1
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Borger M, Frederich JH. Pyridazine N-Oxides as Precursors to 2-Aminofurans: Scope and Limitations in Complexity Building Cascade Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 21:2397-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - James H. Frederich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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2
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Takikawa H, Nishii A, Sakai T, Suzuki K. Aryne-based strategy in the total synthesis of naturally occurring polycyclic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8030-8056. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review has outlined the strategies and tactics of using arynes in the total syntheses of polycyclic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Arata Nishii
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakai
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
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3
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Garlets ZJ, White DR, Wolfe JP. Recent Developments in Pd(0)-Catalyzed Alkene Carboheterofunctionalization Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017; 6:636-653. [PMID: 29130026 PMCID: PMC5675590 DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in palladium-catalyzed alkene carboalkoxylation and carboamination reactions. New synthetic methods that have been reported in the past four years are described, along with mechanistic issues and the influence of mechanism on product stereochemistry. The applications of these transformations to the synthesis of natural products and other biologically relevant compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Garlets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Derick R. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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4
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Rafiee F. Synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physic-chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak Tehran Iran
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5
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Zhou T, Wang Y, Li B, Wang B. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of 3-(Indolin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with Alkynes and Alkenes through C–H Activation. Org Lett 2016; 18:5066-5069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baiquan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Weinstein AB, Ellman JA. Convergent Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles via Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Conjugate Addition/Cyclization Reactions. Org Lett 2016; 18:3294-7. [PMID: 27337641 PMCID: PMC4973575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H conjugate addition/cyclization reactions that provide access to synthetically useful fused bi- and tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles is reported. A broad scope of C-H functionalization substrates and electrophilic olefin coupling partners is effective, and depending on the nature of the directing group, cyclic imide, amide, or heteroaromatic products are obtained. An efficient synthesis of a pyrrolophenanthridine alkaloid natural product, oxoassoanine, highlights the utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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7
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8
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Yedage SL, Bhanage BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Deaminative Phenanthridinone Synthesis from Aniline via C–H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4103-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash L. Yedage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019, India
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9
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Giardinetti M, Moreau X, Coeffard V, Greck C. Aminocatalyzed Cascade Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,7-Annulated Indoles from Indole-7-Carbaldehyde Derivatives and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Young JM, Lee AG, Chandrasekaran RY, Tucker JW. The Synthesis of Alkyl and (Hetero)aryl Sulfonamides From Sulfamoyl Inner Salts. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8417-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Young
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aisha G. Lee
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ramalakshmi Y. Chandrasekaran
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joseph W. Tucker
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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11
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Li L, Chen JJ, Kan XL, Zhang L, Zhao YL, Liu Q. One-Pot Synthesis of Phenanthridinones by Using a Base-Catalyzed/Promoted Bicyclization of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Dimethyl Glutaconate. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Wang X, Tang H, Feng H, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhou B. Access to Six- and Seven-Membered 1,7-Fused Indolines via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral C7-Selective C–H Functionalization of Indolines with Alkynes and Alkenes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6238-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huijin Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia
Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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13
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Yang Y, Huang H, Wu L, liang Y. Palladium-catalyzed annulation of benzynes with N-substituted-N-(2-halophenyl)formamides: synthesis of phenanthridinones. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5351-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Pimparkar S, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of benzamides with arynes: application to the synthesis of phenaglydon and N-methylcrinasiadine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12116-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl or methoxy substituted benzamides reacted with benzynes in the presence of a palladium catalyst, yielding tricyclic N-methyl or N-methoxy substituted phenanthridinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411021, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411021, India
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15
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De S, Mishra S, Kakde BN, Dey D, Bisai A. Expeditious Approach to Pyrrolophenanthridones, Phenanthridines, and Benzo[c]phenanthridines via Organocatalytic Direct Biaryl-Coupling Promoted by Potassium tert-Butoxide. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7823-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Sourabh Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Badrinath N. Kakde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Dhananjay Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal MP-462
023, India
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16
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Kim HS, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Convergent Total Syntheses of the Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Lycoranine A, Lycoranine B, and 2-Methoxypratosine. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5103-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4006987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced
Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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17
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Padwa A, Flick AC. Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Furans (IMDAF) for Natural Product Synthesis. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408100-0.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Lu C, Dubrovskiy AV, Larock RC. Palladium-catalyzed annulation of arynes by o-halobenzamides: synthesis of phenanthridinones. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8648-56. [PMID: 23013049 PMCID: PMC3490708 DOI: 10.1021/jo3016192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed annulation of arynes by substituted o-halobenzamides produces N-substituted phenanthridinones in good yields. This methodology provides this important heterocyclic ring system in a single step by simultaneous C-C and C-N bond formation, under relatively mild reaction conditions, and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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19
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Miki Y, Umemoto H, Dohshita M, Hamamoto H. Synthesis of pyrrolophenanthridone alkaloid kalbretorine from indolecarboxylic acids via hypervalent iodine(III) mediated halodecarboxylation and reduction. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Sridharan V, Suryavanshi PA, Menéndez JC. Advances in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2011; 111:7157-259. [PMID: 21830756 DOI: 10.1021/cr100307m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Aoyama H, Sugita K, Nakamura M, Aoyama A, Salim MTA, Okamoto M, Baba M, Hashimoto Y. Fused heterocyclic amido compounds as anti-hepatitis C virus agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2675-87. [PMID: 21458278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We identified a fused heteroaromatic amido structure based on the phenanthridine skeleton as a superior scaffold for candidate drugs with potent anti-HCV activity. Among the compounds synthesized, a phenanthridine analogue with a 1,3-dioxolyl group (24) possessed the most potent anti-HCV activity (EC(50) value: 50 nM), with acceptable cytotoxicity. The structural development and structure-activity relationships of these compounds are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Miki Y, Umemoto H, Dohshita M, Hamamoto H. Simple Synthesis of Pratosine and Hippadine by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization and Decarboxylation. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Kumar-Patti R, Duan S, Camacho-Davila A, Waynant K, Dunn KA, Herndon JW. Synthesis of hydronaphthalenes through coupling of enyne carbonyl compounds that contain pendant alkene groups with Fischer carbene complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:3682-3684. [PMID: 20548964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of enyne carbonyl compounds that contain pendant alkene groups with Fischer carbene complexes to afford furans that contain pendant alkene groups is described. Subsequent intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions are effective in select cases, resulting in hydronaphthalene systems after dehydration. Although the Diels-Alder event is thermodynamically unfavorable, the overall transformation of alkene-furans to dihydronaphthalenes is a favorable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar-Patti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
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24
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Biechy A, Hachisu S, Quiclet-Sire B, Ricard L, Zard SZ. Application of an amidyl radical cascade to the total synthesis of (±)-fortucine leading to the structural revision of kirkine. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Larouche-Gauthier R, Bélanger G. Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Alkaloid Securinol B Using a Cascade of Vilsmeier−Haack and Mannich Cyclizations. Org Lett 2008; 10:4501-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801705s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Larouche-Gauthier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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26
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Alig L, Alsenz J, Andjelkovic M, Bendels S, Bénardeau A, Bleicher K, Bourson A, David-Pierson P, Guba W, Hildbrand S, Kube D, Lübbers T, Mayweg AV, Narquizian R, Neidhart W, Nettekoven M, Plancher JM, Rocha C, Rogers-Evans M, Röver S, Schneider G, Taylor S, Waldmeier P. Benzodioxoles: novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists for the treatment of obesity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2115-27. [PMID: 18335976 DOI: 10.1021/jm701487t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of the evolutionary fragment-based de novo design tool TOPology Assigning System (TOPAS), starting from a known CB1R (CB-1 receptor) ligand, followed by further refinement principles, including pharmacophore compliance, chemical tractability, and drug likeness, allowed the identification of benzodioxoles as a novel CB1R inverse agonist series. Extensive multidimensional optimization was rewarded by the identification of promising lead compounds, showing in vivo activity. These compounds reversed the CP-55940-induced hypothermia in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and reduced body-weight gain, as well as fat mass, in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Herein, we disclose the tools and strategies that were employed for rapid hit identification, synthesis and generation of structure-activity relationships, ultimately leading to the identification of (+)-[( R)-2-(2,4-dichloride-phenyl)-6-fluoro-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl]-morpholin-4-yl-methanone ( R)-14g . Biochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ( R)-14g are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Alig
- Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Abstract
Sequential transformations enable the facile synthesis of complex target molecules from simple building blocks in a single preparative step. Their value is amplified if they also create multiple stereogenic centers. In the ongoing search for new domino processes, emphasis is usually placed on sequential reactions which occur cleanly and without forming by-products. As a prerequisite for an ideally proceeding one-pot sequential transformation, the reactivity pattern of all participating components has to be such that each building block gets involved in a reaction only when it is supposed to do so. The development of sequences that combine transformations of fundamentally different mechanisms broadens the scope of such procedures in synthetic chemistry. This mini review contains a representative sampling from the last 15 years on the kinds of reactions that have been sequenced into cascades to produce heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322
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28
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Bur SK, Padwa A. The Synthesis of Heterocycles Using Cascade Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 94 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)94001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Bowman WR, Storey JMD. Synthesis using aromatic homolytic substitution—recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1803-22. [PMID: 18213987 DOI: 10.1039/b605183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Russell Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicester, UK.
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30
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Takao KI, Munakata R, Tadano KI. Recent advances in natural product synthesis by using intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. Chem Rev 2006; 105:4779-807. [PMID: 16351062 DOI: 10.1021/cr040632u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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31
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2-Aminofurans and 3-Aminofurans. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(06)92001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Padwa A, Bur SK, Zhang H. Sequential Aminodiene Diels−Alder Approach to the Ergoline Skeleton. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6833-41. [PMID: 16095303 DOI: 10.1021/jo0508797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Through a novel sequence of aminodiene Diels-Alder reactions, several substituted amidofurans were readily converted to tricyclic ketones in good yield. The formation of the tricyclic ketone system is the result of a ring opening and dehydration of a transient oxabicyclic adduct formed by an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of an amidofuran with a cyclohexenone moiety tethered such that it participates in the cycloaddition as the 2pi component. A convenient way to construct the cyclohexenone is to make use of some aminodiene chemistry developed by Rawal. An angular carbomethoxy group is required in order to activate the olefin toward cycloaddition with Rawal's diene. The presence of this activating group not only prevents the isomerization of the advanced ergoline intermediate to a naphthalene but can also be leveraged for an oxidation to provide Uhle's ketone (13). The easily formed Kornfeld ketone analogue 25 was readily transformed into the corresponding triflate 41 by the action of triflic anhydride and a base. Oxidative addition of vinyl triflate 41 to Pd(0) and the ability of the resulting vinyl palladium species to undergo cross-coupling with terminal alkynes prompted us to devise an expeditious route to lysergic acid. Unfortunately, our inability to carry out a regioselective Heck reaction using vinyl triflate 41 and the methylene amino acrylate ester 48 thwarted the completion of the synthesis of lysergic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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33
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Padwa A, Ginn JD. Studies on the Synthesis of (±)-Stenine: A Combined Intramolecular [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Cascade. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5197-206. [PMID: 15960524 DOI: 10.1021/jo050515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several cyclic 2-(methylthio)-5-amidofurans containing tethered unsaturation were prepared via the reaction of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMSTF) with beta-alkoxy-gamma-dithiane lactams. Thermolysis of these furans resulted in an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (IMDAF). The resulting oxa-bridge cycloadducts underwent a subsequent 1,2-methylthio shift to form tricyclic lactams in high yield. Furan 9, annealed to an azepine ring, underwent the IMDAF reaction at or below room temperature. Conformational effects imposed by the placement of a carbonyl group within the tether, combined with a rotational bias about the C(2)-N bond, enhances the rate of the IMDAF reaction of the seven-ring system so that it occurs readily at 25 degrees C. The feasibility of using the cascade sequence in the context of a total synthesis of the Stemona alkaloid (+/-)-stenine was explored. The eventual synthesis of (+/-)-stenine was carried out by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a 2-amido-5-methylthio-substituted furan containing a trans-pent-3-enoic acid methyl ester side chain in order to create the desired azepinoindole skeleton. This was followed by a series of reductions to set the syn-anti stereochemical relationship at the incipient ring fusion sites present in stenine. All six stereocenters at the azepinoindole core were derived in high stereoselectivity from the functionality present in the rearranged cycloadduct 10. Compound 10 was converted to stenine in 11 additional steps via a sequence that features a Crabtree's-catalyst directed hydrogenation, iodolactonization, and a Keck allylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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34
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Padwa A, Lynch SM, Mejía-Oneto JM, Zhang H. Cycloaddition Chemistry of 2-Vinyl-Substituted Indoles and Related Heteroaromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2206-18. [PMID: 15760207 DOI: 10.1021/jo047834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction (IMDAF) of several N-phenylsulfonylindolyl-substituted furanyl carbamates containing a tethered pi-bond on the indole ring were examined as an approach to the iboga alkaloid catharanthine. Only in the case where the tethered pi-bond contained two carbomethoxy groups did the [4 + 2]-cycloaddition occur. Push-pull dipoles generated from the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of diazo imides, on the other hand, undergo successful intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition across both alkenyl and heteroaromatic pi-bonds to provide novel pentacyclic compounds in good yield and in a stereocontrolled fashion. The facility of the cycloaddition was found to be critically dependent on conformational factors in the transition state. Ligand substitution in the rhodium(II) catalyst markedly altered the product ratio between [3 + 2]-cycloaddition and intramolecular C-H insertion. The variation in reactivity reflects the difference in electrophilicity between the various rhodium carbenoid intermediates. Intramolecular C-H insertion is enhanced with the more electrophilic carbene generated using Rh(II) perfluorobutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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35
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Application of a catalytic palladium biaryl synthesis reaction, via C–H functionalization, to the total synthesis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Milkiewicz KL, Neagu IB, Parks DJ, Lu T. Synthesis of a novel series of 10-oxa-3-aza-tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-8-en-4-ones through an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Padwa A, Crawford KR, Rashatasakhon P, Rose M. Several convenient methods for the synthesis of 2-amido substituted furans. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2609-17. [PMID: 12662029 DOI: 10.1021/jo026757l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several new methods for the synthesis of differently substituted 2-amidofurans are described. The thermolysis of furan-2-carbonyl azide results in a Curtius rearrangement and the resulting furanyl isocyanate was trapped with various organometallic reagents. A second method consists of a C-N cross-coupling reaction of a bromo-substituted furan with various amides, carbamates, and lactams. The CuI-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between furanyl bromides and amides furnished 2- and 3-substituted amidofurans in 45-95% yield. The third protocol used involves the reaction of cyclic carbinol amides with triflic anhydride. The reaction proceeds under very mild conditions to provide alpha-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonamido-substituted furans in high yield. The resulting iminium ion derived from the reaction of the hydroxy pyrrolidinone with Tf(2)O undergoes a facile ring opening as a consequence of the adjacent hydroxyl group to produce an imino triflate intermediate. Subsequent cyclization of this highly electrophilic imine with the oxygen atom of the adjacent carbonyl group leads to an imino dihydrofuran that reacts further with another equivalent of Tf(2)O to give the observed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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38
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Zhang W, Pugh G. Free radical reactions for heterocycle synthesis. Part 6: 2-Bromobenzoic acids as building blocks in the construction of nitrogen heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Wolkenberg SE, Boger DL. Total synthesis of anhydrolycorinone utilizing sequential intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole. J Org Chem 2002; 67:7361-4. [PMID: 12375965 DOI: 10.1021/jo020437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A convergent total synthesis of anhydrolycorinone is detailed, enlisting sequential intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of a suitably substituted 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole defining a novel oxadiazole --> furan --> benzene Diels-Alder strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Wolkenberg
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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40
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Padwa A, Ginn JD, Bur SK, Eidell CK, Lynch SM. Synthesis of azapolycyclic systems via the intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry of 2-(alkylthio)-5-amidofurans. J Org Chem 2002; 67:3412-24. [PMID: 12003554 DOI: 10.1021/jo0111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(methylthio)-5-amidofurans containing tethered unsaturation were prepared via the reaction of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF) with beta-alkoxy-gamma-dithiane amides 13-16 and 27-32 in 40-70% yield. Thermolysis of these furans resulted in an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (IMDAF). With the exception of 45 and 46, the oxa-bridged cycloadducts could not be isolated but immediately underwent a 1,2-methylthio shift to form bicyclic lactams in 60-100% yield. It was determined that incorporation of the amido carbonyl in the tether allowed the IMDAF reaction to proceed at a lower temperature. A dramatic example of this is seen in the IMDAF reaction of furan 35, in which the presence of an amido carbonyl as part of the dienophile tether, as opposed to the annealed ring (66) or the lack of a carbonyl (67), was necessary for the cycloaddition to occur. Furan 37, annealed to an azepine ring, underwent the IMDAF reaction at or below room temperature. To identify structural features that promote the IMDAF reaction, a computational study was undertaken. Ground-state and transition-state energies were calculated for furans 17, 33, 37, and 64 using the Becke 3LYP/6-31G model. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those observed. The results indicate that the incorporation of an amide carbonyl as part of the tether system works to place the dienophile in closer proximity to the furan ring, thereby lowering the activation energy needed to reach the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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41
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Ginn JD, Padwa A. Total synthesis of (+/-)-stenine using the IMDAF cycloaddition of a 2-methylthio-5-amido-substituted furan. Org Lett 2002; 4:1515-7. [PMID: 11975617 DOI: 10.1021/ol025746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. The intramolecular [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of a 2-methylthio-5-amidofuran was used to create the azepinoindole skeleton present in the Stemona alkaloid stenine. The rearranged cycloadduct was converted to stenine (1) in 11 additional steps via a sequence that features a Crabtree catalyst directed hydrogenation (9-->10), iodolactonization (2-->11), and a Keck allylation (11-->12).
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Ginn
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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42
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43
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Padwa A, K. Eidell C, M. Lynch S. A New Construct of the cis-3a-Aryloctahydroindole Skeleton via the [4+2] Cycloaddition of Furanyl Carbamates. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-s(m)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Padwa A, Kissell WS, Eidell CK. Cyclizationcycloaddition cascades for the construction of azapolycyclic ring systems. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic 2-amidofuranones were obtained from the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of alpha-diazoketo substituted pyrrolidine derivatives. These compounds are derived by a [1,4]-hydrogen transfer from an initially formed carbonyl ylide dipole. Acylation of the amido-substituted furanone with pivalyl chloride provided a fused amidofuran, which underwent bimolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition with N-phenylmaleimide. The Rh(II)-catalyzed decomposition of ethyl 2-diazo-3-oxo-(2-oxo-1-pent-4-enoyl-pyrrolidine-3-yl)propionate was also examined. In this case, the alkenyl group tethered to the amido carbonyl underwent smooth intramolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition with the amidofuran obtained from the acylation reaction. An alternate route for the synthesis of cyclic amidofurans was developed using a Pummerer induced cyclization of the thiophenyl substituted acetal derived from the aldol reaction of methoxyphenylsulfanyl acetaldehyde with α-valerolactam. Treatment of the amido-substituted acetal with dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF) generated an oxonium ion, which readily cyclized onto the adjacent carbonyl group. The amidofuran that was formed underwent an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction when heated at 110°C in toluene. Subsequent ring opening of the transient [4+2]-cycloadduct followed by elimination of methanol and tautomerization of the resulting cyclohexadienone gave rise to the observed phenolic lactam in good overall yield.Key words: intramolecular, cyclization, Diels-Alder, diazo-ketoamide, rhodium(II).
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45
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Salgado N, Martínez-Alcázar M, Hernández-Cano F. An Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalised 4-Substituted 2-Azetidinones by a Stereoselective Intermolecular Diels−Alder Reaction of Different Types of 2-Azetidinone-Tethered Dienes. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200105)2001:10<2001::aid-ejoc2001>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Ghelfi F, Parsons A, Tommasini D, Mucci A. Intramolecular Diels−Alder Cycloaddition ofN-Allyl-N-(2-furylmethyl)amides − First Step of a New Route Towards the Synthesis of a Densely Functionalized Pyrrolizidine Ring. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200105)2001:10<1845::aid-ejoc1845>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Stark LM, Lin XF, Flippin LA. Total synthesis of Amaryllidaceae pyrrolophenanthridinium alkaloids via the Ziegler-Ullmann reaction: tortuosine, criasbetaine, and ungeremine. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3227-30. [PMID: 10814221 DOI: 10.1021/jo991902p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Stark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurobiology Unit, Roche Bioscience, 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1397, USA
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48
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Pedrosa R, Andrés C, Nieto J. A Short Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure Highly Substituted Tetrahydroepoxyisoindolines. J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jo991544q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celia Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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49
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50
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A new and convenient synthesis of 2-amidofurans using the Jacobi bis-heteroannulation method. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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