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Misra AK, Sahaji S, Shit P. Concise Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella K19 Strain. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA convergent [4+2] stereoselective block glycosylation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K19 strain in very good yield. The p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) group was used as a temporary alkyl protecting group, which was removed by tuning the glycosylation conditions. A thioglycoside was used as a glycosyl acceptor in an orthogonal glycosylation reaction. A late-stage TEMPO-mediated selective oxidation of a primary hydroxyl group into carboxylic acid allowed incorporation of the d-glucuronic acid moiety in the hexasaccharide. A combination of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4–SiO2) was used as a thiophilic promoter for the activation of thioglycosides. HClO4–SiO2 was also used as a solid acid activator for a glycosyl trichloroacetimidate derivative.
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2
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Keith DJ, Townsend SD. Total Synthesis of the Congested, Bisphosphorylated Morganella morganii Zwitterionic Trisaccharide Repeating Unit. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12939-12945. [PMID: 31329445 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) activate T-cell-dependent immune responses by major histocompatibility complex class II presentation. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a Morganella morganii ZPS repeating unit as an enabling tool in the synthesis of novel ZPS materials. The repeating unit incorporates a 1,2-cis-α-glycosidic bond; the problematic 1,2-trans-galactosidic bond, Gal-β-(1 → 3)-GalNAc; and phosphoglycerol and phosphocholine residues which have not been previously observed together as functional groups on the same oligosaccharide. The successful third-generation approach leverages a first in class glycosylation of a phosphoglycerol-functionalized acceptor. To install the phosphocholine unit, a highly effective phosphocholine donor was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jamin Keith
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
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Liu L, Wang CQ, Liu D, He WG, Xu JY, Lin AJ, Yao HQ, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Xie WJ, Wu XM. Construction of 3,6-anhydrohexosides via intramolecular cyclization of triflates and its application to the synthesis of natural product isolated from leaves of Sauropus rostratus. Org Lett 2014; 16:5004-7. [PMID: 25221862 DOI: 10.1021/ol5022838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach to construct various 3,6-anhydrohexosides via an intramolecular cyclization of corresponding triflates is described. The nucleophilic attack from C3 p-methoxybenzylated hydroxyl to C6 trifluoromethanesulfonate on triflate structures triggered the cyclization reaction to provide 3,6-anhydrohexosides in excellent yields, making the strategy more efficient with respect to the reported protocols. By applying this methodology, a concise first total synthesis of natural product isolated from leaves of Sauropus rostratus was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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5
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Chida N, Sato T. Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Cyclohexane Units Utilizing the Ferrier Carbocyclization Reaction. CHEM REC 2014; 14:592-605. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Keio University; 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Keio University; 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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Chandler BD, Burkhardt AL, Foley K, Cullis C, Driscoll D, Roy D'Amore N, Miller SJ. A fully synthetic and biochemically validated phosphatidyl inositol-3-phosphate hapten via asymmetric synthesis and native chemical ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:412-8. [PMID: 24344932 DOI: 10.1021/ja410750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and biochemical validation of a phosphatidyl inositol-3 phosphate (PI3P) immunogen. The inositol stereochemistry was secured through peptide-catalyzed asymmetric phosphorylation catalysis, and the subsequent incorporation of a cysteine residue was achieved by native chemical ligation (NCL). Conjugation of the PI3P hapten to maleimide-activated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) provided a PI3P immunogen, which was successfully used to generate selective PI3P antibodies. The incorporation of a sulfhydryl nucleophile into a phosphoinositide hapten demonstrates a general strategy to reliably access phosphoinositide immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, United States
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7
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Wymann MP, Schultz C. The chemical biology of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2022-35. [PMID: 22965647 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in the late 1980s, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and its isoforms have arguably reached the forefront of signal transduction research. Regulation of this lipid kinase, its functions, its effectors, in short its entire signaling network, has been extensively studied. PI3K inhibitors are frequently used in biochemistry and cell biology. In addition, many pharmaceutical companies have launched drug-discovery programs to identify modulators of PI3Ks. Despite these efforts and a fairly good knowledge of the PI3K signaling network, we still have only a rudimentary picture of the signaling dynamics of PI3K and its lipid products in space and time. It is therefore essential to create and use novel biological and chemical tools to manipulate the phosphoinositide signaling network with spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we discuss the current and potential future tools that are available and necessary to unravel the various functions of PI3K and its isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Wymann
- Institute of Biochemistry & Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Baran A, Bekarlar M, Aydin G, Nebioglu M, Şahin E, Balci M. Synthesis of bishomoinositols and an entry for construction of a substituted 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1244-50. [PMID: 22229812 DOI: 10.1021/jo202494v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,3a,7a-Tetrahydro-2-benzofuran was used as key compound for the synthesis of various bishomoinositol derivatives. The diene was subjected to an epoxidation reaction for further functionalization of the diene unit. The bisepoxide obtained was submitted to a ring-opening reaction with acid in the presence of water. Various bishomoinositols were synthesized. However, when the reaction was carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride, a substituted 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton was formed. The mechanism of the formation of the products is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey.
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9
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Bru M, Kotkar SP, Kar N, Köhn M. Development of a solid phase synthesis strategy for soluble phosphoinositide analogues. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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11
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Bandyopadhyay S, Bong D. Synthesis of Trifunctional Phosphatidylserine Probes for Identification of Lipid-Binding Proteins. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Guanti G, Banfi L, Basso A, Bondanza L, Guglieri G, Powles K, Riva R. Optimized synthesis of phosphatidylserine. Amino Acids 2010; 39:367-73. [PMID: 20143114 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphatidyl serine containing saturated fatty acids was thoroughly studied and optimized in order to establish a protocol amenable to large-scale synthesis. The key step was a one-pot multicomponent reaction involving an O-benzyl phosphorodiamidite, protected serine and diacylglycerol, followed by in situ oxidation of the resulting phosphite. In order to replace expensive and poorly stable tetrazole, a screening of substitutes was carried out and imidazolium chloride was selected as the best suited one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
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Best MD, Zhang H, Prestwich GD. Inositol polyphosphates, diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphate lipids: Structure, synthesis, and development of probes for studying biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1403-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b923844c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Elliott TS, Nemeth J, Swain SA, Conway SJ. A synthesis of dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Conway SJ, Gardiner J, Grove SJA, Johns MK, Lim ZY, Painter GF, Robinson DEJE, Schieber C, Thuring JW, Wong LSM, Yin MX, Burgess AW, Catimel B, Hawkins PT, Ktistakis NT, Stephens LR, Holmes AB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphatidylinositol phosphate affinity probes. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:66-76. [PMID: 20024134 DOI: 10.1039/b913399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the complete family of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analogues (PIPs) from five key core intermediates A-E is described. These core compounds were obtained from myo-inositol orthoformate 1 via regioselective DIBAL-H and trimethylaluminium-mediated cleavages and a resolution-protection process using camphor acetals 10. Coupling of cores A-E with phosphoramidites 34 and 38, derived from the requisite protected lipid side chains, afforded the fully-protected PIPs. Removal of the remaining protecting groups was achieved via hydrogenolysis using palladium black or palladium hydroxide on carbon in the presence of sodium bicarbonate to afford the complete family of dipalmitoyl- and amino-PIP analogues 42, 45, 50, 51, 58, 59, 67, 68, 76, 77, 82, 83, 92, 93, 99 and 100. Investigations using affinity probes incorporating these compounds have identified novel proteins involved in the PI3K intracellular signalling network and have allowed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of phosphoinositide interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Richer SM, Stewart NK, Webb SA, Tomaszewski JW, Oakley MG. High affinity binding to profilin by a covalently constrained, soluble mimic of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate micelles. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:733-9. [PMID: 19639958 DOI: 10.1021/cb900121r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids are essential regulators of a wide variety of cellular functions. We present here the preparation of a multivalent analogue of a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) micelle containing only the polar headgroup portion of this lipid. We show that this dendrimer binds to the cytoskeletal protein profilin with an affinity indistinguishable from that of PIP(2), despite the fact that profilin discriminates between PIP(2) and its monomeric hydrolysis product inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) under physiological conditions. These data demonstrate that the diacylglycerol (DAG) moiety of PIP(2) is not required for high-affinity binding and suggest that profilin uses multivalency as a key means to distinguish between the intact lipid and IP(3). The class of soluble membrane analogues described here is likely to have broad applicability in the study of protein.PI interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Richer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Nichole K. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Sarah A. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - John W. Tomaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
| | - Martha G. Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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Keddie NS, Bultynck G, Luyten T, Slawin AM, Conway SJ. A type 2 Ferrier rearrangement-based synthesis of d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Sureshan KM, Devaraj S, Shashidhar MS. Regioselective O-acylation of myo-inositol 1,3,5-orthoesters: dependence of regioselectivity on the stoichiometry of the base. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Panchal N, Gaffney PRJ. Synthesis of unsaturated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4832-41. [DOI: 10.1039/b907551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kayser-Bricker KJ, Jordan PA, Miller SJ. Catalyst-Dependent Syntheses of Phosphatidylinositol-5 Phosphate-DiC8 and its Enantiomer. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:7015-7020. [PMID: 19606206 PMCID: PMC2673006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based catalysts have been applied to the enantioselective syntheses of the title compounds, with this being the first report of the synthesis of an ent-PI5P analogue. The key steps in the synthesis involve asymmetric phosphorylation catalysis. Additional maneuvers were developed with a protecting groups scheme that enabled efficient, streamlined syntheses of these important mediators of biochemical events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520
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Nakahara T, Okamoto N, Suzuki K, Kanie O. Synthetic studies towards a new scaffold, spirobicycloimidazoline. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1624-35. [PMID: 18468590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Davie EAC, Mennen SM, Xu Y, Miller SJ. Asymmetric catalysis mediated by synthetic peptides. Chem Rev 2008; 107:5759-812. [PMID: 18072809 DOI: 10.1021/cr068377w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Colby Davie
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
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Gorbatyuk VY, Nosworthy NJ, Robson SA, Bains NPS, Maciejewski MW, Dos Remedios CG, King GF. Mapping the Phosphoinositide-Binding Site on Chick Cofilin Explains How PIP2 Regulates the Cofilin-Actin Interaction. Mol Cell 2006; 24:511-22. [PMID: 17114056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin plays a key role in the choreography of actin dynamics via its ability to sever actin filaments and increase the rate of monomer dissociation from pointed ends. The exact manner by which phosphoinositides bind to cofilin and inhibit its interaction with actin has proven difficult to ascertain. We determined the structure of chick cofilin and used NMR chemical shift mapping and structure-directed mutagenesis to unambiguously locate its recognition site for phosphoinositides (PIs). This structurally unique recognition site requires both the acyl chain and head group of the PI for a productive interaction, and it is not inhibited by phosphorylation of cofilin. We propose that the interaction of cofilin with membrane-bound PIs abrogates its binding to both actin and actin-interacting protein 1, and facilitates spatiotemporal regulation of cofilin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Y Gorbatyuk
- Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
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Ferguson CG, Bigman CS, Richardson RD, van Meeteren LA, Moolenaar WH, Prestwich GD. Fluorogenic phospholipid substrate to detect lysophospholipase D/autotaxin activity. Org Lett 2006; 8:2023-6. [PMID: 16671772 PMCID: PMC2528860 DOI: 10.1021/ol060414i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD), also known as autotaxin (ATX), is an important source of the potent mitogen lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Two fluorogenic substrate analogues for lysoPLD were synthesized in nine steps from (S)-PMB-glycerol. The substrates (FS-2 and FS-3) show significant increases in fluorescence when treated with recombinant ATX and have potential applications in screening for this emerging drug target.
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25
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Schneiter R, Brügger B, Amann CM, Prestwich GD, Epand RF, Zellnig G, Wieland FT, Epand RM. Identification and biophysical characterization of a very-long-chain-fatty-acid-substituted phosphatidylinositol in yeast subcellular membranes. Biochem J 2004; 381:941-9. [PMID: 15270698 PMCID: PMC1133906 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphological analysis of a conditional yeast mutant in acetyl-CoA carboxylase acc1ts/mtr7, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, suggested that the synthesis of C26 VLCFAs (very-long-chain fatty acids) is important for maintaining the structure and function of the nuclear membrane. To characterize this C26-dependent pathway in more detail, we have now examined cells that are blocked in pathways that require C26. In yeast, ceramide synthesis and remodelling of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchors are two pathways that incorporate C26 into lipids. Conditional mutants blocked in either ceramide synthesis or the synthesis of GPI anchors do not display the characteristic alterations of the nuclear envelope observed in acc1ts, indicating that the synthesis of another C26-containing lipid may be affected in acc1ts mutant cells. Lipid analysis of isolated nuclear membranes revealed the presence of a novel C26-substituted PI (phosphatidylinositol). This C26-PI accounts for approx. 1% of all the PI species, and is present in both the nuclear and the plasma membrane. Remarkably, this C26-PI is the only C26-containing glycerophospholipid that is detectable in wild-type yeast, and the C26-substitution is highly specific for the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. To characterize the biophysical properties of this lipid, it was chemically synthesized. In contrast to PIs with normal long-chain fatty acids (C16 or C18), the C26-PI greatly reduced the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition of liposomes composed of 1,2-dielaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DEPE). The biophysical properties of this lipid are thus consistent with a possible role in stabilizing highly curved membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Schneiter
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Lipid signaling by phosphoinositides (PIP(n)s) involves an array of proteins with lipid recognition, kinase, phosphatase, and phospholipase functions. Understanding PIP(n) pathway signaling requires identification and characterization of PIP(n)-interacting proteins. Moreover, spatiotemporal localization and physiological function of PIP(n)-protein complexes must be elucidated in cellular and organismal contexts. For protein discovery to functional elucidation, reporter-linked phosphoinositides or tethered PIP(n)s have been essential. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling pathway has recently emerged as an important source of potential "druggable" therapeutic targets in human pathophysiology in both academic and pharmaceutical environments. This review summarizes the chemistry of PIP(n) affinity probes and their use in identifying macromolecular targets. The process of target validation will be described, i.e., the use of tethered PIP(n)s in determining PIP(n) selectivity in vitro and in establishing the function of PIP(n)-protein complexes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Kutateladze TG, Capelluto DGS, Ferguson CG, Cheever ML, Kutateladze AG, Prestwich GD, Overduin M. Multivalent mechanism of membrane insertion by the FYVE domain. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:3050-7. [PMID: 14578346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309007200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of a wide variety of proteins to membranes involves specific recognition of phospholipid head groups and insertion into lipid bilayers. For example, proteins that contain FYVE domains are recruited to endosomes through interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). However, the structural mechanism of membrane docking and insertion by this domain remains unclear. Here, the depth and angle of micelle insertion and the lipid binding properties of the FYVE domain of early endosome antigen 1 are estimated by NMR spectroscopy. Spin label probes incorporated into micelles identify a hydrophobic protuberance that inserts into the micelle core and is surrounded by interfacially active polar residues. A novel proxyl PtdIns(3)P derivative is developed to map the position of the phosphoinositide acyl chains, which are found to align with the membrane insertion element. Dual engagement of the FYVE domain with PtdIns(3)P and dodecylphosphocholine micelles yields a 6-fold enhancement of affinity. The additional interaction of phosphatidylserine with a conserved basic site of the protein further amplifies the micelle binding affinity and dramatically alters the angle of insertion. Thus, the FYVE domain is targeted to endosomes through the synergistic action of stereospecific PtdIns(3)P head group ligation, hydrophobic insertion and electrostatic interactions with acidic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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28
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Sureshan KM, Shashidhar MS, Praveen T, Das T. Regioselective Protection and Deprotection of Inositol Hydroxyl Groups. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4477-503. [PMID: 14611268 DOI: 10.1021/cr0200724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Division of Organic Synthesis, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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29
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Feng L, Manabe K, Shope JC, Widmer S, DeWald DB, Prestwich GD. A real-time fluorogenic phospholipase A(2) assay for biochemical and cellular activity measurements. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:795-803. [PMID: 12144923 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluorogenic analog of the PLA(2) substrate PC, named Dabcyl-BODIPY-PC, or simply DBPC, was synthesized with a fluorescence quencher (Dabcyl, 4-[(4-[N,N-dimethylamino]phenyl)azo]benzoic acid) in the sn-1 acyl chain and a BODIPY fluor in the sn-2 acyl chain. DBPC was recognized by sPLA(2) from each of the four sources examined (bee venom, human synovial fluid, cobra venom, and bovine pancreas). A dramatic and quantifiable fluorescence enhancement of DBPC occurred upon phospholipase digestion both in the presence and absence of excess PC. Both real-time and endpoint assays for PLA(2) were sensitive, consistent, and rapid. Thus, DBPC can be used as a sensitive fluorogenic probe for in vitro high-throughput screening assays for PLA(2) activation and inhibition and would expedite studies of PLA(2) in cellular signaling, in vitro screening for drug discovery, and subcellular localization of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Center for Cell Signaling, 420 Wakara Way, Suite 360, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Ozaki S, DeWald DB, Shope JC, Chen J, Prestwich GD. Intracellular delivery of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates using polyamine carriers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11286-91. [PMID: 11005844 PMCID: PMC17192 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.210197897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling regulates events in endocytosis and exocytosis, vesicular trafficking of proteins, transduction of extracellular signals, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation of calcium flux, and apoptosis. Obtaining mechanistic insights in living cells is impeded by the membrane impermeability of these anionic lipids. We describe a carrier system for intracellular delivery of phosphoinositide polyphosphates (PIP(n)s) and fluorescently labeled PIP(n)s into living cells, such that intracellular localization can be directly observed. Preincubation of PIP(n)s or inositol phosphates with carrier polyamines produced complexes that entered mammalian, plant, yeast, bacterial, and protozoal cells in seconds to minutes via a nonendocytic mechanism. Time-dependent transit of both PIP(n)s and the carrier to specific cytosolic and nuclear compartments was readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Platelet-derived growth factor treatment of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts containing carrier-delivered phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4, 5)P(2)]-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole resulted in the redistribution of the fluorescent signal, suggesting that fluorescent PtdIns(4, 5)P(2) was a substrate for phospholipase C. We also observed a calcium flux in NIH 3T3 cells when complexes of carrier and PtdIns(4, 5)P(2) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were added extracellularly. This simple intracellular delivery system allows for the efficient translocation of biologically active PIP(n)s, inositol phosphates, and their fluorescent derivatives into living cells in a physiologically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Rao VR, Corradetti MN, Chen J, Peng J, Yuan J, Prestwich GD, Brugge JS. Expression cloning of protein targets for 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37893-900. [PMID: 10608855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3'-K) family of lipid kinases play a critical role in cell proliferation, survival, vesicle trafficking, motility, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and oncogenesis. To identify downstream effectors of PI 3'-K, we developed a novel screen to isolate proteins that bind to the major products of PI 3'-K: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4-P(2)) and PtdIns-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)). This screen uses synthetic biotinylated analogs of these lipids in conjunction with libraries of radiolabeled proteins that are produced by coupled in vitro transcription/translation reactions. The feasibility of the screen was initially demonstrated using avidin-coated beads prebound to biotinylated PtdIns-3,4-P(2) and PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) to specifically isolate the pleckstrin homology domain of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. We then demonstrated the utility of this technique in isolating novel 3'-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol (3'-PPI)-binding proteins through the preliminary screening of in vitro transcribed/translated cDNAs from a small pool expression library derived from mouse spleen. Three proteins were isolated that bound specifically to 3'PPIs. Two of these proteins have been previously characterized as PIP3BP/p42(IP4) and the PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3)-dependent serine/threonine kinase phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. The third protein is a novel protein that contains only a Src homology 2 domain and a pleckstrin homology domain; this protein has a higher specificity for both PtdIns-3,4,5-P(3) and PtdIns-3,4-P(2) than for PtdIns-4, 5-bisphosphate. Transcripts of this novel gene are present in every tissue analyzed but are most prominently expressed in spleen. We have renamed this new protein PHISH for 3'-phosphoinositide-interacting Src homology-containing protein. This report demonstrates the utility of this technique for isolating and characterizing 3'-PPI-binding proteins and has broad applicability for the isolation of binding domains for other lipid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Amano S, Takemura N, Ohtsuka M, Ogawa S, Chida N. Total synthesis of paniculide A from d-glucose. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis of l-α-phosphatidyl-d-myo-inositol 5-phosphate and l-α-phosphatidyl-d-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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