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Hu BC, Hu D, Li C, Xu XF, Wen Z, Wu MC. Near-perfect kinetic resolution of racemic p-chlorostyrene oxide by SlEH1, a novel epoxide hydrolase from Solanum lycopersicum with extremely high enantioselectivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:1213-1220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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2
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Serrano-Hervás E, Garcia-Borràs M, Osuna S. Exploring the origins of selectivity in soluble epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus megaterium. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8827-8835. [PMID: 29026902 PMCID: PMC5708342 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01847a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzymes catalyze the hydration of racemic epoxides to yield their corresponding vicinal diols. In this work, the Bacillus megaterium epoxide hydrolase (BmEH)-mediated hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide (rac-SO) and its para-nitro styrene oxide (rac-p-NSO) derivative are computationally investigated using density functional theory (DFT).
Epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzymes catalyze the hydration of racemic epoxides to yield their corresponding vicinal diols. These enzymes present different enantio- and regioselectivity depending upon either the substrate structure or the substitution pattern of the epoxide ring. In this study, we computationally investigate the Bacillus megaterium epoxide hydrolase (BmEH)-mediated hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide (rac-SO) and its para-nitro styrene oxide (rac-p-NSO) derivative using density functional theory (DFT) and an active site cluster model consisting of 195 and 197 atoms, respectively. Full reaction mechanisms for epoxide ring opening were evaluated considering the attack at both oxirane carbons and considering two possible orientations of the substrate at the BmEH active site. Our results indicate that for both SO and p-NSO substrates the BmEH enantio- and regioselectivity is opposite to the inherent (R)-BmEH selectivity, the attack at the benzylic position (C1) of the (S)-enantiomer being the most favoured chemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eila Serrano-Hervás
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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3
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Aratikatla EK, Valkute TR, Puri SK, Srivastava K, Bhattacharya AK. Norepinephrine alkaloids as antiplasmodial agents: Synthesis of syncarpamide and insight into the structure-activity relationships of its analogues as antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1089-1105. [PMID: 28763644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Syncarpamide 1, a norepinephrine alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum syncarpum (Rutaceae) exhibited promising antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium falciparum with reported IC50 values of 2.04 μM (D6 clone), 3.06 μM (W2 clone) and observed by us 3.90 μM (3D7 clone) and 2.56 μM (K1 clone). In continuation of our work on naturally occurring antimalarial compounds, synthesis of syncarpamide 1 and its enantiomer, (R)-2 using Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as a key step has been accomplished. In order to study structure-activity-relationship (SAR) in detail, a library of 55 compounds (3-57), which are analogues/homologues of syncarpamide 1 were synthesized by varying the substituents on the aromatic ring, by changing the stereocentre at the C-7 and/or by varying the acid groups in the ester and/or amide side chain based on the natural product lead molecule and further assayed in vitro against 3D7 and K1 strains of P. falciparum to evaluate their antiplasmodial activities. In order to study the effect of position of functional groups on antiplasmodial activity profile, a regioisomer (S)-58 of syncarpamide 1 was synthesized however, it turned out to be inactive against both the strains. Two compounds, (S)-41 and its enantiomer, (R)-42 having 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamoyl groups as side chains showed better antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 3.16, 2.28 μM (3D7) and 1.78, 2.07 μM (K1), respectively than the natural product, syncarpamide 1. Three compounds (S)-13, (S)-17, (S)-21 exhibited antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values of 6.39, 6.82, 6.41 μM against 3D7 strain, 4.27, 7.26, 2.71 μM against K1 strain and with CC50 values of 147.72, 153.0, >200 μM respectively. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity data of synthesized library suggests that the electron density and possibility of resonance in both the ester and amide side chains increases the antiplasmodial activity as compared to the parent natural product 1. The natural product syncarpamide 1 and four analogues/homologues out of the synthesized library of 55, (S)-41, (R)-42, (S)-55 and (S)-57 were assayed in vivo assay against chloroquine-resistant P. yoelii (N-67) strain of Plasmodium. However, none of the five molecules, 1, (S)-41, (R)-42, (S)-55 and (S)-57 exhibited any promising in vivo antimalarial activity against P. yoelii (N-67) strain. Compounds 4, 6, 7 and 11 showed high cytotoxicities with CC50 values of 5.87, 5.08, 6.44 and 14.04 μM, respectively. Compound 6 was found to be the most cytotoxic as compared to the standard drug, podophyllotoxin whereas compounds 4 and 7 showed comparable cytotoxicities to podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar K Aratikatla
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Tushar R Valkute
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Asish K Bhattacharya
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL, Pune, 411 008, India.
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4
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Pesci L, Kara S, Liese A. Evaluation of the Substrate Scope of Benzoic Acid (De)carboxylases According to Chemical and Biochemical Parameters. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1845-1850. [PMID: 27505856 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic carboxylation of phenolic compounds has been attracting increasing interest in recent years, owing to its regioselectivity and technical potential as a biocatalytic equivalent for the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. Mechanistically the reaction was demonstrated to occur through electrophilic aromatic substitution/water elimination with bicarbonate as a cosubstrate. The effects of the substituents on the phenolic ring have not yet been elucidated in detail, but this would give detailed insight into the substrate-activity relationship and would provide predictability for the acceptance of future substrates. In this report we show how the kinetic and (apparent) thermodynamic behavior can be explained through the evaluation of linear free energy relationships based on electronic, steric, and geometric parameters and through the consideration of enzyme-ligand interactions. Moreover, the similarity between the benzoic acid decarboxylases and the amidohydrolases superfamily is investigated, and promiscuous hydrolytic activity of the decarboxylase in the context of the hydrolysis of an activated ester bond has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pesci
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liese
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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Santi C, Di Lorenzo R, Tidei C, Bagnoli L, Wirth T. Stereoselective selenium catalyzed dihydroxylation and hydroxymethoxylation of alkenes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Zhao J, Chu YY, Li AT, Ju X, Kong XD, Pan J, Tang Y, Xu JH. An Unusual (R)-Selective Epoxide Hydrolase with High Activity for Facile Preparation of Enantiopure Glycidyl Ethers. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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González-Pérez M, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Pérez-Prior MT, Manso JA, Céspedes-Camacho IF, Calle E, Casado J. Reactivity of p-nitrostyrene oxide as an alkylating agent. A kinetic approach to biomimetic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7016-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Biotechnological production of enantiopure epoxides by enzymatic kinetic resolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:239-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Sarma K, Goswami A, Goswami BC. Exploration of chiral induction on epoxides in lipase-catalyzed epoxidation of alkenes using (2R,3S,4R,5S)-(–)-2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidiene-2-keto-l-gulonic acid monohydrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Sarma K, Bhati N, Borthakur N, Goswami A. A novel method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides from styrene derivatives using chiral acids in presence of Pseudomonas lipase G6 [PSL G6] and hydrogen peroxide. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Yeates C, Smit M, Botes A, Breytenbach J, Krieg H. Optimisation of the biocatalytic resolution of styrene oxide by whole cells of Rhodotorula glutinis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Chiappe C, Leandri E, Hammock BD, Morisseau C. Effect of ionic liquids on epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed synthesis of chiral 1,2-diols. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2007; 2007:162-168. [PMID: 18160974 PMCID: PMC2153531 DOI: 10.1039/b612106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) offer new possibilities for epoxide hydrolase (EH) catalyzed resolution of epoxides and for synthesis of chiral 1,2-diols. Soluble EHs from cress and mouse (csEH and msEH) and microsomal EH from rat (rmEH) were tested in several ILs. For all the enzymes tested, higher enantioselectivities were obtained in [bmim][N(Tf)(2)] and [bmim][PF(6)]. The optimized amount of water for EH activity in these ILs was established. Classical problems arising from low solubility of epoxides in water or from the high tendency of the oxirane ring to undergo chemical hydrolysis were avoided using these new media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Chiappe
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: ; Fax: +39 50 2219660; Tel: +39 50 2219669
| | - Elsa Leandri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: ; Fax: +39 50 2219660; Tel: +39 50 2219669
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. E-mail:
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology & Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. E-mail:
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13
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Sello G, Orsini F, Bernasconi S, Gennaro PD. Synthesis of enantiopure 2-amino-1-phenyl and 2-amino-2-phenyl ethanols using enantioselective enzymatic epoxidation and regio- and diastereoselective chemical aminolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Goeddel D, Shu L, Yuan Y, Wong OA, Wang B, Shi Y. Effective Asymmetric Epoxidation of Styrenes by Chiral Dioxirane. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1715-7. [PMID: 16468831 DOI: 10.1021/jo0520285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High enantioselectivity (80-92% enantiomeric excess (ee)) has been obtained for the epoxidation of various styrenes using an easily prepared ketone (4) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goeddel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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15
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Production of chiral epoxides: Epoxide hydrolase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Blée E, Summerer S, Flenet M, Rogniaux H, Van Dorsselaer A, Schuber F. Soybean epoxide hydrolase: identification of the catalytic residues and probing of the reaction mechanism with secondary kinetic isotope effects. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:6479-87. [PMID: 15596432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411366200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean epoxide hydrolase catalyzes the oxirane ring opening of 9,10-epoxystearate via a two-step mechanism involving the formation of an alkylenzyme intermediate, which, in contrast to most epoxide hydrolases studied so far, was found to be the rate-limiting step. We have probed residues potentially involved in catalysis by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of His(320), a residue predicted from sequence analysis to belong to the catalytic triad of the enzyme, considerably slowed down the second half-reaction. This kinetic manipulation provoked an accumulation of the reaction intermediate, which could be trapped and characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. As expected, mutation of Asp(126) totally abolished the activity of the enzyme from its crucial function as nucleophile involved in the formation of the alkylenzyme. In line with its role as the partner of His(320) in the "charge relay system," mutation of Asp(285) dramatically reduced the rate of catalysis. However, the mutant D285L still exhibited a very low residual activity, which, by structural analysis and mutagenesis, has been tentatively attributed to Glu(195), another acidic residue of the active site. Our studies have also confirmed the fundamental role of the conserved Tyr(175) and Tyr(255) residues, which are believed to activate the oxirane ring. Finally, we have determined the secondary tritium kinetic isotope effects on the epoxide opening step of 9,10-epoxystearate. The large observed values, i.e. (T)(V/K(m)) approximately 1.30, can be interpreted by the occurrence of a very late transition state in which the epoxide bond is broken before the nucleophilic attack by Asp(126) takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Blée
- Laboratoire des Phytooxylipines, IBMP-CNRS-UPR 2357, 28-Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, 67083 Cedex, France
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17
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure 1,2-diols employing immobilized lipase in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Nakamura S, Ito Y, Toru T. Enantioselective reaction of α-lithiated thiazolidines as new chiral formyl anion equivalents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hickey M, Goeddel D, Crane Z, Shi Y. Highly enantioselective epoxidation of styrenes: implication of an electronic effect on the competition between spiro and planar transition states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:5794-8. [PMID: 15069190 PMCID: PMC395987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307548101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric epoxidation of various styrenes using carbocyclic oxazolidinone-containing ketone 3 has been investigated. High enantioselectivity (89-93% enantiomeric excess) has been attained for this challenging class of alkenes. Mechanistic studies show that substituents on the ketone catalyst can have electronic influences on secondary orbital interactions, which affects the competition between spiro and planar transition states and, ultimately, enantioselectivity. The results described herein not only reveal the potential of chiral dioxirane catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation as a viable entry into this important class of olefins but also further enhance the understanding of the mechanistic aspects of chiral ketone-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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20
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Biocatalysis in ionic liquids: the stereoconvergent hydrolysis of trans-β-methylstyrene oxide catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Kamal A, Sandbhor M, Ahmed K, Adil S, Shaik AA. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure terminal 1,2-diols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Epoxides are attractive intermediates for producing chiral compounds. Important biocatalytic reactions involving epoxides include epoxide hydrolase mediated kinetic resolution, leading to the formation of diols and enantiopure remaining substrates, and enantioconvergent enzymatic hydrolysis, which gives high yields of a single enantiomer from racemic mixtures. Epoxides can also be converted by non-hydrolytic enantioselective ring opening, using alternative anionic nucleophiles; these reactions can be catalysed by haloalcohol dehalogenases. The differences in scope of these enzymatic conversions is related to their different catalytic mechanisms, which involve, respectively, covalent catalysis with an aspartate carboxylate as the nucleophile and non-covalent catalysis with a tyrosine that acts as a general acid-base. The emerging new possibilities for enantioselective biocatalytic conversion of epoxides suggests that their importance in green chemistry will grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Facile Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,2-Diols and Terminal Epoxides from Chiral β-Hydroxy Sulfides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.7.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Bhatnagar T, Manoj KM, Baratti JC. A spectrophotometric method to assay epoxide hydrolase activity. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 50:1-13. [PMID: 11714507 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase activity was assayed by spectrophotometric using (rac) p-nitrostryrene oxide (pNSO) as substrate. Both the substrate (pNSO) and the reaction product, p-nitrostryrene diol (pNSD), had a strong absorbance in UV at 280 nm. The assay was based on the measure of the pNSD absorbance of the water phase after extraction of the non-reacted pNSO with a solvent. Among the five solvents tested, chloroform was selected since it extracted more than 99% of the epoxide and only 32% of the produced diol. This extraction yield was independent of the diol and epoxide concentrations and it was fairly reproducible. Using different enzyme amounts, the reaction kinetics were linear for the first 10 min corresponding to degrees of conversion less than 5% for the epoxide. Two controls were run simultaneously, one with the substrate alone (epoxide hydrolysis and non-complete extraction) and one with the enzyme alone (enzyme absorbance at 280 nm). The resulting DeltaOD/min was linear with the amount of enzyme added within a large range from 2 to 80 microg of the EH preparation. The new spectrophotometric assay correlates well with the previous HPLC assay and could be used routinely for an easy and fast evaluation of EH activity. The kinetic parameters of (rac) pNSO hydrolysis by A. niger epoxide hydrolase could be easily determined and K(M) (1.1 mM) compared well with that previously reported (1.0 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bhatnagar
- Biocatalyse et Chimie Fine, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, case 901, 13288 cedex 9, Marseille, France
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Abstract
[see reaction]. This paper describes an enantioselective epoxidation of terminal olefins using chiral ketone 3 as catalyst and Oxone as oxidant. Up to 85% ee has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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26
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Williamson KC, Morisseau C, Maxwell JE, Hammock BD. Regio- and enantioselective hydrolysis of phenyloxiranes catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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The anomalous course of the microsomal transformation of the exo-2,3-epoxides of norbornene and norbornadiene. The possible involvement of a general acid activation during the enzymatic hydrolysis of these oxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Rink R, Kingma J, Lutje Spelberg JH, Janssen DB. Tyrosine residues serve as proton donor in the catalytic mechanism of epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter. Biochemistry 2000; 39:5600-13. [PMID: 10820034 DOI: 10.1021/bi9922392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter catalyzes the hydrolysis of epoxides to their diols via an alkyl-enzyme intermediate. The recently solved X-ray structure of the enzyme shows that two tyrosine residues (Tyr152 and Tyr215) are positioned close to the nucleophile Asp107 in such a way that they can serve as proton donor in the alkylation reaction step. The role of these tyrosines, which are conserved in other epoxide hydrolases, was studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of Tyr215 to Phe and Ala and mutation of Tyr152 to Phe resulted in mutant enzymes of which the k(cat) values were only 2-4-fold lower than for wild-type enzyme, whereas the K(m) values for the (R)-enantiomers of styrene oxide and p-nitrostyrene oxide were 3 orders of magnitude higher than the K(m) values of wild-type enzyme, showing that the alkylation half-reaction is severely affected by the mutations. Pre-steady-state analysis of the conversion of (R)-styrene oxide by the Y215F and Y215A mutants showed that the 1000-fold elevated K(m) values were mainly caused by a 15-40-fold increase in K(S) and a 20-fold reduction in the rate of alkylation. The rates of hydrolysis of the alkyl-enzyme intermediates were not significantly affected by the mutations. The double mutant Y152F+Y215F showed only a low residual activity for (R)-styrene oxide, with a k(cat)/K(m) value that was 6 orders of magnitude lower than with wild-type enzyme and 3 orders of magnitude lower than with the single tyrosine mutants. This indicates that the effects of the mutations were cumulative. The side chain of Gln134 is positioned in the active site of the X-ray structure of epoxide hydrolase. Mutation of Gln134 to Ala resulted in an active enzyme with slightly altered steady-state kinetic parameters compared to wild-type enzyme, indicating that Gln134 is not essential for catalysis and that the side chain of Gln134 mimics bound substrate. Based upon this observation, the inhibitory potential of various unsubstituted amides was tested, resulting in the identification of phenylacetamide as a competitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant of 30 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rink
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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van der Werf MJ, de Bont JA, Swarts HJ. Acid-catalyzed enzymatic hydrolysis of 1-methylcyclohexene oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chiappe C, Palese CD. Stereo- and enantioselectivity of the soluble epoxide hydrolase-catalysed hydrolysis of (±)-cis-dialkyl substituted oxiranes. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rink R, Lutje Spelberg JH, Pieters RJ, Kingma J, Nardini M, Kellogg RM, Dijkstra BW, Janssen DB. Mutation of Tyrosine Residues Involved in the Alkylation Half Reaction of Epoxide Hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 Results in Improved Enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990501o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Rink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey H. Lutje Spelberg
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kingma
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Nardini
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Kellogg
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke W. Dijkstra
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cleij M, Archelas A, Furstoss R. Microbiological Transformations 43. Epoxide Hydrolases as Tools for the Synthesis of Enantiopure α-Methylstyrene Oxides: A New and Efficient Synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5029-5035. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982101+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cho BT, Chun YS. A practical method for synthesis of terminal 1,2-diols in high enantiomeric excess via oxazaborolidine-catalyzed asymmetric reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Orru RV, Archelas A, Furstoss R, Faber K. Epoxide hydrolases and their synthetic applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 63:145-67. [PMID: 9933984 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-69791-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral epoxides and 1,2-diols, which are central building blocks for the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive compounds, can be obtained by using enzymes--i.e. epoxide hydrolases--which catalyse the enantioselective hydrolysis of epoxides. These biocatalysis have recently been found to be more widely distributed in fungi and bacteria than previously expected. Sufficient sources from bacteria, such as Rhodococcus and Nocardia spp., or fungi, as for instance Aspergillus and Beauveria spp., have now been identified. The reaction proceeds via an SN2-specific opening of the epoxide, leading to the formation of the corresponding trans-configured 1,2-diol. For the resolution of racemic monosubstituted and 2,2- or 2,3-disubstituted substrates, various fungi and bacteria have been shown to possess excellent enantioselectivities. Additionally, different methods, which lead to the formation of the optically pure product diol in a chemical yield far beyond the 50% mark (which is intrinsic to classic kinetic resolutions), are discussed. In addition, the use of non-natural nucleophiles such as azides or amines provides access to enantiomerically enriched vicinal azido- and amino-alcohols. The synthetic potential of these enzymes for asymmetric synthesis is illustrated with recent examples, describing the preparation of some biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Orru
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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