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Wongso H. Natural product-based Radiopharmaceuticals:Focus on curcumin and its analogs, flavonoids, and marine peptides. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:380-393. [PMID: 35811617 PMCID: PMC9257450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products provide a bountiful supply of pharmacologically relevant precursors for the development of various drug-related molecules, including radiopharmaceuticals. However, current knowledge regarding the importance of natural products in developing new radiopharmaceuticals remains limited. To date, several radionuclides, including gallium-68, technetium-99m, fluorine-18, iodine-131, and iodine-125, have been extensively studied for the synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The availability of various radiolabeling methods allows the incorporation of these radionuclides into bioactive molecules in a practical and efficient manner. Of the radiolabeling methods, direct radioiodination, radiometal complexation, and halogenation are generally suitable for natural products owing to their simplicity and robustness. This review highlights the pharmacological benefits of curcumin and its analogs, flavonoids, and marine peptides in treating human pathologies and provides a perspective on the potential use of these bioactive compounds as molecular templates for the design and development of new radiopharmaceuticals. Additionally, this review provides insights into the current strategies for labeling natural products with various radionuclides using either direct or indirect methods. Potential use of natural products for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Profile of potential natural products as molecular templates for the synthesis of new radiopharmaceuticals: Focus on curcumin and its closely related substances, flavonoids, and marine peptides. Radiolabeling strategies, challenges, and examples of natural product-based radiopharmaceuticals under investigation.
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Lengacher R, Alberto R. Bioorganometallics: 99mTc cytectrenes, syntheses and applications in nuclear medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Núñez-Montenegro A, Carballo R, Vázquez-López EM. Synthesis, characterization and binding affinities of rhenium(I) thiosemicarbazone complexes for the estrogen receptor (α/β). J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:53-63. [PMID: 25061691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The binding affinities towards estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β of a set of thiosemicarbazone ligands (HL(n)) and their rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes [ReX(HL(n))(CO)3] (X=Cl, Br) were determined by a competitive standard radiometric assay with [(3)H]-estradiol. The ability of the coordinated thiosemicarbazone ligands to undergo deprotonation and the lability of the ReX bond were used as a synthetic strategy to obtain [Re(hpy)(L(n))(CO)3] (hpy=3- or 4-hydroxypyridine). The inclusion of the additional hpy ligand endows the new thiosemicarbazonate complexes with an improved affinity towards the estrogen receptors and, consequently, the values of the inhibition constant (Ki) could be determined for some of them. In general, the values of Ki for both ER subtypes suggest an appreciable selectivity towards ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Núñez-Montenegro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Rosa Carballo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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Bhattacharyya S, Dixit M. Metallic radionuclides in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6112-28. [PMID: 21541393 PMCID: PMC3716284 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic radionuclides are the mainstay of both diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Therapeutic nuclear medicine is less advanced but has tremendous potential if the radionuclide is accurately targeted. Great interest exists in the field of inorganic chemistry for developing target specific radiopharmaceuticals based on radiometals for non-invasive disease detection and cancer radiotherapy. This perspective will focus on the nuclear properties of a few important radiometals and their recent applications to developing radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy. Other topics for discussion will include imaging techniques, radiotherapy, analytical techniques, and radiation safety. The ultimate goal of this perspective is to introduce inorganic chemists to the field of nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceutical development, where many applications of fundamental inorganic chemistry can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Bldg. 376, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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Boros E, Häfeli UO, Patrick BO, Adam MJ, Orvig C. Design, Synthesis, and Imaging of Small Amphiphilic Rhenium and 99mTechnetium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1002-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900022c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada, and TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Urs O. Häfeli
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada, and TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada, and TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Michael J. Adam
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada, and TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146, East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada, and TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2A3, Canada
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Banerjee S, Das T, Chakraborty S, Samuel G, Korde A, Venkatesh M, Pillai MRA. An estradiol-conjugate for radiolabelling with 177Lu: an attempt to prepare a radiotherapeutic agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4315-22. [PMID: 15927837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
177Lu is presently being considered as one of the most promising radionuclide for targeted therapy owing to its suitable decay characteristics. 177Lu in high radionuclidic purity (99.99%) and moderate specific activity (100-110 TBq/g) was produced using enriched (60.6% 176Lu) Lu2O3 target. The macrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) is known to form stable complexes with lanthanides. Herein, we describe a novel attempt to introduce 177Lu in the estradiol moiety through a steroidal-BFCA (Bifunctional Chelating Agent) conjugate. The preparation of a steroid conjugate via coupling of 6alpha-amino-17beta-estradiol with a C-functionalized DOTA derivative viz. p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA as a BFCA and thereafter the radiolabelling of the conjugate with 177Lu is reported. Biological activity of the resultant estradiol-DOTA conjugate after radiolabelling was studied by carrying out preliminary in vitro cell uptake studies with MCF-7, human breast carcinoma cell line expressing estrogen receptors as well as binding studies with anti-estradiol antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Le Gal J, Tisato F, Bandoli G, Gressier M, Jaud J, Michaud S, Dartiguenave M, Benoist E. Synthesis and structural characterization of new oxorhenium and oxotechnetium complexes with XN2S-tetradentate semi-rigid ligands (X = O, S, N). Dalton Trans 2005:3800-7. [PMID: 16471063 DOI: 10.1039/b508661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel oxo-technetium and oxo-rhenium complexes based on N2S2-, N2SO- or N3S-tetradentate semi-rigid ligands have been synthesised and studied herein. By reacting the ligands with a slight excess of suitable [MO]3+ precursor (ReOCl3(PPh3)2 or [NBu4][99gTcOCl4]), the monoanionic complexes of general formula [MO(Ph-XN2S)]- could be easily produced in high yield. The complexes have been characterized by means of IR, electrospray mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, NMR and conductimetry. The crystal structures of [PPh4][ReO(Ph-ON2S)] 1b and [NBu4][99gTcO(Ph-ON2S)] 1c have been established. The [MO]3+ moiety was coordinated via the two deprotonated amide nitrogens, the oxygen and the terminal sulfur atoms in 1b and 1c. In both compounds, the ON2S coordination set is in the equatorial plane, and the complexes adopted a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with an axial oxo-group. The chemical and structural identity of the different prototypic complexes (rhenium, 99gTc complexes and their corresponding 99mTc radiocomplexes) have been also established by a comparative HPLC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Le Gal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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9
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Luyt LG, Bigott HM, Welch MJ, Katzenellenbogen JA. 7α- and 17α-Substituted estrogens containing tridentate tricarbonyl rhenium/Technetium complexes: synthesis of estrogen receptor imaging agents and evaluation using microPET with technetium-94m. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:4977-89. [PMID: 14604660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop technetium and rhenium-labeled imaging agents for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors, we have prepared tridentate metal tricarbonyl chelates substituted at the 7alpha- and 17alpha-positions of estradiol. Some of the Re(CO)(3) conjugates have high binding for the ER in vitro. The in vivo biodistribution of the highest affinity of these novel metal tricarbonyl conjugates, prepared as the (94m)Tc labeled analogue, was evaluated by tissue dissection and microPET imaging. Although target tissue-selective uptake was not apparent, it is notable that microPET imaging identified the stomach as a major site of activity deposition, a site that might have been missed by standard tissue distribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Mull ES, Sattigeri VJ, Rodriguez AL, Katzenellenbogen JA. Aryl cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl rhenium complexes: novel ligands for the estrogen receptor with potential use as estrogen radiopharmaceuticals. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1381-98. [PMID: 11886802 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The need for imaging agents for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors that are both cost effective and widely available, as well as the need for novel radiotherapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer, has prompted us to investigate cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl metal [CpMet(CO)(3), Met=Re, Tc-99m] complexes that bind well to the ER. Thus, we have prepared a series of p-hydroxyphenyl-substituted CpRe(CO)(3) complexes and evaluated them (and, in some cases, their cyclopentadiene precursors) for binding to ER. These compounds constitute a new class of structurally integrated organometallic ligands for ER in which the CpMet(CO)(3 )organometallic unit forms the very structural core of these molecules and thus is necessarily intimately involved in their interaction with the receptor. The CpRe(CO)(3) compounds were prepared by reaction of the lithium salt of the arene-substituted cyclopentadiene with a suitable Re(CO)(3)(+) precursor, followed by deprotection of the methyl ether. The X-ray crystal structure of one of these analogues shows that it has the classical 'piano stool'-like geometry, with the alkyl groups directed upward, away from the tripodyl metal carbonyl base. The aryl-substituted CpRe(CO)(3) complexes that we have prepared all bind to the ER, some with affinity as great as 20% that of the native ligand, estradiol. In general, at least two p-hydroxyphenyl substituents and one to two alkyl groups attached to the organometallic cyclopentadienyl core are needed for high ER affinity. Where we have been able to make comparisons, the metal complexes bind to ER with an affinity greater than their cyclopentadiene precursors. The high affinity of some of these complexes indicates that the bulky Re(CO)(3) unit is able to exploit the considerable volume in the center of the ER ligand binding pocket that is not occupied by most ligands, a consideration that is supported by molecular modeling. The preparation of the best of these agents in technetium-99m labeled form is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Mull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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11
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Abstract
The past several years have seen marked advances in technetium/rhenium chemistry applicable to the preparation of new 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. This article focuses on recent developments in technetium chemistry, including the preparation of "3 + 1" complexes, the preparation and use of (99mTc[CO]3)+ complexes for labeling biomolecules, the preparation of rhenium steroid inclusion complexes, improvements in both hydrazinonicotinamide labeling chemistry and in the preformed 99mTc complex method of labeling biomolecules, and new solid-phase separation techniques that may allow the isolation of high specific-activity radiopharmaceuticals in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Mease
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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12
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Abstract
The progress in diagnostic nuclear medicine over the years since the discovery of 99mTc is indeed phenomenal. Over 80% of the radiopharmaceuticals currently being used make use of this short-lived, metastable radionuclide, which has reigned as the workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. The preeminence of 99mTc is attributable to its optimal nuclear properties of a short half-life and a gamma photon emission of 140 keV, which is suitable for high-efficiency detection and which results in low radiation exposure to the patient. 99mTcO4-, which is readily available as a column eluate from a 99Mo/99mTc generator, is reduced in the presence of chelating agents. The versatile chemistry of technetium emerging from the 8 possible oxidation states, along with a proper understanding of the structure-biologic activity relationship, has been exploited to yield a plethora of products meant for morphologic and functional imaging of different organs. This article reviews the evolution of 99mTc dating back to its discovery, the development of 99Mo/99mTc generators, and the efforts to exploit the diverse chemistry of the element to explore a spectrum of compounds for diagnostic imaging, planar, and single photon emission computed tomography. A brief outline of the 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals currently being used has been categorically presented according to the organs being imaged. Newer methods of labeling involving bifunctional chelating agents (which encompass the "3 + 1" ligand system, Tc(CO)3(+1)-containing chelates, hydrazinonicotinamide, water-soluble phosphines, and other Tc-carrying moieties) have added a new dimension for the preparation of novel technetium compounds. These developments in technetium chemistry have opened new avenues in the field of diagnostic imaging. These include fundamental aspects in the design and development of target-specific agents, including antibodies, peptides, steroids, and other small molecules that have specific receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Mull ES, Katzenellenbogen JA. Development of cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl metal complexes as radiopharmaceuticals for the estrogen receptor using an “integrated” design. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Skaddan MB, Wüst FR, Jonson S, Syhre R, Welch MJ, Spies H, Katzenellenbogen JA. Radiochemical synthesis and tissue distribution of Tc-99m-labeled 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. Nucl Med Biol 2000; 27:269-78. [PMID: 10832084 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of radiopharmaceutical imaging agents that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumor cells. Agents labeled with (99m)Tc would be especially valuable in this regard. In attempting to achieve this goal, we synthesized four (99m)Tc-labeled 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. One complex utilizes the "3+1" mixed ligand design to introduce the Tc metal, whereas the other three took advantage of the cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmetal (CpTM) design. The Tc moieties were attached to the 7alpha position of estradiol with a hexyl tether, a monoether tether, or a polyether tether. The corresponding rhenium compounds have binding affinities for the ER of 20-45% compared with estradiol. Radiochemical yields of the (99m)Tc-labeled compounds ranged from approximately 15% for the CpT-Tc complexes to 95% for the 3 + 1 inorganic complex. Tissue distribution studies in immature female rats showed low nonreceptor-mediated uptake in the target organs and high uptake in nontarget organs such as the liver and fat. These complexes represent the first time that estradiol has been labeled at the 7alpha position with (99m)Tc and provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Skaddan MB, Wüst FR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Synthesis and Binding Affinities of Novel Re-Containing 7alpha-Substituted Estradiol Complexes: Models for Breast Cancer Imaging Agents. J Org Chem 1999; 64:8108-8121. [PMID: 11674724 DOI: 10.1021/jo990641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of imaging radiopharmaceuticals that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor status in the tumor cells. Toward this goal, we have synthesized a number of novel Re-containing 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. The introduction of the 7alpha side chain involves the alkylation of tetrahydropyranyloxy-protected 6-keto estradiol. The methods used to introduce the rhenium metal involve "3 + 1" and "4 + 1" mixed ligand complexes (2a-c and 5, respectively), tricarbonyl dithioether complexes (3), and the cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmetal organometallic system (4ab, 6, 7). These complexes showed binding affinities for the estrogen receptor (as high as 45% for the "3 + 1" complex 2c) when compared to the native ligand estradiol. The polarity of some complexes (4ab) was modified to improve biodistribution properties by introducing (poly)ether linkages into the 7alpha side chain (6, 7). These complexes provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the estrogen receptor, and they furnish the synthetic groundwork for the synthesis of the analogous Tc-99m complexes for evaluation as breast tumor imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B. Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Institut für Bioanorganische und Radiopharmazeutische Chemie, FZ-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden, Germany
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Liu S, Edwards DS. 99mTc-Labeled Small Peptides as Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2235-68. [PMID: 11749481 DOI: 10.1021/cr980436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Medical Imaging Division, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862
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Jurisson SS, Lydon JD. Potential technetium small molecule radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2205-18. [PMID: 11749479 DOI: 10.1021/cr980435t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Jurisson
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Skaddan MB, Katzenellenbogen JA. Integrated "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes as estrogen mimics. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:119-29. [PMID: 9893973 DOI: 10.1021/bc980094q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of imaging radiopharmaceuticals that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumor cells. Toward this goal, we have synthesized a number of integrated "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes designed to mimic estradiol and a class of nonsteroidal estrogens, the tetrahydrochrysenes (THC). The monodentate component of the estradiol mimic is a p-hydroxyphenethyl thiol ligand with ethyl substituents at the benzylic and homobenzylic positions. Model complexes of this ligand were easily made, but steric hindrance of the secondary thiol prevented the formation of the complex with the disubstituted ligand. The three "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes prepared to mimic the THC class mimics represent the first pyridinedithiol rhenium complexes of their kind to be made. These complexes are quite stable to air and moisture. The target tridentate ligand was prepared from chelidamic acid, and the VT NMR of the rhenium complex displays interesting fluxional behavior. The binding affinities of these complexes for the estrogen receptor are low, and their lipophilicities are rather high. Nevertheless, our findings provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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van Bommel KJC, Verboom W, Kooijman H, Spek AL, Reinhoudt DN. Rhenium(V)-Salen Complexes: Configurational Control and Ligand Exchange. Inorg Chem 1998; 37:4197-4203. [PMID: 11670551 DOI: 10.1021/ic980125t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of ReO(PPh(3))(2)Cl(3) with tetradentate bis(salicylideneamine) ligands, H(2)salpd (1) and H(2)salbd (2), in different alcohols gave the novel mixed-ligand rhenium complexes ReO(sal)OAlk (OAlk = variety of alkoxy ligands). Configurational studies show that the rhenium complexes ReO(salpd)OAlk (1a-f) display either a symmetrical or a nonsymmetrical configuration, depending on the size of the alcohol and its boiling point. The rhenium complexes ReO(salbd)OAlk (2a-d) are all nonsymmetrical due to the number of carbons that bridge the imine nitrogens. In the case of the symmetrical ReO(salpd)OMe (1a) complex the methoxy ligand can be exchanged for a number of ligands of different types (OAlk, OPh, SAlk, OC(O)Alk). In the newly formed complexes the original configuration was retained except for the ReO(salpd)SAlk (1i,j) complexes which were isolated in the nonsymmetrical configuration. Starting from the nonsymmetrical ReO(salpd)OPr (2c) complex, ligand exchange led to a mixture of the symmetrical and nonsymmetrical complexes, with ratios depending on the reaction time. The crystal structures of ReO(salbd)OPr (2c), and ReO(salpd)OPhOMe (1g) have been determined. ReO(salbd)OPr crystallizes in the triclinic space group P&onemacr;, Z = 2, with a = 10.0344(16) Å, b = 10.647(2) Å, c = 11.481(2) Å, alpha = 86.551(15) degrees, beta = 86.998(14) degrees, gamma = 80.112(15) degrees, V = 1205.1(4) Å(3), and final R = 0.0460. Crystals of ReO(salpd)OPhOMe are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4, with a = 10.6222(15) Å, b = 12.442(3) Å, c = 16.354(3) Å, V = 2161.4(7) Å(3), and final R = 0.0371. Under the influence of traces of water a number of symmetrical complexes react to a "dimeric" structure, consisting of two ReO(salpd) moieties bridged by an oxygen atom with the bridging Re-O-Re angle symmetrically imposed at 180 degrees. [ReO(salpd)](2)O (3) crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, Z = 4, with a = 14.860(2) Å, b = 12.545(2) Å, c = 16.5111(17) Å, beta = 95.030(10) degrees, V = 3066.1(7) Å(3), and final R = 0.0439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjeld J. C. van Bommel
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reid SM, Neuner B, Schrock RR, Davis WM. Synthesis of Rhenium Complexes That Contain the [(C6F5NCH2CH2)3N]3-Ligand. Organometallics 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/om980220+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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