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Duda GN, Grainger DW, Guldberg RE, Goldsobel G, Prestwich GD, Rauw B, Volk HD. Measuring translational research impact requires reaching beyond current metrics. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp8258. [PMID: 37531418 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Translational impact assessment is key to selecting those biomedical research discoveries most likely to be converted into viable new products to improve human health. However, metrics for translational success are variable, are not limited to commercial success, and may not be relevant to every case or institution. Societal impact is a top translational priority in a globalized society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg N Duda
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, BIH at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Gady Goldsobel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cornish K, Scott DJ, Xie W, Mau CJD, Zheng YF, Liu XH, Prestwich GD. Unusual subunits are directly involved in binding substrates for natural rubber biosynthesis in multiple plant species. Phytochemistry 2018; 156:55-72. [PMID: 30195165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rubber particles from rubber-producing plant species have many different species-specific proteins bound to their external monolayer biomembranes. To date, identification of those proteins directly involved in enzymatic catalysis of rubber polymerization has not been fully accomplished using solubilization, purification or reconstitution approaches. In an alternative approach, we use several tritiated photoaffinity-labeled benzophenone analogs of the allylic pyrophosphate substrates, required by rubber transferase (RT-ase) to initiate the synthesis of new rubber molecules, to identify the proteins involved in catalysis. Enzymatically-active rubber particles were purified from three phylogenetically-distant rubber producing species, Parthenium argentatum Gray, Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg, and Ficus elastica Roxb., each representing a different Superorder of the Dicotyledonae. Geranyl pyrophosphate with the benzophenone in the para position (Bz-GPP(p)) was the most active initiator of rubber biosynthesis in all three species. When rubber particles were exposed to ultra-violet radiation, 95% of RT-ase activity was eliminated in the presence of 50 μΜ Bz-GPP(p), compared to only 50% of activity in the absence of this analog. 3H-Bz-GPP(p) then was used to label and identify the proteins involved in substrate binding and these proteins were characterized electrophoretically. In all three species, three distinct proteins were labeled, one very large protein and two very small proteins, as follows: P. argentatum 287,000, 3,990, and 1,790 Da; H. brasiliensis 241,000, 3,650 and 1,600 Da; F. elastica 360,000, 3,900 and 1,800 Da. The isoelectric points of the P. argentatum proteins were 7.6 for the 287,000 Da, 10.4 for the 3,990 Da and 3.5 for the 1,790 Da proteins, and of the F. elastica proteins were 7.7 for the 360,000 Da, 6,0 for the 3,900 Da, and 11.0 for the 1,800 Da proteins. H. brasiliensis protein pI values were not determined. Additional analysis indicated that the three proteins are components of a membrane-bound complex and that the ratio of each small protein to the large one is 3:1, and the large protein exists as a dimer. Also, the large proteins are membrane bound whereas both small proteins are strongly associated with the large proteins, rather than to the rubber particle proteolipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Cornish
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA; Center of Applied Plant Sciences, Institute of Materials Research, Institute of Humanitarian Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, USA.
| | - Deborah J Scott
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Wenshuang Xie
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Christopher J D Mau
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Yi Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, South 2000 East, Rm. 307, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, South 2000 East, Rm. 307, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, South 2000 East, Rm. 307, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Paderi J, Prestwich GD, Panitch A, Boone T, Stuart K. Glycan Therapeutics: Resurrecting an Almost Pharma‐Forgotten Drug Class (Adv. Therap. 8/2018). Adv Therap 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201870024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alt JA, Lee WY, Davis BM, Savage JR, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Pulsipher A. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan reduces sinonasal inflammation in a murine model of chronic rhinosinusitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204709. [PMID: 30252910 PMCID: PMC6155557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by sustained mucosal inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, loss of cilia and epithelial barrier breakdown, and tissue remodeling. Certain glycosaminoglycans inhibit various inflammatory mediators, suppress bacterial growth, and provide important functions in mucosal tissue repair and mucociliary clearance. Herein, we evaluated the effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan, GM-1111, on the clinical signs and inflammatory tissue changes associated with CRS in mice. CRS was generated by repeated intranasal applications of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) extracts over 4 weeks. Mice were then intranasally administered GM-1111 (600 μg per dose, 5 times a week) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) for an additional 4 weeks while still being given A. fumigatus extracts to maintain a chronic inflammatory environment with acute exacerbations. Clinical signs indicative of sinonasal inflammation were recorded throughout the study. After 9 weeks, whole blood and sinonasal tissues were harvested for hematological, histological, and biochemical examination. The clinical signs, white blood cell counts, tissue markers of sinonasal inflammation, and histological changes caused by A. fumigatus extract administration were compared to the healthy (PBS vehicle) and GM-1111-treated groups (n = 12 per treatment group). Compared to vehicle-treated animals, animals treated with GM-1111 demonstrated significant reductions in clinical signs (p<0.05), degenerative tissue changes, goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration (p<0.01), innate immunity- (tlr2, tlr4, myd88, il1b, tnfa, il6, and il12) and adaptive immunity-associated (ccl11, ccl24, ccl5, il4, il5, and il13) cytokine gene expression (p<0.05 to p<0.0001) in sinonasal tissues, and serum IgE levels (p<0.01). Our data suggest that GM-1111 significantly reduces local and systemic effects of CRS-associated sinonasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A. Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brock M. Davis
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paderi
- Symic Bio, Inc. 5980 Horton St. 94608 Emeryville CA USA
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Symic Bio, Inc. 5980 Horton St. 94608 Emeryville CA USA
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Utah 84112 Salt Lake City UT USA
- Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane 99210 Spokane WA USA
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Symic Bio, Inc. 5980 Horton St. 94608 Emeryville CA USA
- University of California 95616 Davis CA USA
| | - Tom Boone
- Symic Bio, Inc. 5980 Horton St. 94608 Emeryville CA USA
| | - Kate Stuart
- Symic Bio, Inc. 5980 Horton St. 94608 Emeryville CA USA
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Proctor M, Proctor K, Shu XZ, McGill LD, Prestwich GD, Orlandi RR. Composition of Hyaluronan Affects Wound Healing in the Rabbit Maxillary Sinus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/194589240602000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix. HA and its derivatives have been used in the sinuses to reduce scarring and possibly promote wound healing. However, in recent animal studies, HA esters exhibited inflammatory effects. Mitomycin C (MMC) is another potential antiscarring treatment. This study prospectively evaluated the effects of three different HA constructs on wound healing in the rabbit maxillary sinus: (i) a novel cross-linked HA hydrogel, (ii) the cross-linked HA gel containing covalently bound MMC, and (iii) a commercially available woven HA ester (Merogel). Methods Ostia were created with a 4-mm otologic drill in the maxillary sinuses of 15 New Zealand white rabbits with one side randomly chosen for treatment. After 14 or 21 days the size of the maxillary ostia were recorded and the tissue was examined under light microscopy. Results Sinuses treated with the novel HA and HA-MMC hydrogels showed an increased ostial diameter compared with untreated controls. Woven HA ester–treated sinuses showed no improvement, with a trend toward a smaller ostium than controls. Histological examination showed that woven HA ester tended to cause increased fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation, and heterophilia was slightly increased in the HA hydrogel-treated sinuses. Blinded observation noted foamy macrophages surrounding the residual woven HA ester in each specimen while no similar reaction was noted near the residual HA or HA-MMC hydrogels. Conclusion This study suggests that the degree of ostial narrowing, inflammation, and fibrosis depends on the formulation of the HA used. Minimal, if any, additional benefit is seen with addition of MMC to the HA hydrogel in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Proctor
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kerry Proctor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiao Zheng Shu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard R. Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Jia W, Schults AJ, Jensen MM, Ye X, Alt JA, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. Bladder pain in an LL-37 interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome model. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2017; 5:10-17. [PMID: 29034266 PMCID: PMC5636891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to evaluate the pain response in an LL-37 induced murine model for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). In particular, we sought to characterize the dose dependence, time-course, and relationship of LL-37 induced bladder inflammation and pain. The IC/PBS model was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by instilling 50 μL of LL-37, an immunomodulatory human cathelicidin (anti-microbial peptide), in the bladder for 1 hr. Pain responses were measured using von Frey filaments (0.04 gm to 4.0 gm) before and after LL-37 instillation. Inflammation was evaluated using tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, gross inspection, and microscopic histologic examination. The dose response experiment demonstrated a graded pain response, with higher concentrations of LL-37 challenge yielding higher pain responses across all stimuli tested. Statistical significance was seen when comparing 1.0 gm von Frey filament results at 320 μM (68 ± 8% response) vs. 0 μM (38 ± 6% response). Interestingly, pain responses did not attenuate across time but increased significantly after 5 (p=0.0012) and 7 days (p=0.0096). Comparison with MPO data suggested that pain responses could be independent of inflammation. We demonstrated within our LL-37 induced IC/PBS model pain occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, pain responses persist beyond the initial point of insult, and our dose response and time course experiments demonstrated that pain was independent of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Austin J Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Xiangyang Ye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery and Division of OtolaryngologySalt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children’s HospitalSalt Lake City, UT
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Jensen MM, Jia W, Isaacson KJ, Schults A, Cappello J, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S, Ghandehari H. Silk-elastinlike protein polymers enhance the efficacy of a therapeutic glycosaminoglycan for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced proctitis. J Control Release 2017; 263:46-56. [PMID: 28232224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced proctitis (RIP) is the most common clinical adverse effect for patients receiving radiotherapy as part of the standard course of treatment for ovarian, prostate, colon, and bladder cancers. RIP limits radiation dosage, interrupts treatment, and lowers patients' quality of life. A prophylactic treatment that protects the gastrointestinal tract from deleterious effects of radiotherapy will significantly improve patient quality of life and may allow for higher and more regular doses of radiation therapy. Semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG), generated from the sulfation of hyaluronic acid, are anti-inflammatory but have difficulty achieving therapeutic levels in many tissues. To enhance the delivery of GAG, we created an in situ gelling rectal delivery system using silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs). Using solutions of SELP 815K (which contains 6 repeats of blocks comprised of 8 silk-like units, 15 elastin-like units, and 1 lysine-substituted elastin-like unit) with GAG GM-0111, we created an injectable delivery platform that transitioned in <5min from a liquid at room temperature to a hydrogel at body temperature. The hydrogels released 50% of their payload within 30min and enhanced the accumulation of GAG in the rectum compared to traditional enema-based delivery. Using a murine model of radiation-induced proctitis, the prophylactic delivery of a single dose of GAG from a SELP matrix administered prior to irradiation significantly reduced radiation-induced pain after 3, 7, and 21days by 53±4%, 47±10%, and 12±6%, respectively. Matrix-mediated delivery of GAG by SELP represents an innovative method for more effective treatment of RIP and promises to improve quality of life of cancer patients by allowing higher radiotherapy doses with improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Austin Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA; Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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Pulsipher A, Qin X, Thomas AJ, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S, Alt JA. Prevention of sinonasal inflammation by a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:177-184. [PMID: 27863138 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are distributed on respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and submucosal glands. Uniquely positioned, certain GAGs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in respiratory diseases and serve important roles in repairing mucosal surfaces and modulating mucociliary clearance. We hypothesized that topical administration of a synthetic GAG (GM-0111) would prevent sinonasal inflammation in a mouse model of rhinosinusitis (RS). METHODS To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered fluorescent GM-0111, and sinonasal tissues were examined for coating and penetration ability. To test therapeutic feasibility, mice (n = 6) were given GM-0111 or hyaluronic acid (HA; 800 μg dose) prior to inducing RS with inflammatory molecule LL-37 (115 μg dose). After 24 hours, sinonasal tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis of inflammatory markers (inflammatory cell infiltration, lamina propria [LP] thickening, and neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and cell death. RESULTS GM-0111 was observed within sinonasal tissues 1 hour and 24 hours after intranasal administration, indicating rapid and effective coating and penetration. GM-0111 prevented sinonasal tissues from developing inflammatory changes, with significant reductions in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.05), LP thickening (p < 0.001), and MPO levels (p < 0.01) when compared to tissues treated with LL-37 and those pretreated with HA. GM-0111 reduced cell death within sinonasal tissues in contrast to LL-37-treated tissues. CONCLUSION We report a new synthetic GAG (GM-0111) that uniformly coats and penetrates into the sinonasal mucosa to prevent sinonasal inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xuan Qin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew J Thomas
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT
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Ryskamp DA, Frye AM, Phuong TTT, Yarishkin O, Jo AO, Xu Y, Lakk M, Iuso A, Redmon SN, Ambati B, Hageman G, Prestwich GD, Torrejon KY, Križaj D. TRPV4 regulates calcium homeostasis, cytoskeletal remodeling, conventional outflow and intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30583. [PMID: 27510430 PMCID: PMC4980693 DOI: 10.1038/srep30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An intractable challenge in glaucoma treatment has been to identify druggable targets within the conventional aqueous humor outflow pathway, which is thought to be regulated/dysregulated by elusive mechanosensitive protein(s). Here, biochemical and functional analyses localized the putative mechanosensitive cation channel TRPV4 to the plasma membrane of primary and immortalized human TM (hTM) cells, and to human and mouse TM tissue. Selective TRPV4 agonists and substrate stretch evoked TRPV4-dependent cation/Ca2+ influx, thickening of F-actin stress fibers and reinforcement of focal adhesion contacts. TRPV4 inhibition enhanced the outflow facility and lowered perfusate pressure in biomimetic TM scaffolds populated with primary hTM cells. Systemic delivery, intraocular injection or topical application of putative TRPV4 antagonist prodrug analogs lowered IOP in glaucomatous mouse eyes and protected retinal neurons from IOP-induced death. Together, these findings indicate that TRPV4 channels function as a critical component of mechanosensitive, Ca2+-signaling machinery within the TM, and that TRPV4-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling regulates TM stiffness and outflow. Thus, TRPV4 is a potential IOP sensor within the conventional outflow pathway and a novel target for treating ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Ryskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Amber M Frye
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Tam T T Phuong
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Oleg Yarishkin
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Andrew O Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Anthony Iuso
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Sarah N Redmon
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Balamurali Ambati
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Gregory Hageman
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Neurobiology &Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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12
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Hansen JK, Thibeault SL, Walsh JF, Shu XZ, Prestwich GD. In Vivo Engineering of the Vocal Fold Extracellular Matrix with Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels: Early Effects on Tissue Repair and Biomechanics in a Rabbit Model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 114:662-70. [PMID: 16240927 DOI: 10.1177/000348940511400902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: A prospective, controlled animal study was performed to determine whether the use of injectable, chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives at the time of intentional vocal fold resection might facilitate wound repair and preserve the unique viscoelastic properties of the vocal fold extracellular matrix. Methods: We performed bilateral vocal fold biopsies on 33 rabbits. Two groups of rabbits were unilaterally treated with 2 different HA derivatives — Carbylan-SX and HA-DTPH-PEGDA — at the time of resection. Saline was injected as a control into the contralateral fold. The animals were painlessly sacrificed 3 weeks after biopsy and injection. The outcomes measured included histologic fibrosis level, tissue HA level, and tissue viscosity and elasticity. Results: The Carbylan-SX—treated vocal folds were found to have significantly less fibrosis than the saline-treated controls. The levels of HA in the treated vocal folds were not significantly different from those in the controls at 3 weeks as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Carbylan-SX—treated vocal folds had significantly improved biomechanical properties of elasticity and viscosity. The HA-DTPH-PEGDA injections yielded significantly improved viscosity, but not elasticity. Conclusions: Prophylactic in vivo manipulation of the extracellular matrix with an injectable Carbylan-SX hydrogel appears to induce vocal fold tissue regeneration to yield optimal tissue composition and biomechanical properties favorable for phonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2301, USA
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13
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Savage JR, Pulsipher A, Rao NV, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Ryan ME, Lee WY. A Modified Glycosaminoglycan, GM-0111, Inhibits Molecular Signaling Involved in Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157310. [PMID: 27308827 PMCID: PMC4911086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is characterized by microbial infection, inflammation, tissue breakdown, and accelerated loss of alveolar bone matrix. Treatment targeting these multiple stages of the disease provides ways to treat or prevent periodontitis. Certain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) block multiple inflammatory mediators as well as suppress bacterial growth, suggesting that these GAGs may be exploited as a therapeutic for periodontitis. Methods We investigated the effects of a synthetic GAG, GM-0111, on various molecular events associated with periodontitis: growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis; activation of pro-inflammatory signaling through TLR2 and TLR4 in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and heterologously expressed HEK 293 cells; osteoclast formation and bone matrix resorption in cultured mouse pre-osteoclasts. Results (1) GM-0111 suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans even at 1% (w/v) solution. The antibacterial effects of GM-0111 were stronger than hyaluronic acid (HA) or xylitol in P. gingivalis at all concentrations and comparable to xylitol in A. actinomycetemcomitans at ≥2% (w/v) solution. We also observed that GM-0111 suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and these effects were much stronger than HA. (2) GM-0111 inhibited TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory cellular signaling both in macrophage and HEK 293 cells with higher selectivity for TLR2 than TLR4 (IC50 of 1–10 ng/mL vs. > 100 μg/mL, respectively). (3) GM-0111 blocked RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (as low as 300 ng/mL) and bone matrix resorption. While GM-0111 showed high affinity binding to RANKL, it did not interfere with RANKL/RANK/NF-κB signaling, suggesting that GM-0111 inhibits osteoclast formation by a RANKL-RANK-independent mechanism. Conclusions We report that GM-0111 inhibits multiple molecular events involved in periodontitis, spanning from the early pro-inflammatory TLR signaling, to pathways activated at the later stage component of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Narayanam V. Rao
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Park AH, Hughes CW, Jackson A, Hunter L, McGill L, Simonsen SE, Alder SC, Shu XZ, Prestwich GD. Crosslinked hydrogels for tympanic membrane repair. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 135:877-83. [PMID: 17141077 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM: To provide a less expensive and more convenient protocol for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs).METHODS: Several materials were prepared and compared for TMP repair including Carbylan-SX, Gelatin-DTPH-PEGDA (GX), Carbylan-S/Gelatin-DTPH (Carbylan-GSX) (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam, Epifilm, and crosslinked thiolated chondroitin sulfate (CS-DTPH-PEGDA [CS-SX]). Hartley pigmented guinea pigs (Elm Hill) underwent bilateral myringotomy with 1 ear left as a control and the other treated with one of the previously mentioned materials.RESULTS: Carbylan-GSX (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam with saline, and CS-SX had the shortest time for TMP closure. Epifilm, Carbylan, and gelatin preparations resulted in closure rates similar to controls. CS-SX showed a marked inflammatory reaction compared with controls and other materials based on neutrophil, lymphocyte, epitheloid counts, and degree of fibrosis.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the validity of Carbylan-GSX compared with Gelfoam as a material to promote TMP closure in an acute TMP guinea pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert H Park
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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15
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Highley CB, Prestwich GD, Burdick JA. Recent advances in hyaluronic acid hydrogels for biomedical applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:35-40. [PMID: 26930175 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in the design of engineered hydrogels, due to its biofunctionality, as well as numerous sites for modification with reactive groups. There are now widespread examples of modified HA macromers that form either covalent or physical hydrogels through crosslinking reactions such as with click chemistry or supramolecular assemblies of guest-host pairs. HA hydrogels range from relatively static matrices to those that exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic properties through external triggers like light. Such hydrogels are being explored for the culture of cells in vitro, as carriers for cells in vivo, or to deliver therapeutics, including in an environmentally responsive manner. The future will bring new examples of HA hydrogels due to the synthetic diversity of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Skindersoe ME, Krogfelt KA, Blom A, Zhang J, Jiang G, Prestwich GD, Mansell JP. Correction: Dual Action of Lysophosphatidate-Functionalised Titanium: Interactions with Human (MG63) Osteoblasts and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147276. [PMID: 26795373 PMCID: PMC4721640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Skindersoe ME, Krogfelt KA, Blom A, Jiang G, Prestwich GD, Mansell JP. Dual Action of Lysophosphatidate-Functionalised Titanium: Interactions with Human (MG63) Osteoblasts and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143509. [PMID: 26605796 PMCID: PMC4659682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is a widely used material for surgical implants; total joint replacements (TJRs), screws and plates for fixing bones and dental implants are forged from Ti. Whilst Ti integrates well into host tissue approximately 10% of TJRs will fail in the lifetime of the patient through a process known as aseptic loosening. These failures necessitate revision arthroplasties which are more complicated and costly than the initial procedure. Finding ways of enhancing early (osseo)integration of TJRs is therefore highly desirable and continues to represent a research priority in current biomaterial design. One way of realising improvements in implant quality is to coat the Ti surface with small biological agents known to support human osteoblast formation and maturation at Ti surfaces. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and certain LPA analogues offer potential solutions as Ti coatings in reducing aseptic loosening. Herein we present evidence for the successful bio-functionalisation of Ti using LPA. This modified Ti surface heightened the maturation of human osteoblasts, as supported by increased expression of alkaline phosphatase. These functionalised surfaces also deterred the attachment and growth of Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium often associated with implant failures through sepsis. Collectively we provide evidence for the fabrication of a dual-action Ti surface finish, a highly desirable feature towards the development of next-generation implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Elena Skindersoe
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department for Infection and Microbiology Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Karen A. Krogfelt
- Department for Infection and Microbiology Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ashley Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Guowei Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States of America
| | - Jason Peter Mansell
- Department of Biological, Biomedical & Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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18
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Alt JA, Qin X, Pulsipher A, Orb Q, Orlandi RR, Zhang J, Schults A, Jia W, Presson AP, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. Topical cathelicidin (LL-37) an innate immune peptide induces acute olfactory epithelium inflammation in a mouse model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:1141-50. [PMID: 26346056 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidin (LL-37) is an endogenous innate immune peptide that is elevated in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The role of LL-37 in olfactory epithelium (OE) inflammation remains unknown. We hypothesized that: (1) LL-37 topically delivered would elicit profound OE inflammation; and (2) LL-37 induced inflammation is associated with increased infiltration of neutrophils and mast cells. METHODS To test our hypothesis we challenged C57BL/6 mice intranasally with increasing concentrations of LL-37. At 24 hours tissues were examined histologically and scored for inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, and secretory hyperplasia. In separate experiments, fluorescently conjugated LL-37 was instilled and tissues were examined at 0.5 and 24 hours. To test our last hypothesis, we performed tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays for neutrophil activity and immunohistochemistry for tryptase to determine the mean number of mast cells per mm(2) . RESULTS LL-37 caused increased inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, and secretory cell hyperplasia of the sinonasal mucosa, with higher LL-37 concentrations yielding significantly more inflammatory changes (p < 0.01). Fluorescent LL-37 demonstrated global sinonasal epithelial binding and tissue distribution. Further, higher concentrations of LL-37 led to significantly greater MPO levels with dose-dependent increases in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION LL-37 has dramatic inflammatory effects in the OE mucosa that is dose-dependent. The observed inflammatory changes in the olfactory mucosa were associated with the infiltration of both neutrophils and mast cells. Our biologic model represents a new model to further investigate the role of LL-37 in OE inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Quinn Orb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Austin Schults
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Angela P Presson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a life-threatening, diffuse heterogeneous lung injury characterized by acute onset, pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common cause of both direct and indirect lung injury and when administered to a mouse induces a lung phenotype exhibiting some of the clinical characteristics of human ALI. Here, we report that LPS inhalation in mice results in increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of Autotaxin (ATX, Enpp2), a lysophospholipase D largely responsible for the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in biological fluids and chronically inflamed sites. In agreement, gradual increases were also detected in BALF LPA levels, following inflammation and pulmonary edema. However, genetic or pharmacologic targeting of ATX had minor effects in ALI severity, suggesting no major involvement of the ATX/LPA axis in acute inflammation. Moreover, systemic, chronic exposure to increased ATX/LPA levels was shown to predispose to and/or to promote acute inflammation and ALI unlike chronic inflammatory pathophysiological situations, further suggesting a differential involvement of the ATX/LPA axis in acute versus chronic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios-Angelos Mouratis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Magkrioti
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Oikonomou
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Katsifa
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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20
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Murph MM, Jiang GW, Altman MK, Jia W, Nguyen DT, Fambrough JM, Hardman WJ, Nguyen HT, Tran SK, Alshamrani AA, Madan D, Zhang J, Prestwich GD. Vinyl sulfone analogs of lysophosphatidylcholine irreversibly inhibit autotaxin and prevent angiogenesis in melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5999-6013. [PMID: 26190462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is an enzyme discovered in the conditioned medium of cultured melanoma cells and identified as a protein that strongly stimulates motility. This unique ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase facilitates the removal of a choline headgroup from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to yield lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a potent lipid stimulator of tumorigenesis. Thus, ATX has received renewed attention because it has a prominent role in malignant progression with significant translational potential. Specifically, we sought to develop active site-targeted irreversible inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological activity of an LPC-mimetic electrophilic affinity label that targets the active site of ATX, which has a critical threonine residue that acts as a nucleophile in the lysophospholipase D reaction to liberate choline. We synthesized a set of quaternary ammonium derivative-containing vinyl sulfone analogs of LPC that function as irreversible inhibitors of ATX and inactivate the enzyme. The analogs were tested in cell viability assays using multiple cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 6.74 to 0.39 μM, consistent with a Ki of 3.50 μM for inhibition of ATX by the C16H33 vinyl sulfone analog CVS-16 (10b). A phenyl vinyl sulfone control compound, PVS-16, lacking the choline-like quaternary ammonium mimicking head group moiety, had little effect on cell viability and did not inhibit ATX. Most importantly, CVS-16 (10b) significantly inhibited melanoma progression in an in vivo tumor model by preventing angiogenesis. Taken together, this suggests that CVS-16 (10b) is a potent and irreversible ATX inhibitor with significant biological activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Murph
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Guowei W Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, United States
| | - Molly K Altman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Duy T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jada M Fambrough
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - William J Hardman
- The University of Georgia and Georgia Regents University Medical Partnership, 1425 Prince Avenue, Athens, GA 30606, United States
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Sterling K Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, 240 W. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Damian Madan
- Echelon Biosciences Incorporated, 675 Arapeen Way, Suite 302, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, United States.
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Lee WY, Savage JR, Gupta K, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD. GM-0111, a modified glycosaminoglycan, to prevent radiation-induced mucositis. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e20688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Kavita Gupta
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Thomas P Kennedy
- Tulane University, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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22
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Astashkina AI, Mann BK, Prestwich GD, Grainger DW. 'Erratum to "Comparing predictive drug nephrotoxicity biomarkers in kidney 3-D primary organoid culture and immortalized cell lines" [Biomaterials 33 (2012) 4712-4721]'. Biomaterials 2014; 38:108. [PMID: 25499931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Astashkina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA
| | - Brenda K Mann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA.
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Wirostko B, Mann BK, Williams DL, Prestwich GD. Ophthalmic Uses of a Thiol-Modified Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogel. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:708-716. [PMID: 25371853 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Hyaluronic acid (HA, or hyaluronan) is a ubiquitous naturally occurring polysaccharide that plays a role in virtually all tissues in vertebrate organisms. HA-based hydrogels have wound-healing properties, support cell delivery, and can deliver drugs locally. Recent Advances: A few HA hydrogels can be customized for composition, physical form, and biomechanical properties. No clinically approved HA hydrogel allows for in vivo crosslinking on administration, has a tunable gelation time to meet wound-healing needs, or enables drug delivery. Recently, a thiolated carboxymethyl HA (CMHA-S) was developed to produce crosslinked hydrogels, sponges, and thin films. CMHA-S can be crosslinked with a thiol-reactive crosslinker or by oxidative disulfide bond formation to form hydrogels. By controlled crosslinking, the shape and form of this material can be manipulated. These hydrogels can be subsequently lyophilized to form sponges or air-dried to form thin films. CMHA-S films, liquids, and gels have been shown to be effective in vivo for treating various injuries and wounds in the eye in veterinary use, and are in clinical development for human use. Critical Issues: Better clinical therapies are needed to treat ophthalmic injuries. Corneal wounds can be treated using this HA-based crosslinked hydrogel. CMHA-S biomaterials can help heal ocular surface defects, can be formed into a film to deliver drugs for local ocular drug delivery, and could deliver autologous limbal stem cells to treat extreme ocular surface damage associated with limbal stem cell deficiencies. Future Directions: This CMHA-S hydrogel increases the options that could be available for improved ocular wound care, healing, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda K. Mann
- SentrX Animal Care, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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25
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Zhuo R, Kosak KM, Sankar S, Wiles ET, Sun Y, Zhang J, Prestwich GD, Shami PJ, Lessnick SL, Cairo MS, Luo W. Abstract 3965: Modulating glutathione s-transferase M4 activity for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a malignant pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor. The prognosis for Ewing sarcoma remains dismal despite of intensive treatments including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Moreover, these unspecific treatments often have severe side effects. We previously reported that Glutathione S-transferase M4 (GSTM4) is a potential specific treatment target for Ewing sarcoma. GSTM4 is required for oncogenic transformation and confers chemotherapeutic drug resistance in Ewing sarcoma cells; high GSTM4 level in primary tumor is correlated with poor patient outcome. Here we further evaluate the efficacy of modulating GSTM4 activity in treating Ewing sarcoma using patient-derived cells and mouse xenograft models. RNA-seq analysis for RNA levels of all GSTs in A673 Ewing sarcoma cells as well as online database searching for GSTM4 RNA level in tumor samples of various sarcomas demonstrate that GSTM4 is specifically highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma. By MTT and soft agar assays, we find that NBDHEX, a GSTM4 inhibitory compound, inhibits cellular proliferation and oncogenic transformation of Ewing sarcoma cells. Furthermore, NBDHEX has a synergistic effect in cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. Conversely, a GSTM4-activated anti-cancer agent, JS-K, significantly decreases Ewing sarcoma cell viability (p<0.05). We find that JS-K works through GSTM4 because knockdown of GSTM4 by shRNA in Ewing sarcoma cells significantly decreases their sensitivity to JS-K (p<0.05). Moreover, JS-K significantly decreases Ewing sarcoma xenograft tumor growth in immunodeficient mice (Mantel-Cox test p=0.0002). Next we examine the underlying mechanism of GSTM4 mediated drug resistance and find that GSTM4 interacts with Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) and inhibits ASK1 activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) mediated apoptosis upon etoposide treatment. Taken together, these data provide further evidence that GSTM4 is a novel therapeutic target for Ewing sarcoma. GSTM4 targeted inhibition by inhibitors or knockdown by RNA interference combined with standard chemotherapeutic regimens are potential treatments more specific and effective for Ewing sarcoma. GSTM4 pro-drugs are promising for treatment of patients with high GSTM4 expression tumors. Our data also suggest that agents intervening of GSTM4/ASK interaction may increase drug sensitivity of Ewing sarcoma cells and tumors and therefore be of therapeutic values.
Citation Format: Rupeng Zhuo, Kenneth M. Kosak, Savita Sankar, Elizabeth T. Wiles, Yin Sun, Jianxing Zhang, Glenn D. Prestwich, Paul J. Shami, Stephen L. Lessnick, Mitchell S. Cairo, Wen Luo. Modulating glutathione s-transferase M4 activity for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3965. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3965
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Zhuo
- 1Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - Yin Sun
- 1Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Luo
- 3New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Murph MM, Altman M, Jia W, Nguyen D, Fambrough J, Hardman WJ, Jiang G, Madan D, Zhang J, Prestwich GD. Abstract 2672: Vinyl sulfone analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine irreversibly inhibit autotaxin and prevent angiogenesis in melanoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is an enzyme discovered in the conditioned medium of cultured melanoma cells and identified as a protein that strongly stimulates motility. This unique ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphodiesterase facilitates the removal of a choline headgroup from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to yield lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a potent lipid stimulator of tumorigenesis. Thus, ATX has received renewed attention because it has a prominent role in malignant progression and represents a promising area of research with significant translational potential. Since ATX inhibitors may have broad implications for therapy, we sought to create a novel series of inhibitors for use against cancer, especially melanoma. Herein we report on the synthesis and biological activity of a targeted affinity label for the active site of ATX, which has a critical threonine residue that acts as a nucleophile in the lysophospholipase D reaction to liberate choline. We synthesized a set of vinyl sulfone analogs of ATX that function as irreversible inhibitors of ATX and inactivate the enzyme. We commenced biological testing of this compound with viability assays against multiple cancer cell lines whereby the IC50 values ranged from 6.74 - 0.39 μM, which was consistent with the Ki of the vinyl sulfone (3.50 μM). In addition, this compound was also able to significantly inhibit melanoma cell wound closure and pore migration. Most importantly, the vinyl sulfone significantly inhibited melanoma progression using an in vivo tumor model by preventing angiogenesis. Taken together, this suggests that the vinyl sulfone is a potent and irreversible ATX inhibitor with significant biological activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Mandi M. Murph, Molly Altman, Wei Jia, Duy Nguyen, Jada Fambrough, William J. Hardman, Guowei Jiang, Damian Madan, Jianxing Zhang, Glenn D. Prestwich. Vinyl sulfone analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine irreversibly inhibit autotaxin and prevent angiogenesis in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2672. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2672
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Jia
- 1University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | | | - William J. Hardman
- 2The University of Georgia and Georgia Regents University Medical Partnership, Athens, GA
| | | | - Damian Madan
- 4Echelon Biosciences Incorporated, Salt Lake City, UT
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Zhuo R, Kosak KM, Sankar S, Wiles ET, Sun Y, Zhang J, Ayello J, Prestwich GD, Shami PJ, Cairo MS, Lessnick SL, Luo W. Targeting Glutathione S-transferase M4 in Ewing sarcoma. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:83. [PMID: 25147782 PMCID: PMC4123608 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a malignant pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor. Although the 5-year survival rate of localized disease approaches 75%, the prognosis of metastatic and/or therapy-resistant disease remains dismal despite the wide use of aggressive therapeutic strategies. We previously reported that high expression of glutathione S-transferase M4 (GSTM4) in primary tumors correlates with poor patient outcomes. GSTM4 is required for oncogenic transformation and mediates resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in Ewing sarcoma cells. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing analyses of Ewing sarcoma cells and combined our results with publicly available datasets to demonstrate that GSTM4 is a major GST specifically expressed in Ewing sarcoma. Pharmacological inhibition of GSTM4 activity using a pan GST inhibitor, 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol (NBDHEX), significantly limited cellular proliferation and oncogenic transformation of Ewing sarcoma cells. Moreover, combined use of NBDHEX and etoposide synergistically increased cytotoxicity, suggesting a role for GSTM4 as an inhibitor of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that GSTM4 limits apoptosis owing to its ability to interact with Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) and inhibit signaling via the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase axis. To exploit our observation that GSTM4 expression is specifically up-regulated in Ewing sarcoma, we tested the effect of a GSTM4-activated anti-cancer agent, O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate or JS-K, on tumor growth and survival. We found that JS-K robustly decreased Ewing sarcoma cell viability and xenograft tumor growth and improved overall survival of xenograft mice. Our data suggest that GSTM4 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of high GSTM4-expressing Ewing sarcoma. Strategies that combine standard chemotherapy with agents that inhibit GSTM4, that are activated by GSTM4, or that block GSTM4/ASK1 interactions, can potentially be more specific and/or efficacious than standard therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Zhuo
- Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Kenneth M Kosak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Savita Sankar
- Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Elizabeth T Wiles
- Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Microarray and Genomic Analysis Core Facility, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Janet Ayello
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Paul J Shami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Department of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Department of Pathology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Children's Cancer Research, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA ; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA ; Department of Pathology, New York Medical College , Valhalla, NY , USA
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Chopra A, Murray ME, Byfield FJ, Mendez MG, Halleluyan R, Restle DJ, Raz-Ben Aroush D, Galie PA, Pogoda K, Bucki R, Marcinkiewicz C, Prestwich GD, Zarembinski TI, Chen CS, Puré E, Kresh JY, Janmey PA. Augmentation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction by hyaluronic acid. Biomaterials 2014; 35:71-82. [PMID: 24120037 PMCID: PMC3930571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in tissue and organ stiffness occur during development and are frequently symptoms of disease. Many cell types respond to the stiffness of substrates and neighboring cells in vitro and most cell types increase adherent area on stiffer substrates that are coated with ligands for integrins or cadherins. In vivo cells engage their extracellular matrix (ECM) by multiple mechanosensitive adhesion complexes and other surface receptors that potentially modify the mechanical signals transduced at the cell/ECM interface. Here we show that hyaluronic acid (also called hyaluronan or HA), a soft polymeric glycosaminoglycan matrix component prominent in embryonic tissue and upregulated during multiple pathologic states, augments or overrides mechanical signaling by some classes of integrins to produce a cellular phenotype otherwise observed only on very rigid substrates. The spread morphology of cells on soft HA-fibronectin coated substrates, characterized by formation of large actin bundles resembling stress fibers and large focal adhesions resembles that of cells on rigid substrates, but is activated by different signals and does not require or cause activation of the transcriptional regulator YAP. The fact that HA production is tightly regulated during development and injury and frequently upregulated in cancers characterized by uncontrolled growth and cell movement suggests that the interaction of signaling between HA receptors and specific integrins might be an important element in mechanical control of development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Chopra
- Dept. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drexel Univ. College of Med, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Dept. of Bioengineering, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Prestwich GD. Interspecific variation of diterpene composition ofCubitermes soldier defense secretions. J Chem Ecol 2013; 10:1219-31. [PMID: 24318907 DOI: 10.1007/bf00988550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/1983] [Revised: 12/16/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Soldiers of the humivorous termite generaCubitermes andCrenetermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae) secrete a mixture of unusual diterpene hydrocarbons from the fontanellar opening of the frontal gland. The defense secretions of sixCubitermes species and oneCrenetermes species show species-specific distributions of the five chemically identified major components and 12 unidentified minor components. The secretion is also present with its characteric terpene distribution in white presoldiers and newly molted soldiers, but is completely absent in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Prestwich
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, 11794, Stony Brook, New York
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Park GY, Lee YG, Berdyshev E, Nyenhuis S, Du J, Fu P, Gorshkova IA, Li Y, Chung S, Karpurapu M, Deng J, Ranjan R, Xiao L, Jaffe HA, Corbridge SJ, Kelly EAB, Jarjour NN, Chun J, Prestwich GD, Kaffe E, Ninou I, Aidinis V, Morris AJ, Smyth SS, Ackerman SJ, Natarajan V, Christman JW. Autotaxin production of lysophosphatidic acid mediates allergic asthmatic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:928-40. [PMID: 24050723 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201306-1014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bioactive lipid mediators, derived from membrane lipid precursors, are released into the airway and airspace where they bind high-affinity cognate receptors and may mediate asthma pathogenesis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid mediator generated by the enzymatic activity of extracellular autotaxin (ATX), binds LPA receptors, resulting in an array of biological actions on cell proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and motility, and therefore could mediate asthma pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To define a role for the ATX-LPA pathway in human asthma pathogenesis and a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. METHODS We investigated the profiles of LPA molecular species and the level of ATX exoenzyme in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of human patients with asthma subjected to subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen. We interrogated the role of the ATX-LPA pathway in allergic lung inflammation using a murine allergic asthma model in ATX-LPA pathway-specific genetically modified mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen in patients with mild asthma resulted in a remarkable increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of LPA enriched in polyunsaturated 22:5 and 22:6 fatty acids in association with increased concentrations of ATX protein. Using a triple-allergen mouse asthma model, we showed that ATX-overexpressing transgenic mice had a more severe asthmatic phenotype, whereas blocking ATX activity and knockdown of the LPA2 receptor in mice produced a marked attenuation of Th2 cytokines and allergic lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The ATX-LPA pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. These preclinical data indicate that targeting the ATX-LPA pathway could be an effective antiasthma treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gye Young Park
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine
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31
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Dickens JC, Prestwich GD, Sun WC. Behavioral and neurosensory responses of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to fluorinated analogs of aldehyde components of its pheromone. J Chem Ecol 2013; 17:1007-20. [PMID: 24259164 DOI: 10.1007/bf01402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/1990] [Accepted: 01/30/1991] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Competitive field tests with α-fluorinated analogs of compounds III and IV (III-α-F and IV-α-F, respectively) of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boh., aggregation pheromone showed these compounds, when combined with the other pheromone components [(±)-I and II], to be as attractive as grandlure [(+)-I, II, and III+IV]. Dose-response curves constructed from electroantennograms of male boll weevils to serial stimulus loads of III, IV, III-α-F, IV-α-F, and the corresponding acyl fluorinated analogs (III-acyl-F and IV-acyl-F) showed the α-fiuorinated analogs to be as active as the pheromone components (threshold=0.1 μg), while the acyl fluorinated analogs had a 10-100 x higher threshold (=1-10 μg). Single-neuron recordings showed that IV neurons and II neurons (Dickens, 1990) responded to IV-α-F and III-α-F, respectively, while IV-acyl-F and III-acyl-F were inactive. Since a previous study showed compounds I, II, and IV to be essential for behavioral responses in the field, it seems likely that the activity of the α-fluorinated analogs observed here is due to the stimulation of IV neurons by IV-α-F as indicated in single neuron recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dickens
- Boll Weevil Research Unit, USDA, ARS, 39762, Mississippi, Mississippi State
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Madan D, Ferguson CG, Lee WY, Prestwich GD, Testa CA. Non-invasive imaging of tumors by monitoring autotaxin activity using an enzyme-activated near-infrared fluorogenic substrate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79065. [PMID: 24278115 PMCID: PMC3835791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX), an autocrine motility factor that is highly upregulated in metastatic cancer, is a lysophospholipase D enzyme that produces the lipid second messenger lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Dysregulation of the lysolipid signaling pathway is central to the pathophysiology of numerous cancers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases. Consequently, the ATX/LPA pathway has emerged as an important source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein we describe development and validation of a fluorogenic analog of LPC (AR-2) that enables visualization of ATX activity in vivo. AR-2 exhibits minimal fluorescence until it is activated by ATX, which substantially increases fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region, the optimal spectral window for in vivo imaging. In mice with orthotopic ATX-expressing breast cancer tumors, ATX activated AR-2 fluorescence. Administration of AR-2 to tumor-bearing mice showed high fluorescence in the tumor and low fluorescence in most healthy tissues with tumor fluorescence correlated with ATX levels. Pretreatment of mice with an ATX inhibitor selectively decreased fluorescence in the tumor. Together these data suggest that fluorescence directly correlates with ATX activity and its tissue expression. The data show that AR-2 is a non-invasive and selective tool that enables visualization and quantitation of ATX-expressing tumors and monitoring ATX activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Madan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DM); (CT)
| | - Colin G. Ferguson
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Testa
- Echelon Biosciences Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DM); (CT)
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Lee WY, Savage JR, Zhang J, Jia W, Oottamasathien S, Prestwich GD. Prevention of anti-microbial peptide LL-37-induced apoptosis and ATP release in the urinary bladder by a modified glycosaminoglycan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77854. [PMID: 24204996 PMCID: PMC3813730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC), often referred to in combination with painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder. Current therapies primarily focus on replenishing urothelial glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer using GAG analogs and managing pain with supportive therapies. However, the elusive etiology of IC and the lack of animal models to study the disease have been major hurdles developing more effective therapeutics. Previously, we showed an increased urinary concentration of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in spina bifida patients and used LL-37 to develop a mouse model of cystitis that mimics important clinical findings of IC. Here we investigate (1) the molecular mechanism of LL-37 induced cystitis in cultured human urothelial cells and in mice, (2) the protective effects of GM-0111, a modified GAG, within the context of this mechanism, (3) the physiological and molecular markers that correlate with the severity of the inflammation, and (4) the protective effects of several GAGs using these biomarkers in our LL-37 induced cystitis model. We find that LL-37 quickly induces release of ATP and apoptosis in the urothelium. These changes can be inhibited by a chemically-modified GAG, GM-0111. Furthermore, we also find that GAG analogs provide varying degrees of protection against LL-37 challenge in mice. These findings suggest that GM-0111 and possibly GAG molecules prevent the development of cystitis by blocking the apoptosis and the concurrent release of ATP from the urothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Swarup VP, Hsiao TW, Zhang J, Prestwich GD, Kuberan B, Hlady V. Exploiting differential surface display of chondroitin sulfate variants for directing neuronal outgrowth. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13488-94. [PMID: 23947484 DOI: 10.1021/ja4056728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known to be primary inhibitors of neuronal regeneration at scar sites. However, a variety of CSPGs are also involved in neuronal growth and guidance during other physiological stages. Sulfation patterns of CS chains influence their interactions with various growth factors in the central nervous system (CNS), thus influencing neuronal growth, inhibition, and pathfinding. This report demonstrates the use of differentially sulfated CS chains for neuronal navigation. Surface-immobilized patterns of CS glycosaminoglycan chains were used to determine neuronal preference toward specific sulfations of five CS variants: CS-A, CS-B (dermatan sulfate), CS-C, CS-D, and CS-E. Neurons preferred CS-A, CS-B, and CS-E and avoided CS-C containing lanes. In addition, significant alignment of neurites was observed using underlying lanes containing CS-A, CS-B, and CS-E chains. To utilize differential preference of neurons toward the CS variants, a binary combinations of CS chains were created by backfilling a neuro-preferred CS variant between the microcontact printed lanes of CS-C stripes, which are avoided by neurons. The neuronal outgrowth results demonstrate for the first time that a combination of sulfation variants of CS chains without any protein component of CSPG is sufficient for directing neuronal outgrowth. Biomaterials with surface immobilized GAG chains could find numerous applications as bridging devices for tackling CNS injuries where directional growth of neurons is critical for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal P Swarup
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and §Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Nikitopoulou I, Kaffe E, Sevastou I, Sirioti I, Samiotaki M, Madan D, Prestwich GD, Aidinis V. A metabolically-stabilized phosphonate analog of lysophosphatidic acid attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70941. [PMID: 23923032 PMCID: PMC3726599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive arthropathy with systemic manifestations, characterized by chronic synovial inflammation. Under the influence of the pro-inflammatory milieu synovial fibroblasts (SFs), the main effector cells in disease pathogenesis become activated and hyperplastic while releasing a number of signals that include pro-inflammatory factors and tissue remodeling enzymes. Activated RA SFs in mouse or human arthritic joints express significant quantities of autotaxin (ATX), a lysophospholipase D responsible for the majority of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in the serum and inflamed sites. Conditional genetic ablation of ATX from SFs resulted in attenuation of disease symptoms in animal models, an effect attributed to diminished LPA signaling in the synovium, shown to activate SF effector functions. Here we show that administration of 1-bromo-3(S)-hydroxy-4-(palmitoyloxy)butyl-phosphonate (BrP-LPA), a metabolically stabilized analog of LPA and a dual function inhibitor of ATX and pan-antagonist of LPA receptors, attenuates collagen induced arthritis (CIA) development, thus validating the ATX/LPA axis as a novel therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Sevastou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivi Sirioti
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Damian Madan
- Echelon Biosciences Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Park AH, Hoyt D, Britt D, Chase S, Tansavatdi K, Hunter L, McGill L, Sheng X, Skardal A, Prestwich GD. Cross-linked hydrogel and polyester resorbable ventilation tubes in a Chinchilla model. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:1043-8. [PMID: 23512811 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine the resorption rate and biocompatibility characteristics of novel cross-linked hydrogel ventilation tubes and varied formulations of polyester ventilation tubes in a Chinchilla model. STUDY DESIGN Animal Study. METHODS Three cross-linked glycosaminoglycan hydrogel ventilation tubes fabricated by cross-linking thiol-modified chondroitin sulfate or thiol-modified carboxymethylated hyaluronic acid, four different polyester ventilation tubes (poly L-lactide [PLA], 50/50 poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolide [PLGA], and silver-impregnated versions of PLA and PLGA tubes) were placed into the tympanic membranes of chinchillas. Commercially available fluoroplastic ventilation tubes were placed in the contralateral ear of each animal to serve as a control. Integrity of the tubes was assessed by weekly otoscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed by auditory brainstem response, by otoscopic and histologic examination of the tympanic membrane at the tube site. RESULTS The hydrogel tubes had very short resorption times that expanded and enlarged the myringotomy site. PLGA and silver-coated PLGA tubes maintained their integrity in the tympanic membrane for similar durations of 18.9 ± 6.4 days and 21.0 ± 6.0 days, respectively. The silver-coated PLGA tubes had lower neutrophil and fibrosis scores than PLGA tubes. PLA tubes demonstrated equivalent findings to commercially available nonresorbable tubes with respect to otoscopic findings, auditory brainstem response thresholds, and histologic inflammatory scores. CONCLUSIONS Resorbable polyester pressure equalization tubes demonstrate predictable resorption behavior and similar biocompatibility characteristics when compared with nonresorbable tubes. Silver modification may confer some stability to PLGA tubes. Hydrogel tubes have very short resorption times, tend to enlarge the myringotomy site, and show greater inflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert H Park
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Jiang G, Inoue A, Aoki J, Prestwich GD. Phosphorothioate analogs of sn-2 radyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): Metabolically stabilized LPA receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1865-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D. Prestwich
- Dr. Glenn D. Prestwich is Presidential Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Presidential Special Assistant for Faculty Entrepreneurism at the University of Utah
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Oottamasathien S, Jia W, Roundy LM, Zhang J, Wang L, Ye X, Hill AC, Savage J, Lee WY, Hannon AM, Milner S, Prestwich GD. Physiological relevance of LL-37 induced bladder inflammation and mast cells. J Urol 2013; 190:1596-1602. [PMID: 23313203 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We established the physiological relevance of LL-37 induced bladder inflammation. We hypothesized that 1) human urinary LL-37 is increased in pediatric patients with spina bifida, 2) LL-37 induced inflammation occurs in our mouse model via urothelial binding and is dose dependent and 3) LL-37 induced inflammation involves mast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test our first hypothesis, we obtained urine samples from 56 pediatric patients with spina bifida and 22 normal patients. LL-37 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our second hypothesis was tested in C57Bl/6 mice challenged with 7 LL-37 concentrations intravesically for 1 hour. At 24 hours tissues were examined histologically and myeloperoxidase assay was done to quantitate inflammation. In separate experiments fluorescent LL-37 was instilled and tissues were obtained immediately (time = 0) and at 24 hours (time = 24). To test our final hypothesis, we performed immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase and evaluated 5 high power fields per bladder to determine the mean number of mast cells per mm(2). RESULTS Urinary LL-37 was 89-fold higher in patients with spina bifida. Mouse LL-37 dose escalation experiments revealed increased inflammation at higher LL-37 concentrations. Fluorescent LL-37 demonstrated global urothelial binding at time = 0 but was not visible at time = 24. Immunohistochemistry for tryptase revealed mast cell infiltration in all tissue layers. At higher concentrations the LL-37 challenge led to significantly greater mast cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Urinary LL-37 was significantly increased in pediatric patients with spina bifida. To our knowledge we report for the first time that LL-37 can elicit profound, dose dependent bladder inflammation involving the urothelium. Finally, inflammation propagation involves mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lindsi McCoard Roundy
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiangyang Ye
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - A Cameron Hill
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Justin Savage
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wong Yong Lee
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ann Marie Hannon
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sylvia Milner
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Pediatric Urology (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM) and Departments of Surgery (SO, WJ, LMR, LW, ACH, AMH, SM), Medicinal Chemistry (JZ, GDP) and Pharmacotherapy (XY) and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials (JZ, GDP), University of Utah/Primary Children's Medical Center and GlycoMira Therapeutics, L.L.C. (JS, WYL), Salt Lake City, Utah
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; The University of Utah; Salt Lake City, UT USA
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Abramson S, Ackermann DM, Akins R, Anders R, Andersen PJ, Anderson JM, Ankrum JA, Anseth KS, Antonucci J, Atzet S, Badylak SF, Baura GD, Bellamkonda RV, Best SM, Bhumiratana S, Bianco RW, Bokros JC, Borovetz HS, Boskey AL, Brown JL, Brown BN, Brown SA, Brunski JB, Cahn F, Ritchie AC, Caplan AI, Carpenedo RL, Chilkoti A, Chung S, Cimetta E, Cleary G, Clements IP, Colas A, Coleman KP, Conway DE, Cooper SL, Costerton B, Coury AJ, Cunanan C, Curtis J, D’Amore A, DeMeo P, Desai TA, Dickens S, Domingo G, Duncan E, Eskin SG, Feigal DW, Ferreira L, Fuller J, Gallegos RP, Gawalt E, Ghosh K, Ghosn B, Gilbert TW, Glaser DE, Godier-Furnemont A, Gombotz WR, Grainger DW, Grunkemeier GL, Hacking SA, Hallab NJ, Hall-Stoodley L, Hanson SR, Haubold AD, Hauch KD, Hawkins KR, Heath DE, Helm DL, Hench LL, Hensten A, Hill RT, Hobson C, Hoerstrup SP, Hoffman AS, Horbett TA, Hubbell JA, Humayun MS, Ideker R, Ingber DE, Jain R, Jacob J, Jacobs JJ, Jacobsen N, Jin R, Johnson RJ, Karp JM, Kasper FK, Kathju S, Khademhosseini A, Kim S, King MW, Kleiner LW, Kohn J, Koschwanez HE, Kumbar SG, Kuo CK, LaFleur L, Lahti MT, Lambert B, Langer R, Laurencin CT, Lee-Parritz D, Lemons JE, Levin M, Levy RJ, Lewerenz GM, Li WJ, Lin CC, Liu F, Lowrie WG, Lu Y, Lysaght MJ, Maidhof R, Mansbridge J, Cristina M, Martins L, Martin J, Mayesh JP, McDevitt TC, McIntire LV, Merrit K, Migliaresi C, Mikos AG, Misch CE, Mitchell RN, More RB, Moss CW, Munson JM, Navarro M, Nerem RM, Ogawa R, Orgill BD, Orgill DP, Padera RF, Pandit A, Park K, Patel AS, Peck RB, Peckham PH, Peppas NA, Pereira MN, Planell J, Popat KC, Prestwich GD, Pun SH, Rabolt J, Rainbow RS, Rajab T, Ratner BD, Reichert WM, Rivard AL, Rowley AP, Ruan G, Sacks M, Sarkar D, Schaefer S, Schmidt CE, Schoen FJ, Schutte SC, Sefton MV, Shalaby SW, Shirtliff M, Simon MA, Singh M, Slack SM, Spelman FA, Starr A, Stayton PS, Steinert R, Stoodley P, Suri S, Swi Chang TM, Tandon N, Tanguay AR, Taylor MS, Teo GS, Thodeti CK, Tolkoff J, Treiser M, Tuan RS, Tucker EI, Venugopalan R, Vicari AR, Viney C, Voight JM, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wagner WR, Wang L, Wasiluk KR, Watts DC, Weigl BH, Weiland JD, Whalen JJ, Williams DF, Williams RL, Wilson JT, Wilson CG, Winter J, Wolf MF, Wright JC, Yager P, Zhao W. Contributors. Biomater Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-087780-8.00150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Roundy LM, Jia W, Zhang J, Ye X, Prestwich GD, OottamasathienQ S. LL-37 induced cystitis and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:1-8. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.48a2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Prestwich GD, Erickson IE, Zarembinski TI, West M, Tew WP. The translational imperative: making cell therapy simple and effective. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4200-7. [PMID: 22776825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current practice of cell therapy, in which multipotent or terminally differentiated cells are injected into tissues or intravenously, is inefficient. Few therapeutic cells are retained at the site of administration and engraftment is low. An injectable and biologically appropriate vehicle for delivery, retention, growth and differentiation of therapeutic cells is needed to improve the efficacy of cell therapy. We focus on a hyaluronan-based semi-synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM), HyStem®, which is a manufacturable, approvable and affordable clinical product. The composition of this sECM can be customized for use with mesenchymal stem cells as well as cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent sources. In addition, it can support therapeutic uses of progenitor and mature cell populations obtained from skin, fat, liver, heart, muscle, bone, cartilage, nerves and other tissues. This overview presents four pre-clinical uses of HyStem® for cell therapy to repair injured vocal folds, improve post-myocardial infarct heart function, regenerate damaged liver tissue and restore brain function following ischemic stroke. Finally, we address the real-world limitations - manufacture, regulation, market acceptance and financing - surrounding cell therapy and the development of clinical combination products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and The Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1257, USA.
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Oikonomou N, Mouratis MA, Tzouvelekis A, Kaffe E, Valavanis C, Vilaras G, Karameris A, Prestwich GD, Bouros D, Aidinis V. Pulmonary autotaxin expression contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:566-74. [PMID: 22744859 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0004oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic form of diffuse lung disease occurring mainly in older adults. Increased lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) concentrations have been reported in the alveolar space of both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and a corresponding animal model, whereas the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of LPA receptor 1 attenuated the development of the modeled disease, suggesting a direct involvement of LPA in disease pathogenesis. In this report, increased concentrations of autotaxin (ATX; ENPP2), the enzyme largely responsible for extracellular LPA production, were detected in both murine and human fibrotic lungs. The genetic deletion of ATX from bronchial epithelial cells or macrophages attenuated disease severity, establishing ATX as a novel player in IPF pathogenesis. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of ATX attenuated the development of the modeled disease, suggesting that ATX is a possible therapeutic target in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Oikonomou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
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Bhakta G, Rai B, Lim ZXH, Hui JH, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Prestwich GD, Cool SM. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels functionalized with heparin that support controlled release of bioactive BMP-2. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6113-22. [PMID: 22687758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive factor, yet its clinical use is limited by a short biological half-life, rapid local clearance and propensity for side effects. Heparin (HP), a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that avidly binds BMP-2, has inherent biological properties that may circumvent these limitations. Here, we compared hyaluronan-based hydrogels formulated to include heparin (Heprasil™) with similar gels without heparin (Glycosil™) for their ability to deliver bioactive BMP-2 in vitro and in vivo. The osteogenic activity of BMP-2 released from the hydrogels was evaluated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation in mesenchymal precursor cells. The osteoinductive ability of these hydrogels was determined in a rat ectopic bone model by 2D radiography, 3D μ-CT and histological analyses at 8 weeks post-implantation. Both hydrogels sustain the release of BMP-2. Importantly, the inclusion of a small amount of heparin (0.3% w/w) attenuated release of BMP-2 and sustained its osteogenic activity for up to 28 days. In contrast, hydrogels lacking heparin released more BMP-2 initially but were unable to maintain BMP-2 activity at later time points. Ectopic bone-forming assays using transplanted hydrogels emphasized the therapeutic importance of the initial burst of BMP-2 rather than its long-term osteogenic activity. Thus, tuning the burst release phase of BMP-2 from hydrogels may be advantageous for optimal bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajadhar Bhakta
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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Cheng K, Blusztajn A, Shen D, Li TS, Sun B, Galang G, Zarembinski TI, Prestwich GD, Marbán E, Smith RR, Marbán L. Functional performance of human cardiosphere-derived cells delivered in an in situ polymerizable hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5317-24. [PMID: 22560668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of cells delivered into the heart by conventional means are lost within the first 24 h. Methods are needed to enhance cell retention, so as to minimize loss of precious material and maximize effectiveness of the therapy. We tested a cell-hydrogel delivery strategy. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were grown from adult human cardiac biopsy specimens. In situ polymerizable hydrogels made of hyaluronan and porcine gelatin (Hystem(®)-C™) were formulated as a liquid at room temperature so as to gel within 20 min at 37 °C. CDC viability and migration were not compromised in Hystem-C™. Myocardial infarction was created in SCID mice and CDCs were injected intramyocardially in the infarct border zone. Real-time PCR revealed engraftment of CDCs delivered in Hystem-C™ was increased by nearly an order of magnitude. LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) deteriorated in the control (PBS only) group over the 3-week time course. Hystem-C™ alone or CDCs alone preserved LVEF relative to baseline, while CDCs delivered in Hystem-C™ resulted in a sizable boost in LVEF. Heart morphometry revealed the greatest attenuation of LV remodeling in the CDC + Hystem-C™ group. Histological analysis suggested cardiovascular differentiation of the CDCs in Hystem-C™. However, the majority of functional benefit is likely from paracrine mechanisms such as tissue preservation and neovascularization. A CDC/hydrogel formulation suitable for catheter-based intramyocardial injection exhibits superior engraftment and functional benefits relative to naked CDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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He J, Gajewiak J, Scott JL, Gong D, Ali M, Best MD, Prestwich GD, Stahelin RV, Kutateladze TG. Metabolically stabilized derivatives of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate: synthesis and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:1312-9. [PMID: 22035800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) lipid is an essential component of eukaryotic membranes and a marker of the Golgi complex. Here, we developed metabolically stabilized (ms) analogs of PtdIns(4)P and the inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP(2)) head group derivative and demonstrated that these compounds can substitute the natural lipid fully retaining its physiological activities. The methylenephosphonate (MP) and phosphorothioate (PT) analogs of PtdIns(4)P and the aminohexyl (AH)-IP(2) probe are recognized by the PtdIns(4)P-specific PH domain of four phosphate adaptor protein 1 (FAPP1). Binding of FAPP1 to the PtdIns(4)P derivatives stimulates insertion of the PH domain into the lipid layers and induces tubulation of membranes. Both ms analogs and IP(2) probes could be invaluable for identifying protein effectors and characterizing PtdIns(4)P-dependent signaling cascades within the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Abstract
Vocal folds are anatomically and biomechanically unique, thus complicating the design and implementation of tissue engineering strategies for repair and regeneration. Integration of an enhanced understanding of tissue biomechanics, wound healing dynamics and innovative gel-based therapeutics has generated enthusiasm for the notion that an efficacious treatment for vocal fold scarring could be clinically attainable within several years. Fibroblast phenotype and gene expression are mediated by the three-dimensional mechanical and chemical microenvironment at an injury site. Thus, therapeutic approaches need to coordinate spatial and temporal aspects of the wound healing response in an injured vocal tissue to achieve an optimal clinical outcome. Successful gel-based injectables for vocal fold scarring will require a keen understanding of how the native inflammatory response sets into motion the later extracellular matrix remodeling, which in turn will determine the ultimate biomechanical properties of the tissue. We present an overview of the challenges associated with this translation as well as the proposed gel-based injectable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Bartlett
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 5107 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
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Yang G, Prestwich GD, Mann BK. Thiolated carboxymethyl-hyaluronic-Acid-based biomaterials enhance wound healing in rats, dogs, and horses. ISRN Vet Sci 2012; 2011:851593. [PMID: 23738117 PMCID: PMC3658841 DOI: 10.5402/2011/851593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The progression of wound healing is a complicated but well-known process involving many factors, yet there are few products on the market that enhance and accelerate wound healing. This is particularly problematic in veterinary medicine where multiple species must be treated and large animals heal slower, oftentimes with complicating factors such as the development of exuberant granulation tissue. In this study a crosslinked-hyaluronic-acid (HA-) based biomaterial was used to treat wounds on multiple species: rats, dogs, and horses. The base molecule, thiolated carboxymethyl HA, was first found to increase keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. Crosslinked gels and films were then both found to enhance the rate of wound healing in rats and resulted in thicker epidermis than untreated controls. Crosslinked films were used to treat wounds on forelimbs of dogs and horses. Although wounds healed slower compared to rats, the films again enhanced wound healing compared to untreated controls, both in terms of wound closure and quality of tissue. This study indicates that these crosslinked HA-based biomaterials enhance wound healing across multiple species and therefore may prove particularly useful in veterinary medicine. Reduced wound closure times and better quality of healed tissue would decrease risk of infection and pain associated with open wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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