Ltd., Bude-Stratton Business Park, Bude EX23 8LY, UK.
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Geib S. Synthesis of Fluorous and Nonfluorous Polycyclic Systems by One-Pot, Double Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides. Org Lett 2005; 7:2269-72. [PMID: 15901186 DOI: 10.1021/ol0507773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Under microwave irradiation, a one-pot, double intramolecular [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides leads to formation of a novel hexacyclic ring system. The major diastereomer is isolated, and its stereochemistry is determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Fluorous Technologies, Inc., University of Pittsburgh Applied Research Center, 970 William Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, USA.
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Photoreactions of β-aziridinylacrylonitriles and acrylates with alkenes: formation of head-to-head adducts and application to the preparation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kudoh T, Ishikawa T, Shimizu Y, Saito S. Intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of silyl nitronate tethered to vinylsilyl group: 2-nitroalkanols as precursors for amino polyols. Org Lett 2004; 5:3875-8. [PMID: 14535732 DOI: 10.1021/ol035423v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A method for converting 2-nitroalkanols to precursors for stereodefined amino polyols is described. Diphenylvinylsilylation of the 2-nitroalkanols' hydroxy groups and subsequent silyl nitronate generation by using TMS-Cl and Et(3)N in CH(3)CN at 0 degrees C to room temperature led to fused-bicyclic heterocycles through stereoselective intramolecular nitronate-olefin [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Some examples for transforming the cycloadducts to amino polyols are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kudoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Engineering and School of Education, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan 700-8530
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Longmire JM, Wang B, Zhang X. Highly enantioselective Ag(i)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13400-1. [PMID: 12418889 DOI: 10.1021/ja025969x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly reactive Ag(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides is founded using AgOAc as the catalytic precursor and phosphines as ligands. Using a new bis-ferrocenyl amide phosphine (FAP) as the ligand, we found that high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee) have been achieved in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Up to four stereogenic centers can be established in this multicomponent coupling reaction from readily available materials such as aldehydes, aminoesters, and dipolarophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Longmire
- Department of Chemistry, 152 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Scott JD, Williams RM. Chemistry and biology of the tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor antibiotics. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1669-730. [PMID: 11996547 DOI: 10.1021/cr010212u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 895] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Karlsson S, Högberg HE. ASYMMETRIC 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE HETEROCYCLES. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940109356583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Galoppini E, Chebolu R, Gilardi R, Zhang W. Copper(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2] photocycloadditions with tethered linkers: synthesis of syn-photodimers of dicyclopentadienes. J Org Chem 2001; 66:162-8. [PMID: 11429894 DOI: 10.1021/jo0055990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular photocycloadditions of diesters made of endo-dicyclopentadiene derivatives linked by the ester bonds with tethers are highly regio- and stereoselective and complete within hours, and the tethers can be easily cleaved afterward upon reduction with LiAlH4-Irradiation of the diesters afforded a 1:1 mixture of the heretofore unknown exo-cis-exo dimer, originating from the (R,S/S,R) diastereomer of the diester and the exo-trans-exo, deriving from the (R,R/S,S) diastereomer. The intermolecular photodimerization yielded, instead, only exo-trans-exo isomers and side products after irradiation for several days. The role of the tether's length and structure on the course of the photocycloadditions was investigated, and it was observed that short tethers introduce considerable strain in the products' framework. Adamantyl-containing tethers provided the shortest reaction times and highest yields. X-ray diffraction analysis of an exo-cis-exo stereoisomer containing adamantane in the tether exhibited an unusually close approach between H atoms on the methylene bridges and a long C-C distance in the cyclobutane ring. A rearrangement induced by X-ray irradiation was observed in this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt V. Gothelf
- Center for Metal Catalyzed Reactions, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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