1
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Abstract
Diamonds enchant people with their beauty, which has also been defined by mathematics. The existence of strong isotropy with maximal symmetry in carbon networks has been mathematically disclosed, which has led to a proposal of a diamond twin. Unlike tetrahedral vertices of the diamond, trigonal vertices of the diamond twin achieve strong isotropy, notably, with chirality. In the diamond twin, 14 trigonal vertices are connected by 15 edges to form a minimal cage. Although the diamond-twin network indeed had a four-decade history in theory, it remained imaginary in reality due to its inevitable instability of the minimal cage. In this paper, the carbonaceous minimal cage of the diamond twin has been synthesized, which reveals unique structural features including helical chirality. A network of tetrahedral vertices can fill three-dimensional (3D) spaces in a beautiful and isotropic manner, which is found as diamonds with sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. Although a network of trigonal vertices (i.e., another form of carbon atoms with sp2-hybridization) naturally results in a lower-dimensional two-dimensional network of graphenes, an isotropic 3D arrangement of trigonal vertices has been of theoretical and mathematical interest, which has materialized as a proposal of a “diamond twin.” We herein report the synthesis and optical resolution of a minimal cage of a chiral diamond-twin network. With triangular phenine units at 14 vertices, triply fused decagonal rings were assembled by forming 15 biaryl edges via coupling. A unique chirality of the network has been disclosed with the minimal cage, which may stimulate explorations of chiral carbonaceous materials.
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2
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Sun Z, Miyamoto N, Sato S, Tokuyama H, Isobe H. An Obtuse-angled Corner Unit for Fluctuating Carbon Nanohoops. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:271-275. [PMID: 27897398 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The invention of corner units was the key factor that allowed the synthesis of cyclo-para-phenylenes with strained curved π-systems. Despite only a few scarce instances of the development of corner units to date, a variety of structural congeners have been synthesized. These preceding corner units commonly possessed directing angles of ≤90°, which enabled the macrocyclization of multiple units, up to six. In this study, we introduce an obtuse-angled corner unit for the synthesis of cyclo-para-phenylene congeners. The corner unit with oxanorbornadiene possessed a directing angle of 126° and thus allowed for the macrocyclization of larger structures with up to seven units. Reductive aromatization was applicable to complete the cyclo-para-phenylene structures and afforded the congeners with multiple anthracenylene panels. Structural studies with experimental and theoretical methods revealed a fluctuating structure with an intrinsic non-belt shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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3
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Stereoisomerism, crystal structures, and dynamics of belt-shaped cyclonaphthylenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8109-14. [PMID: 27357686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606530113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of a belt-shaped cyclic array of aromatic panels, a so-called "nanohoop," has increasingly attracted much interest, partly because it serves as a segmental model of single-wall carbon nanotubes with curved sp(2)-carbon networks. Although the unique molecular structure of nanohoops is expected to deepen our understanding in curved π-systems, its structural chemistry is still in its infancy despite structural variants rapidly accumulated over the past several years. For instance, structural characteristics that endow the belt shapes with rigidity, an important structural feature relevant to carbon nanotubes, have not been clarified to date. We herein report the synthesis and structures of a series of belt-shaped cyclonaphthylenes. Random synthesis methods using three precursor units with different numbers of naphthylene panels allowed us to prepare 6 congeners consisting of 6 to 11 naphthylene panels, and relationships between the rigidity and the panel numbers, i.e., molecular structures, were investigated. Fundamental yet complicated stereoisomerism in the belt-shaped structures was disclosed by mathematical methods, and dynamics in the panel rotation was revealed by dynamic NMR studies with the aid of theoretical calculations.
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4
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Carini M, Da Ros T, Prato M, Mateo-Alonso A. Shuttling as a Strategy to Control the Regiochemistry of Bis-Additions on Fullerene Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1823-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University di Trieste; Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University di Trieste; Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University di Trieste; Piazzale Europa 1 34127 Trieste Italy
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; CIC biomaGUNE; Paseo de Miramón 182 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science; 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science; 48011 Bilbao Spain
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5
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The di-t-butylsilylene protecting group as a bridging unit in linear and macrocyclic bis-malonates for the regioselective multifunctionalization of C60. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Sigwalt D, Schillinger F, Guerra S, Holler M, Berville M, Nierengarten JF. An expeditious regioselective synthesis of [60]fullerene e,e,e tris-adduct building blocks. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
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8
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A rigid macrocyclic bis-malonate for the regioselective preparation of trans-1 and trans-3 fullerene bis-adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Nakanishi W, Shimada Y, Isobe H. Structural fluctuation of disilanyl double-pillared bisheteroarenes. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1177-81. [PMID: 23471863 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silacyclophanes possessing two disilanyl pillars were synthesized from tricyclic heteroarenes in one-pot synthetic procedures. The step-like anti structures of three congeners bearing two heteroarene units were revealed in single crystals by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the structures of aromatic units, torsion angles at the disilanyl pillars altered to maintain the overall step-like molecular structures. The structure, however, fluctuated between anti and syn conformers in a solution phase despite the presence of eight methyl groups on the ring periphery. The analysis of the coalescence temperature with NMR spectroscopy showed the fundamental energetics of the dynamics. The subtle structural differences affected the dynamic behavior of the silacyclophanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waka Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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10
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Guerra S, Schillinger F, Sigwalt D, Holler M, Nierengarten JF. Synthesis of optically pure [60]fullerene e,e,e-tris adducts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4752-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Nakanishi W, Kamata S, Hitosugi S, Isobe H. Flexible Silacyclophanes with Two Tricyclic Aromatic Units Linked by Two Disilanyl Pillars. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho Kamata
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University
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12
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13
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14
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Nakamura Y, Kato SI. Exohedral functionalization of fullerenes and supramolecular chemistry. CHEM REC 2011; 11:77-94. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Nakae T, Matsuo Y, Nakamura E. Synthesis of C5-Symmetric Functionalized [60]Fullerenes by Copper-Mediated 5-Fold Addition of Reformatsky Reagents. Org Lett 2008; 10:621-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702874w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakae
- Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Nakamura Functional Carbon Cluster Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Karaulova EN, Bagrii EI. Fullerenes: functionalisation and prospects for the use of derivatives. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n11abeh000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Wang GW, Chen XP, Cheng X. Unexpected reactions of [60]fullerene involving tertiary amines and insight into the reaction mechanisms. Chemistry 2007; 12:7246-53. [PMID: 16856184 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thermal reactions of [60]fullerene with amino acid ester hydrochlorides and triethylamine in o-dichlorobenzene at reflux afforded pyrrolidinofullerene derivatives containing the CH(3)CH moiety and originating from triethylamine through an unusual C-N bond cleavage. Detailed investigation of these thermal reactions resulted in the discovery of unprecedented reactions between C(60) and tertiary amines and of reactions of C(60) with tertiary amines and aldehydes, giving cyclopentafullerene derivatives with high stereoselectivity. Plausible reaction mechanisms for the product formation involving the uncommon C-N bond cleavage of tertiary amines were proposed on the basis of extensive experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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18
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Thilgen C, Diederich F. Structural Aspects of Fullerene ChemistryA Journey through Fullerene Chirality. Chem Rev 2006; 106:5049-135. [PMID: 17165683 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Thilgen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Zhou Z, Schuster DI, Wilson SR. Tether-Directed Selective Synthesis of Fulleropyrrolidine Bisadducts. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1545-51. [PMID: 16468803 DOI: 10.1021/jo052213i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of C60 bisadducts has been achieved by using the Prato 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of tethered bis-azomethine ylides. New bis(benzaldehydes) 1-4 tethered by a rigid linker were prepared and used to direct the second cycloaddition of azomethine ylide to C60. Equatorial, trans-4, trans-3, trans-2, and trans-1 bisadducts have been selectively prepared with this approach. However, the introduction of chiral centers in the pyrrolidine rings in the course of the reaction complicated the chemistry, as a number of stereoisomers theoretically could be formed. The structure determination of the isomeric bisadducts was made based on spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations. To our best knowledge, this represents the first example of a systematic study on tether-directed selective synthesis of C60 fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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20
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Sergeyev S, Schär M, Seiler P, Lukoyanova O, Echegoyen L, Diederich F. Synthesis oftrans-1,trans-2,trans-3, andtrans-4 Bisadducts of C60by Regio- and Stereoselective Tether-Directed Remote Functionalization. Chemistry 2005; 11:2284-94. [PMID: 15674978 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The double Bingel reaction of fullerene C60 with bismalonates attached to a Tröger base derived tether afforded trans-1, trans-2, trans-3, and trans-4 bisadducts with excellent regioselectivity. In particular, enantiomerically pure bisadducts with inherently chiral trans-2 or trans-3 addition patterns were prepared starting from enantiomerically pure bismalonates. The absolute configuration of the trans-2 and trans-3 bisadducts was established from their CD spectra. The excellent diastereoselectivity in the double additions to give the trans-2 bisadducts is particularly remarkable given the large distance between the two reacting bonds in opposite hemispheres of the fullerene that is spanned by the tether. Now, all inherently chiral double addition patterns are readily available by tether-directed functionalization using appropriate chiral, nonracemic spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sergeyev
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Hirsch A. New concepts for regio- and stereoselective bis- and triscyclopropanations of C60. CHEM REC 2005; 5:196-208. [PMID: 16041743 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of isomerically multiple adducts of C(60) with a defined three-dimensional structure is still one of the most challenging tasks of exohedral fullerene chemistry. The inherent regioselectivity of successive additions of addends such as malonates to the fullerene's [6,6]-double bonds is only moderate. In most cases difficult-to-isolate mixtures of regioisomers are obtained. The regioselectivity can be significantly improved if multifunctional addends able to undergo two or more additions are allowed to react with C(60). Preorganization and minimization of strain energy within the addend skeleton reduce the number of sterically allowed addition patterns. Improved concepts for highly regio- and stereoselective bis- and triscyclopropanations of C(60) are described. Two examples of the bisadditions with complete regioselectivity leading to trans-2- and cis-2 are presented. Here, the two malonate binding sites are linked by rigid tetraphenylporphyrin and calix-[4]-arene spacers. Selective trisadditions were achieved with the easy-to-synthesize and easy-to-modify tripodal addends 5-7, where the malonates are held together by a focal aryl moiety. Another very elegant approach for bis- and trisadditions involves cyclo-[n]-alkylmalonates. Selection between addition patterns with and without rotational axes is possible by choosing the right combinations of the flexible alkyl chains connecting the malonates. If alkyl chains of identical lengths are used bis- and trisadducts such as 19-21 and 25 with rotational symmetry are formed with high regioselectivity. These addition patterns are avoided if cyclo-[n]-malonates containing alkyl chains of different lengths are employed. In this case adducts such as 26 and 27 with C(s)-symmetry are formed. The use of the chiral cyclo-[3]-malonate 28 allows for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of the enantiomerically pure e,e,e-trisadducts 29 and 30 containing an inherently chiral addition pattern with C(3)-symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hirsch
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Nakamura E, Isobe H. Functionalized fullerenes in water. The first 10 years of their chemistry, biology, and nanoscience. Acc Chem Res 2003; 36:807-15. [PMID: 14622027 DOI: 10.1021/ar030027y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are entirely insoluble in water, but suitable functionalization makes the molecules soluble. Studies on water-soluble fullerene derivatives led to the discovery of the interaction of organofullerenes with DNA, proteins, and living cells, which was first reported in the summer of 1993. Subsequent studies have revealed interesting biological activity aspects of organofullerenes owing to their photochemistry, radical quenching, and hydrophobicity to form one- to three-dimensional supramolecular complexes. In these areas of research, synthetic organic chemistry has played an important role in the creation of tailor-made molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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23
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Nakamura Y, O-kawa K, Nishimura J. Biscycloaddition to [60]Fullerene: Regioselectivity and Its Control with Templates. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Nakamura M, Isobe H, Nakamura E. Cyclopropenone acetals-synthesis and reactions. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1295-326. [PMID: 12683784 DOI: 10.1021/cr0100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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25
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Isobe H, Tomita N, Jinno S, Okayama H, Nakamura E. Synthesis and Transfection Capability of Multi-Functionalized Fullerene Polyamine. CHEM LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2001.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Kordatos K, Bosi S, Da Ros T, Zambon A, Lucchini V, Prato M. Isolation and characterization of all eight bisadducts of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2802-8. [PMID: 11304204 DOI: 10.1021/jo001708z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of bisadducts of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives. The compounds were characterized by means of a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including ES-MS, UV-vis, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR. The whole series of bisadducts was separated for the first time in the case of the bispyrrolidines, and the determination of their structure was obtained by NMR spectroscopy with the help of HMQC and HMBC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kordatos
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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27
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Nakamura E, Isobe H, Tomita N, Sawamura M, Jinno S, Okayama H. Functionalized Fullerene as an Artificial Vector for Transfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001201)112:23<4424::aid-ange4424>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Nakamura E, Isobe H, Tomita N, Sawamura M, Jinno S, Okayama H. Functionalized Fullerene as an Artificial Vector for Transfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4254-4257. [PMID: 29711931 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001201)39:23<4254::aid-anie4254>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2000] [Revised: 08/24/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Fax: (+81) 3-5800-6889
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Fax: (+81) 3-5800-6889
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Fax: (+81) 3-5800-6889
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, Fax: (+81) 3-5800-6889
| | - Shigeki Jinno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroto Okayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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29
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Irngartinger H, Weber A, Escher T. Photooxidation and Intramolecular Reaction of the Anthryl Moiety in [60]Fullerene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200004)2000:8<1647::aid-ejoc1647>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohbayashi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Japan
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31
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32
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33
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Chuang SC, Santhosh KC, Lin CH, Wang SL, Cheng CH. Synthesis and Chemistry of Fullerene Derivatives Bearing Phosphorus Substituents. Unusual Reaction of Phosphines with Electron-Deficient Acetylenes and C(60). J Org Chem 1999; 64:6664-6669. [PMID: 11674669 DOI: 10.1021/jo9903813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique method to introduce phosphorus substituents onto C(60) is based on the reaction of phosphines with acetylenes and C(60). Treatment of C(60) with phosphines (PR(3)) and electron-deficient acetylenes (A) in toluene at ambient temperature gave fullerene derivatives (1, R = C(6)H(5) and A = MeO(2)CC&tbd1;CCO(2)Me; 2, R = C(6)D(5) and A = MeO(2)CC&tbd1;CCO(2)Me; 3, R = C(6)H(5) and A = EtO(2)CC&tbd1;CCO(2)Et; 4, R = p-CH(3)C(6)H(5) and A = MeO(2)CC&tbd1;CCO(2)Me; 6, R = C(6)H(5) and A = trans-MeO(2)CC&tbd1;CCH=CHCO(2)Me) consisting of a phosphorus ylide group and a cyclopropane ring on the fullerene moiety in good to excellent yields. The structures of these ylide derivatives are determined on the basis of their spectral data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. All these ylides show temperature-dependent NMR spectra that can be rationalized on the basis of interchange between two Z,E isomers and restricted rotation of the substituents on the fullerene moiety. Based on the known chemistry of phosphines and acetylenes, we propose a mechanism to account for the formation of these ylide derivatives. Phosphine ylides 1 and 4 readily undergo protonation and decarboxylation in the presence of acid to give phosphonium salts 7 and 8, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
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Qian W, Rubin Y. Auf dem Weg zur vollständigen Kontrolle der sechsfachen Funktionalisierung von Buckminsterfulleren (C60) an oktaedrischen Positionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990816)111:16<2504::aid-ange2504>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Isobe H, Sawamura M, Nakamura E. Optical Resolution of Chirally Functionalized [60]Fullerene Through Formation of Diastereomeric Methoxyphenylacetic Acid Esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/10641229909351358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Diederich F, Kessinger R. Templated Regioselective and Stereoselective Synthesis in Fullerene Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ar970321o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kessinger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ishi-I T, Nakashima K, Shinkai S, Ikeda A. Saccharide Libraries as Potential Templates for Regio- and Chiroselective Introduction of Two Functional Groups into [60]Fullerene. J Org Chem 1999; 64:984-990. [PMID: 11674173 DOI: 10.1021/jo9822277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports regio- and chiroselective introduction of two boronic acid groups into [60]fullerene controlled by a saccharide used as a template molecule. The double [4+2] cycloadditions between [60]fullerene and 1:2 saccharide-boronic acid complexes 6-9 afforded [60]fullerene-bisadducts 12. Their structures were identified on the basis of (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV-vis, and CD spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chiral HPLC analysis. When 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (4) was used as the template molecule, high regioselectivity was achieved which gave trans-4 isomer 12a as a main isomer in 72.5% yield. The chiro- as well as regioselective preparation of e isomer 12c was attained in 81.4% ee from the 55.7% yield racemic mixture by the reaction using the D-mannitol-3,4-carbonate template (3). When the enantiomers, D-threitol (D-2) and L-threitol (L-2) were used as the templates, cis-3 isomers 12b and ent-12b with opposite chirality were yielded in 44.2 and 45.2% ee, respectively. On the other hand, 1-O-methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside template (5) featured nonselective cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ishi-I
- Chemotransfiguration Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 2432 Aikawa, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, 812-8581, Japan
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Hsiao TY, Chidambareswaran SK, Cheng CH, Hsiao TY, Chidambareswaran SK, Cheng CH. Novel Bismethanofullerenes and Ethenofullerenes from the Reaction of Propiolates with C60 in the Presence of TriphenylphosphineNovel Bismethanofullerenes and Ethenofullerene from the Reaction of Propiolates with C60 in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9849907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tsung-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
| | | | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
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Hsiao TY, Chidambareswaran SK, Cheng CH. Novel Bismethanofullerenes and Ethenofullerene from the Reaction of Propiolates with C(60) in the Presence of Triphenylphosphine. J Org Chem 1998; 63:6119-6122. [PMID: 11672238 DOI: 10.1021/jo972344m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl propiolate reacts with C(60) in the presence of triphenylphosphine in toluene to give a bismethanofullerene 2. Compound 2 is an adduct of two methyl propiolate units to a C(60) moiety and consists of two methano bridges across two 6,6-ring junctions of the same six-membered ring on the fullerene moiety. Similarly, ethyl propiolate reacts with C(60) in the presence of PPh(3) to yield bismethanofullerene 3. Detailed analysis of the products from the reaction of methyl propiolate with C(60) shows, in addition to 2 and C(60), an ethenofullerene 4 and an unidentified insoluble material were isolated. Compound 4, which may be viewed as a [2 + 2] cycloaddition adduct of C(60) and methyl propiolate, consists of a cyclobutene ring fused to the carbons on a 6,6-ring junction of the C(60) moiety. On the basis of the known chemistry of phosphine with electron-withdrawing alkynes and C(60), mechanisms are proposed to account for the formation of the bismethanofullerenes 2 and 3 and ethenofullerene 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
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Bourgeois JP, Echegoyen L, Fibbioli M, Pretsch E, Diederich F. Regioselektive, durch einen Kronenether- Spacer kontrollierte Synthese vontrans-1- Fulleren-Bisaddukten: Alkalimetallionen- abhängige Redoxeigenschaften von Fulleren-Kronenether-Konjugaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19980803)110:15<2203::aid-ange2203>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gromov A, Lebedkin S, Hull WE, Krätschmer W. Isomers of the Dimeric Fullerene C120O2. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980119i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Gromov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abt. Zentrale Spektroskopie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abt. Zentrale Spektroskopie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William E. Hull
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abt. Zentrale Spektroskopie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krätschmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Festkörperphysik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abt. Zentrale Spektroskopie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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