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Development of TfOH‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization by Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type 1,4‐Addition: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Unusual Proaporphine Alkaloid (±)‐Misrametine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202188. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Marton J, Fekete A, Cumming P, Hosztafi S, Mikecz P, Henriksen G. Diels-Alder Adducts of Morphinan-6,8-Dienes and Their Transformations. Molecules 2022; 27:2863. [PMID: 35566212 PMCID: PMC9102320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
6,14-ethenomorphinans are semisynthetic opiate derivatives containing an ethylene bridge between positions 6 and 14 in ring-C of the morphine skeleton that imparts a rigid molecular structure. These compounds represent an important family of opioid receptor ligands in which the 6,14-etheno bridged structural motif originates from a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of morphinan-6,8-dienes with dienophiles. Certain 6,14-ethenomorphinans having extremely high affinity for opioid receptors are often non-selective for opioid receptor subtypes, but this view is now undergoing some revision. The agonist 20R-etorphine and 20R-dihydroetorphine are several thousand times more potent analgesics than morphine, whereas diprenorphine is a high-affinity non-selective antagonist. The partial agonist buprenorphine is used as an analgesic in the management of post-operative pain or in substitution therapy for opiate addiction, sometimes in combination with the non-selective antagonist naloxone. In the context of the current opioid crisis, we communicated a summary of several decades of work toward generating opioid analgesics with lesser side effects or abuse potential. Our summary placed a focus on Diels-Alder reactions of morphinan-6,8-dienes and subsequent transformations of the cycloadducts. We also summarized the pharmacological aspects of radiolabeled 6,14-ethenomorphinans used in molecular imaging of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Marton
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds Biomedizinische Forschungsreagenzien GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, D-01454 Radeberg, Germany
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstraße 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis Medical University, Högyes Endre utca 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pál Mikecz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Gjermund Henriksen
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., Sognsvannsveien 20, N-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, N-0371 Oslo, Norway
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Ruda AM, Papadouli S, Thangavadivale V, Moseley JD. Application of the Polonovski Reaction: Scale-up of an Efficient and Environmentally Benign Opioid Demethylation. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Ruda
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
| | - Sofia Papadouli
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
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Lv J, Li ZH, Deng AJ, Qin HL. A unified total synthesis of benzo[ d][1,3]dioxole-type benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of aporphines, coptisines, and dibenzopyrrocolines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:658-666. [PMID: 34951439 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02258j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (S)-(+)-ovigerine, (S)-(+)-N-formylovigerine, and (6aS,6a'S)-(+)-ovigeridimerine of aporphine alkaloids with a benzo[d][1,3]dioxole structure feature was established. The strategy was based upon the well-known Pd-catalyzed arylation to set the aporphine framework, and Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation followed by diastereoselective resolution to achieve excellent enantioselectivity. By slightly modifying the total synthetic route and strategically combining it with a aza-Michael addition, Bischler-Napieralski reaction and N-arylation, this methodology was also applied to the total syntheses of benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-type benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of coptisines and dibenzopyrrocolines, including two impatiens, tetrahydrocoptisine, and quaternary coptisine bromide of coptisines and two dibenzopyrrocoline analogues, with the syntheses of all of these target compounds being efficient. Among the nine synthesized compounds, the total syntheses of the three aporphines and the two impatiens, all with ee values of greater than 99%, were reported for the first time. This work also represents the first unification of synthetic routes for the total synthesis of benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-type aporphines, coptisines, and dibenzopyrrocolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - An-Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Wicks C, Hudlicky T, Rinner U. Morphine alkaloids: History, biology, and synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:145-342. [PMID: 34565506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short overview of the history of morphine since it's isolation by Sertürner in 1805. The biosynthesis of the title alkaloid as well as all total and formal syntheses of morphine and codeine published after 1996 are discussed in detail. The last section of this chapter provides a detailed overview of medicinally relevant derivatives of the title alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wicks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Uwe Rinner
- IMC Fachhochschule Krems/IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria.
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Szűcs E, Marton J, Szabó Z, Hosztafi S, Kékesi G, Tuboly G, Bánki L, Horváth G, Szabó PT, Tömböly C, Varga ZK, Benyhe S, Ötvös F. Synthesis, biochemical, pharmacological characterization and in silico profile modelling of highly potent opioid orvinol and thevinol derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112145. [PMID: 32092588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Morphine and its derivatives play inevitably important role in the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) targeted antinociception. A structure-activity relationship study is presented for novel and known orvinol and thevinol derivatives with varying 3-O, 6-O, 17-N and 20-alkyl substitutions starting from agonists, antagonists and partial agonists. In vitro competition binding experiments with [3H]DAMGO showed low subnanomolar affinity to MOR. Generally, 6-O-demethylation increased the affinity toward MOR and decreased the efficacy changing the pharmacological profile in some cases. In vivo tests in osteoarthritis inflammation model showed significant antiallodynic effects of thevinol derivatives while orvinol derivatives did not. The pharmacological character was modelled by computational docking to both active and inactive state models of MOR. Docking energy difference for the two states separates agonists and antagonists well while partial agonists overlapped with them. An interaction pattern of the ligands, involving the interacting receptor atoms, showed more efficient separation of the pharmacological profiles. In rats, thevinol derivatives showed antiallodynic effect in vivo. The orvinol derivatives, except for 6-O-desmethyl-dihydroetorfin (2c), did not show antiallodynic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Marton
- ABX Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Biomedizinische Forschungsreagenzien GmbH, Heinrich-Glaeser-Strasse 10-14, D-01454, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis Medical University, Hőgyes Endre utca 9, H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kékesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tuboly
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bánki
- Department of Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u 6, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pál T Szabó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Metabolomics Research Laboratory, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Katalin Varga
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Ötvös
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Abstract
The removal of an N-methyl group, or N-demethylation, is a useful chemical transformation in organic synthesis which has particular importance in the field of alkaloid chemistry. Historically, tertiary N-methyl alkaloids have been N-demethylated using the same methods as for N-dealkylating tertiary amines. Such methodologies have included the von Braun reaction, the use of chloroformate and azodicarboxylate reagents and the Polonovski reaction, amongst others. Photochemical and biochemical procedures have also been successfully employed. This review will examine these N-demethylation procedures, with special emphasis on their application to opiate alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Thavaneswaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristy McCamley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
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Dongbang S, Pedersen B, Ellman JA. Asymmetric synthesis of (-)-naltrexone. Chem Sci 2018; 10:535-541. [PMID: 30713650 PMCID: PMC6326069 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist used extensively for the management of drug abuse, is derived from naturally occurring opioids. Herein, we report the first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-naltrexone that does not proceed through thebaine. The synthesis starts with simple, achiral precursors with catalytic enantioselective Sharpless dihydroxylation employed to introduce the stereogenic centers. A Rh(i)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation and torquoselective electrocyclization cascade provides the hexahydro isoquinoline bicyclic framework that serves as the precursor to the morphinan core. The acidic conditions used for Grewe cyclization not only provide the morphinan framework, but also cause a hydride shift resulting in the introduction of the C-6 oxo functionality present in (-)-naltrexone. The C-14 hydroxyl group is installed by an efficient two-step sequence of Pd-mediated ketone to enone dehydrogenation followed by C-H allylic oxidation using Cu(ii) and O2, a method that has not previously been reported either for the synthesis or semi-synthesis of opioids. The longest linear sequence is 17 steps, and because the stereogenic centers in the product rely on Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, the route could be used to access either enantiomer of the natural product, which have disparate biological activities. The route also may be applicable to the preparation of opioid derivatives that could not be easily prepared from the more fully elaborated and densely functionalized opioid natural products that have traditionally served as the starting inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Dongbang
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
| | - Blaine Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , Connecticut 06520 , USA . ; Tel: +1-203-432-2647
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9
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Liu L, Li Z, Chen C, Li H, Xu L, Yu Z. Efficient dealkylation of aryl alkyl ethers catalyzed by Cu 2 O. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Economical synthesis of 13C-labeled opiates, cocaine derivatives and selected urinary metabolites by derivatization of the natural products. Molecules 2015; 20:5329-45. [PMID: 25816077 PMCID: PMC6272324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic and to detect drugs of abuse. Especially, 13C-labeled compounds are useful for identification and quantification purposes by mass spectroscopic techniques, potentially increasing accuracy by minimizing ion alteration/suppression effects. Thus, the synthesis of [acetyl-13C4]heroin, [acetyl-13C4-methyl-13C]heroin, [acetyl-13C2-methyl-13C]6-acetylmorphine, [N-methyl-13C-O-metyl-13C]codeine and phenyl-13C6-labeled derivatives of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and cocaethylene was undertaken to provide such reference materials. The synthetic work has focused on identifying 13C atom-efficient routes towards these derivatives. Therefore, the 13C-labeled opiates and cocaine derivatives were made from the corresponding natural products.
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Murphy B, Šnajdr I, Machara A, Endoma-Arias MAA, Stamatatos TC, Cox DP, Hudlický T. Conversion of Thebaine to Oripavine and Other Useful Intermediates for the Semisynthesis of Opiate-Derived Agents: Synthesis of Hydromorphone. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Salutaridine and its derivatives as thebaine-equivalents in the synthesis of aporphines. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHere we report the transformation of tetracyclic morphinan salutaridine (1) into 2,3,10,11-tetrasubstituted (R)-aporphines. This method serves as another chemical proof of the previously verified biosynthetic connection with pentacyclic morphinan-6,8-diene-type thebaine. In the presence of nucleophiles, this procedure could lead to pharmacologically interesting new tetrasubstituted aporphinoids. The enantioselective synthesis of 7S-salutaridinol (2) has been also achieved in order to investigate the acid-catalyzed reactions of this natural morphinan.
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Endoma-Arias MAA, Cox DP, Hudlicky T. General Method of Synthesis for Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalbuphone, and Nalbuphine by the Reaction of Grignard Reagents with an Oxazolidine Derived from Oxymorphone. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li J, Liu GL, Zhao XH, Du JY, Qu H, Chu WD, Ding M, Jin CY, Wei MX, Fan CA. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Morphine. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1105-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kurane R, Gaikwad V, Jadhav J, Salunkhe R, Rashinkar G. Ferrocene tagged functional polymer: a robust solid-phase reagent for O-demethylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Design and synthesis of an ¹⁸F-labeled version of phenylethyl orvinol ([¹⁸F]FE-PEO) for PET-imaging of opioid receptors. Molecules 2012; 17:11554-69. [PMID: 23023682 PMCID: PMC6268392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The semisynthetic oripavine derivative phenethyl orvinol (PEO), a full agonist at opioid receptors (OR), is an attractive structural motif for developing 18F-labeled PET tracers with a high degree of sensitivity for competition between endogenous and exogenous OR-ligands. The target cold reference compound 6-O-(2-fluoroethyl)-6-O-desmethylphenylethyl orvinol (FE-PEO) was obtained via two separate reaction routes. A three-step synthesis was developed for the preparation of a tosyloxyethyl precursor (TE-TDPEO), the key precursor for a direct, nucleophilic radiofluorination to yield [18F]FE-PEO. The developed radiosynthesis provides the target compound in relevantly high yield and purity, and is adaptable to routine production.
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Sipos A, Follia V, Berényi S, Antus S, Schmidhammer H, Spetea M. Synthesis and Characterization of Thiazolo- and Thiazinomorphinans and Their Intermediate Products as Novel Opioid-Active Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:852-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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A facile and improved synthesis of desomorphine and its deuterium-labeled analogue. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Sipos A, Berényi S, Antus S. First Synthesis and Utilization of Oripavidine - A Concise and Efficient Route to Important Morphinans and Apomorphines. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Synthesis and dopamine receptor binding affinity of 4H-thiochromenoapomorphines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Liu Z, Chen X, Yu L, Zhen X, Zhang A. Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of novel 2-aminothiazole-privileged aporphines. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6675-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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23
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Sipos A, Csutorás C, Berényi S, Uustare A, Rinken A. Synthesis and neuropharmacological characterization of 2-O-substituted apomorphines. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4563-8. [PMID: 18313931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized novel 2-O-substituted apomorphines with both different lengths of lipophilic alkyl chains and alkyl chains carrying free hydroxyl groups. Two bis-apomorphines formed as side products of the reactions with diols were isolated and characterized as well. The neuropharmacological profile of all these new compounds were investigated with respect to their binding affinities and activities to dopamine D(2) and D(1) receptors. The obtained data pointed to the fact that, in the examination of dopaminergic activities of 2-substituted apomorphines, the lipophilicity of the substituent is more important than its spatial parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Sipos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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24
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Si YG, Gardner MP, Tarazi FI, Baldessarini RJ, Neumeyer JL. Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Affinities of N-Alkyl-11-hydroxy-2-methoxynoraporphines: N-Alkyl Substituents Determine D1 versus D2 Receptor Selectivity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:983-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701045j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gui Si
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106 USA
| | - Matthew P. Gardner
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106 USA
| | - Frank I. Tarazi
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106 USA
| | - Ross J. Baldessarini
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106 USA
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106 USA
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25
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Scheepers BA, Klein R, Davies-Coleman MT. Synthesis of triprenylated toluquinone and toluhydroquinone metabolites from a marine-derived Penicillium fungus. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Wu H, Thatcher LN, Bernard D, Parrish DA, Deschamps JR, Rice KC, MacKerell AD, Coop A. Position of coordination of the lithium ion determines the regioselectivity of demethylations of 3,4-dimethoxymorphinans with L-selectride. Org Lett 2006; 7:2531-4. [PMID: 15957883 DOI: 10.1021/ol050433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] L-Selectride is an efficient agent for the 3-O-demethylation of opioids and is known to cleave the least hindered methoxyl group in a molecule. The treatment of a 3,4-dimethoxymorphinan containing a 6-ketal with L-Selectride gave selective 4-O-demethylation, rather than cleavage of the less hindered 3-methoxyl. In contrast, a 3,4-dimethoxymorphinan lacking a 6-ketal gave selective 3-O-demethylation, suggesting that the regiochemistry of L-Selectride-mediated O-demethylation can be manipulated through altering the position of coordination of the lithium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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27
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Janetka JW, Furness MS, Zhang X, Coop A, Folk JE, Mattson MV, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Enantioconvergent synthesis of (-)-(2R,5S)-1-allyl-2,5-dimethylpiperazine, an intermediate to delta-opioid receptor ligands. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3976-80. [PMID: 12737580 DOI: 10.1021/jo0300385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient, high-yield enantioconvergent synthesis of (-)-1-allyl-(2S,5R)-dimethylpiperazine from trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine has been developed. This compound is an important intermediate in the synthesis of delta-opioid receptor ligands. The process allows for the laboratory preparation of 100 g quantities of this enantiomerically pure diamine without chromatography. The key steps in the sequence were an efficient optical resolution using relatively inexpensive resolving agents, followed by interconversion of the unwanted (+)-enantiomer into the desired (-)-enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Janetka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, USA
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28
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Chen W, Wu H, Bernard D, Metcalf MD, Deschamps JR, Flippen-Anderson JL, MacKerell AD, Coop A. Rearrangement of 5-trimethylsilylthebaine on treatment with L-selectride: an efficient synthesis of (+)-bractazonine. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1929-32. [PMID: 12608812 DOI: 10.1021/jo020704m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 5-trimethylsilylthebaine with L-Selectride gave rise to a rearrangement to 10-trimethylsilylbractazonine through migration of the phenyl group, whereas treatment of thebaine with strong Lewis acids is known to lead to a similar rearrangement through migration of the alkyl bridge to give, after reduction, (+)-neodihydrothebaine. It is suggested that the rearrangement of the alkyl group of thebaine is favored due to the formation of a tertiary benzylic cation. However, for 5-trimethylsilylthebaine, the lithium ion of L-Selectride acts as the Lewis acid and the beta-silyl effect dominates in the stabilization of any positive charge. This rearrangement provides a clear example of the greater relative migratory aptitude of phenyl groups over alkyl groups, and provides an efficient synthesis of (+)-bractazonine from thebaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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29
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(4aS,6R,8aS)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepine-3,6-diol (Norsanguinine). Molecules 2001. [DOI: 10.3390/m274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Maeda DY, Coop A. Studies into the Direct Conversion of Indolomorphinans to their 4-Phenolic Derivatives. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Lewis DB, Matecka D, Zhang Y, Hsin LW, Dersch CM, Stafford D, Glowa JR, Rothman RB, Rice KC. Oxygenated analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]- and 1-[2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazines (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909) as potential extended-action cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5029-42. [PMID: 10585212 DOI: 10.1021/jm990291q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into the preparation of potential extended-release cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents afforded a series of compounds related to 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1a) and 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1b) (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909, respectively), which were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and to inhibit the uptake of [(3)H]-labeled dopamine (DA). The addition of hydroxy and methoxy substituents to the benzene ring on the phenylpropyl moiety of 1a-1d resulted in a series of potent and selective ligands for the DAT (analogues 5-28). The hydroxyl groups were included to incorporate a medium-chain carboxylic acid ester into the molecules, to form oil-soluble prodrugs, amenable to "depot" injection techniques. The introduction of an oxygen-containing functionality to the propyl side chain provided ketones 29 and 30, which demonstrated greatly reduced affinity for the DAT and decreased potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, and benzylic alcohols 31-36, which were highly potent and selective at binding to the DAT and inhibiting [(3)H]DA uptake. The enantiomers of 32 (34 and 36) were practically identical in biological testing. Compounds 1b, 32, 34, and 36 all demonstrated the ability to decrease cocaine-maintained responding in monkeys without affecting behaviors maintained by food, with 34 and 36 equipotent to each other and both more potent in behavioral tests than the parent compound 1b. Intramuscular injections of compound 41 (the decanoate ester of racemate 32) eliminated cocaine-maintained behavior for about a month following one single injection, without affecting food-maintained behavior. The identification of analogues 32, 34, and 36, thus, provides three potential candidates for esterification and formulation as extended-release cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lewis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Building 8, Room B1-23, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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32
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Coop A, Rice KC. L-Selectride as a convenient reagent for the selective cleavage of carbamates. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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