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Shipman PA, Yathavan B, Gill AS, Pollard CE, Yellepeddi V, Ghandehari H, Alt JA, Pulsipher A, Smith KA. Quantification of Budesonide Retained in the Sinonasal Cavity After High-Volume Saline Irrigation in Post-Operative Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024; 38:169-177. [PMID: 38456692 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241237839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Budesonide high-volume saline irrigations (HVSIs) are routinely used to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) due to improved sinonasal delivery and efficacy compared to intranasal corticosteroid sprays. The off-label use of budesonide is assumed to be safe, with several studies suggesting the systemically absorbed dose of budesonide HVSI is low. However, the actual budesonide dose retained in the sinonasal cavity following HVSI is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the retained dose of budesonide after HVSI. METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with CRS who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and were prescribed budesonide HVSI were enrolled into a prospective, observational cohort study. Patients performed budesonide HVSI (0.5 mg dose) under supervision in an outpatient clinic, and irrigation effluent was collected. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the dose of budesonide retained after HVSI. RESULTS Twenty-four patients met inclusion criteria. The average corrected retained dose of budesonide across the cohort was 0.171 ± 0.087 mg (37.9% of administered budesonide). Increased time from ESS significantly impacted the measured retained dose, with those 3 months post-ESS retaining 27.4% of administered budesonide (P = .0004). CONCLUSION The retained dose of budesonide in patients with CRS after HVSI was found to be significantly higher than previously estimated and decreased with time post-ESS. Given that budesonide HVSI is a cornerstone of care in CRS, defining the retained dose and the potential systemic implications is critical to understanding the safety of budesonide HVSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A Shipman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amarbir S Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Venkata Yellepeddi
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Yathavan B, Chhibber T, Steinhauff D, Pulsipher A, Alt JA, Ghandehari H, Jafari P. Matrix-Mediated Delivery of Silver Nanoparticles for Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2426. [PMID: 37896186 PMCID: PMC10610389 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic health condition affecting the sinonasal cavity. CRS-associated mucosal inflammation leads to sinonasal epithelial cell death and epithelial cell barrier disruption, which may result in recurrent bacterial infections and biofilm formation. For patients who fail medical management and elect endoscopic sinus surgery for disease control, bacterial biofilm formation is particularly detrimental, as it reduces the efficacy of surgical intervention. Effective treatments that prevent biofilm formation in post-operative patients in CRS are currently limited. To address this unmet need, we report the controlled release of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) with silk-elastinlike protein-based polymers (SELPs) to prevent bacterial biofilm formation in CRS. This polymeric network is liquid at room temperature and forms a hydrogel at body temperature, and is hence, capable of conforming to the sinonasal cavity upon administration. SELP hydrogels demonstrated sustained AgNp and silver ion release for the studied period of three days, potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (**** p < 0.0001) and Staphylococcus aureus (**** p < 0.0001), two of the most commonly virulent bacterial strains observed in patients with post-operative CRS, and high cytocompatibility with human nasal epithelial cells. Antibacterial controlled release platform shows promise for treating patients suffering from prolonged sinonasal cavity infections due to biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Tanya Chhibber
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Douglas Steinhauff
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Paris Jafari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (B.Y.); (T.C.); (A.P.); (J.A.A.); (H.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yathavan B, Ellis A, Jedrzkiewicz J, Subrahmanyam N, Khurana N, Pulsipher A, Alt JA, Ghandehari H. Systemic administration of budesonide in pegylated liposomes for improved efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Control Release 2023; 360:274-284. [PMID: 37353160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nasal and paranasal sinuses of approximately 11.5% of the United States adult population. Oral corticosteroids are effective in controlling sinonasal inflammation in CRS, but the associated adverse effects limit their clinical use. Topical budesonide has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with CRS. Herein, we investigated the systemic delivery of liposomes tethered with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and loaded with budesonide in a murine model of CRS. PEGylated liposomes encapsulated with budesonide phosphate (L-BudP) were administered via tail vein injection, and the feasibility of L-BudP to reduce sinonasal inflammation was compared to that of free budesonide phosphate (F-BudP) and topical budesonide phosphate (T-BudP) treatment over a 14-day study period. Compared to a single injection of F-BudP and repeat T-BudP administration, a single injection of L-BudP demonstrated increased and prolonged efficacy, resulting in the significant improvement of sinonasal tissue histopathological scores (p < 0.05) with decreased immune cell infiltration (p < 0.05). Toxicities associated with L-BudP and T-BudP treatment, assessed via body and organ weight, as well as peripheral blood liver enzyme and differential white blood cell analyses, were transient and comparable. These data suggest that systemic liposomal budesonide treatment results in improved efficacy over topical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexa Ellis
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Nithya Subrahmanyam
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nitish Khurana
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Smith KA, Gill AS, Pollard CE, Sumsion JS, Saffari H, Ashby S, Witt BL, Shipman PA, Gabrielsen DA, Yim MT, Levy JM, Oakley GM, Orlandi RR, Gleich GJ, Alt JA, Pulsipher A. An eosinophil peroxidase activity assay accurately predicts eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:400-407. [PMID: 37148919 PMCID: PMC10524284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A definitive diagnosis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) requires invasive surgical tissue sampling and histologic enumeration of intact eosinophils. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is an accurate biomarker of sinonasal tissue eosinophilia in CRS regardless of polyp status. A less invasive and rapid method that accurately identifies tissue eosinophilia would be of great benefit to patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate a new clinical tool that uses a nasal swab and colorimetric EPX activity assay to predict a diagnosis of eCRS. METHODS A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted using nasal swabs and sinonasal tissue biopsies obtained from patients with CRS electing endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients were classified as non-eCRS (n = 19) and eCRS (n = 35) on the basis of pathologically determined eosinophil counts of less than 10 or greater than or equal to 10 eosinophils/HPF, respectively. Swab-deposited EPX activity was measured and compared with tissue eosinophil counts, EPX levels, and CRS-specific disease metrics. RESULTS EPX activity was significantly increased in patients with eCRS than in patients without eCRS (P < .0001). With a relative absorbance unit cutoff value of greater than or equal to 0.80, the assay demonstrated high sensitivity (85.7%) and moderate specificity (79.0%) for confirming eCRS. Spearman correlations between EPX activity and tissue eosinophil counts (rs = 0.424), EPX levels (rs = 0.503), and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores (rs = 0.440) in eCRS were significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This investigation evaluates a nasal swab sampling method and EPX activity assay that accurately confirms eCRS. This method could potentially address the unmet need to identify sinonasal tissue eosinophilia at the point-of-care, as well as to longitudinally monitor eosinophil activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amarbir S Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jorgen S Sumsion
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hedieh Saffari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shaelene Ashby
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benjamin L Witt
- Cytopathology Section, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paige A Shipman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Gabrielsen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael T Yim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, La
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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5
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Khurana N, Babajanian E, McCrary H, Pulsipher A, Ghandehari H, Alt JA, Cannon RB. Vascular permeability in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers aids in fluorescent image-guided transoral robotic surgery using indocyanine green. Head Neck 2023. [PMID: 37158163 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent image (FI)-guided surgery has demonstrated success in improving intraoperative visualization and tumor resections. The objectives were to evaluate the use of IGC in FI-guided transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCCa) patient (n = 10) undergoing TORS were enrolled in this prospective study. Participants received intravenous ICG. Excised tissues were evaluated for ICG accumulation, tumor demarcation, and pathological characteristics using In-vivo imaging system (IVIS), histology, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS ICG accumulation was significantly increased in primary tumor and pathological lymph nodes compared with normal tissues (p < 0.001). IVIS was 91.3% accurate in identifying OPSCCa in excised tissues; the correlation between IVIS- and histologically determined tumor tissues was significant (R2 = 0.8301; p = 0.001). Genes associated with vascular and angiogenic signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in OPSCCa tissues. CONCLUSION ICG effectively demarcates tumor margins in OPSCCa, due to the increased upregulation of genes associated with vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Khurana
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric Babajanian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hilary McCrary
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard B Cannon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Smith K, Pulsipher A. A Minimally Invasive Sinonasal Swab Sampling Method and Eosinophil Peroxidase Activity Assay Accurately Predicts Tissue Eosinophilia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gill AS, Alt JA, Pulsipher A, Smith KA, Subrahmanyam NB, Sumsion JS, Jacob J, Milash BA, Orlandi RR. Topographic distribution of gene expression and sinonasal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:719-722. [PMID: 35218263 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nithya B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jorgen S Sumsion
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joseph Jacob
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brett A Milash
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Gill AS, Pulsipher A, Sumsion JS, Howe H, Alt JA. Comorbid asthma may be associated with local inflammatory profile switching among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 12:784-787. [PMID: 34821066 PMCID: PMC9050745 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jorgen S Sumsion
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heather Howe
- Department of Pulmonology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Khurana N, Yathavan B, Jedrzkiewicz J, Gill AS, Pulsipher A, Alt JA, Ghandehari H. Vascular permeability in chronic rhinosinusitis enhances accumulation and retention of nanoscale pegylated liposomes. Nanomedicine 2021; 38:102453. [PMID: 34363985 PMCID: PMC10499165 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a debilitating inflammatory disorder of the sinonasal mucosa that substantially diminishes patient quality of life. Progress surrounding management of this disease has been crippled by a lack of therapeutic innovation. It has been posited that increased vascularity within the diseased sinuses of patients with CRS may allow for improved systemic drug delivery via nanoscale liposomal carriers. Such a system could enhance drug distribution, accumulation, and retention within the sinuses, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. PEGylated liposomes loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) were synthesized, characterized and systemically administered in a mouse model of CRS. Accumulation and retention of ICG in sinonasal tissue were evaluated. Compared to healthy controls, CRS mice showed significant sinonasal tissue accumulation and retention of PEGylated liposomal ICG for up to 21 days (P < 0.001). Conversely, free ICG was eliminated from the body after 24 h in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Yathavan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Amarbir S Gill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Blight BJ, Gill AS, Sumsion JS, Pollard CE, Ashby S, Oakley GM, Alt JA, Pulsipher A. Cell Adhesion Molecules are Upregulated and May Drive Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:585-593. [PMID: 34079296 PMCID: PMC8166329 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s307197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is predominantly characterized by eosinophil- and T helper 2 cell (Th2)-biased inflammation. Integrins and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) are superfamilies of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that facilitate the recruitment and trafficking of immune cells and have been implicated in coordinating eosinophil and Th2 cell adhesion and signaling in asthma. The roles of CAMs in CRSwNP, however, remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the systemic and local expression of CAMs and identify which CAMs are potentially involved in CRSwNP pathology. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted using peripheral blood and anterior ethmoid tissues of patients with CRSwNP (n=32) and controls (n=15). Multiplex gene analysis and Pearson correlations were performed to identify associations between systemically and locally expressed CAMs. Based on the gene expression results, immunohistochemical evaluation and quantification of cells expressing integrins ITGAM, ITGAX, and ITGB2, as well as ICAM-3 in sinonasal tissues were conducted to compare local protein expression patterns. Results Integrin and ICAM genes were significantly elevated in the blood (p<0.001 to p<0.05) and sinuses (p<0.0003 to p<0.05) of patients with CRSwNP compared to controls. Strong positive correlations of genes expressed in the blood (p<0.01 to p<0.05) and sinuses (p<0.01) were observed between ITGAM, ITGAX, ITGB2, and ICAM3. ITGAM-, ITGB2-, ICAM-3-, and ICAM-3/ITGB2-positive cell counts were significantly increased in CRSwNP compared to controls (p<0.0001 to p<0.04), and a positive correlation between ICAM-3/ITGB2- and ITGAM-positive cell counts was observed (p<0.02). Conclusion The systemic and local expression of ITGAM, ITGB2, and ICAM-3 is significantly upregulated in CRSwNP, suggesting that integrin complex ITGAM/ITGB2 and ICAM-3 serve a potential role in inflammation-mediated signaling in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Blight
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jorgen S Sumsion
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shaelene Ashby
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Gill AS, Pulsipher A, Sumsion JS, Oakley GM, Leclair LW, Howe H, Orlandi RR, Alt JA. Transcriptional Changes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Asthma Favor a Type 2 Molecular Endotype Independent of Polyp Status. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:405-413. [PMID: 33911879 PMCID: PMC8071779 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s301825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data regarding the inflammatory profile of patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS-A) with (CRSwNP-A) and without (CRSsNP-A) nasal polyposis remain limited. Objective Define and compare systemic transcriptional changes in patients with CRS-A to those with non-asthma-related CRS with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). Methods Thirty-four patients with CRS-A (n=19) and CRS (n=15) were prospectively enrolled into an observational study. Demographic information and subjective and objective disease severity measures were recorded. Multiplex gene expression analysis of mRNA extracted from peripheral blood was performed. A total of 594 genes associated with innate/adaptive immunity were analyzed using NanoString technology. Gene expression ratios were reported for genes that were differentially expressed among these cohorts. Linear regression analysis was used to compare the mRNA transcript copy numbers for each gene with disease severity. Results There was no significant difference in age, gender, nasal polyposis, or health-related quality of life measures between the two groups (p>0.05). HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB3-1 beta chain (HLA-DRB3) was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with CRSsNP-A compared to CRSsNP, whereas chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 4 (CCL4) and zinc finger protein helios (IKZF2) were significantly upregulated in CRSwNP-A compared to CRSwNP (p<0.05). Conclusion Patients with CRSsNP-A demonstrate a molecular endotype associated with a Th2-dominant inflammatory profile compared to CRSsNP. Patients with CRSwNP-A similarly demonstrate an overrepresentation of genes associated with Th2-driven inflammation compared to patients with CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laurie W Leclair
- Department of Pulmonology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather Howe
- Department of Pulmonology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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12
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Pulsipher A, Savage JR, Kennedy TP, Gupta K, Cuiffo BG, Sonis ST, Lee WY. GM-1111 reduces radiation-induced oral mucositis in mice by targeting pattern recognition receptor-mediated inflammatory signaling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249343. [PMID: 33770116 PMCID: PMC7997003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral mucositis (OM) is a common, painful side effect of radiation therapy used for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). Activation of the innate immune system upon irradiation has been identified as a key precipitating event of OM. To better understand OM's pathogenesis, we studied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of radiation-induced OM. We also tested therapeutic efficacy of GM-1111 that targets innate immune system to reduce radiation-induced OM. METHODS AND MATERIALS The pathogenesis of OM was studied in a single X-ray induced mouse model. The severity of OM was measured by visual and microscopical examinations. The irradiation-induced changes of PRRs and their downstream effector cytokine gene expression levels were determined. The efficacy of GM-1111 to reduce OM was tested in single and fractionated irradiation mouse models. The impact of the drug on tumor response to radiation therapy was also tested in a mouse model of human HNC. RESULTS Radiation-induced tissue ulcerations were radiation-dosage and -time dependent. The lesions showed selective increases in PRR and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels. Once daily administration of GM-1111 (≥30 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly reduced the severity and the incidence of OM. The drug had little effect on PRRs but significantly inhibited downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. GM-1111 did not interfere radiation therapy to induce HNC SCC-25 tumor regression. Instead, we observed significant drug-induced tumor regression. CONCLUSIONS Radiation induces tissue damages. The increased expression levels of PRRs and their downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the damaged tissues suggest their important contribution to the pathogenesis of OM. Drug GM-1111 that targets these innate immune molecules may be a potential drug candidate as an intervention for OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kavita Gupta
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | | | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Kummarapurugu AB, Zheng S, Pulsipher A, Savage JR, Ma J, Rubin BK, Kennedy TP, Voynow JA. Polysulfated Hyaluronan GlycoMira-1111 Inhibits Elastase and Improves Rheology in Cystic Fibrosis Sputum. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:260-267. [PMID: 33264072 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0157oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is marked by high concentrations of neutrophil elastase (NE) and DNA polymers; both factors contribute to airway disease. Although inhaled recombinant human dornase alfa reduces the frequency of CF pulmonary exacerbations, it also increases free NE activity in the sputum. There are no approved anti-NE therapies for patients with CF. We investigated whether synthetic, low-molecular weight polysulfated hyaluronan GlycoMira-1111 (GM-1111) would be effective as an anti-NE drug using ex vivo CF sputum. Anti-NE activity of GM-1111 was tested in CF sputum in the presence or absence of dornase alfa and/or hypertonic saline using a spectrophotometric assay specific for human NE and was compared with unfractionated heparin. We tested whether GM-1111 disaggregated DNA from CF sputum (using gel electrophoresis analysis) or modified CF sputum viscoelastic properties (using a dynamic rheometer). GM-1111 and unfractionated heparin had near equivalent anti-NE activity in CF sputum in the presence of dornase alfa. Both GM-1111 and unfractionated heparin retained anti-NE activity in hypertonic saline but with decreased activity. GM-1111 increased the release of soluble DNA in CF sputum, resulting in improved depolymerization efficacy of dornase alfa. GM-1111 decreased CF sputum elasticity. GM-1111 inhibited NE activity, enhanced DNA depolymerization by deoxyribonuclease, and decreased viscoelastic properties of CF sputum, similar to effects reported previously for unfractionated heparin. Unlike heparins, GM-1111 is synthetic, with minimal anticoagulant activity, and is not derived from animal products. These key attributes provide advantages over unfractionated heparin as a potential therapeutic for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apparao B Kummarapurugu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Jonathan Ma
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Bruce K Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Thomas P Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.,Department of Medicine, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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14
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Khurana N, Pulsipher A, Ghandehari H, Alt JA. Meta-analysis of global and high throughput public gene array data for robust vascular gene expression discovery in chronic rhinosinusitis: Implications in controlled release. J Control Release 2021; 330:878-888. [PMID: 33144181 PMCID: PMC7906912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is known to cause alterations in vascular homeostasis that directly affects blood vessel morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue permeability. These phenomena have been investigated and exploited for targeted drug delivery applications in the context of cancers and other disease processes. Vascular pathophysiology and its associated genes and signaling pathways, however, have not been systematically investigated in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding the interplay between key vascular signaling pathways and top biomarkers associated with CRS may facilitate the development of new targeted delivery strategies and treatment paradigms. Herein, we report findings from a gene meta-analysis to identify key vascular pathways and top genes involved in CRS. METHODS Proprietary software (Illumina BaseSpace Correlation Engine) and open-access data sets were used to perform a gene meta-analysis to systematically determine significant differences between key vascular biomarkers and vascular signaling pathways expressed in sinonasal tissue biopsies of controls and patients with CRS. RESULTS Thirteen studies were initially identified, and then reduced to five after applying exclusion principle algorithms. Genes associated with vasculature development and blood vessel morphogenesis signaling pathways were identified to be overexpressed among the top 15 signaling pathways. Out of many significantly upregulated genes, the levels of pro angiogenic genes such as early growth response (EGR3), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM1) and L-selectin (SELL) were particularly significant in patients with CRS compared to controls. DISCUSSION Key vascular biomarkers and signaling pathways were significantly overexpressed in patients with CRS compared to controls, suggesting a contribution of vascular dysfunction in CRS pathophysiology. Vascular dysregulation and permeability may afford opportunities to develop drug delivery systems to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity of CRS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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15
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Khurana N, Pulsipher A, Jedrzkiewicz J, Ashby S, Pollard CE, Ghandehari H, Alt JA. Inflammation-driven vascular dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:976-983. [PMID: 33135871 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered neovascularity is typically observed in chronic inflammatory diseases with overlapping pathophysiology to that observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, characterization of these inflammatory-induced vascular-mediated changes in CRS is limited. Understanding the underlying vascular changes in CRS will allow for strategic design and development of new drug-delivery technologies that exploit vascular permeability for increased extravasation into the target sinonasal tissues. METHODS Patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and non-CRS controls were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. The extent of angiogenesis in tissue was characterized using immunohistochemical and multiplex gene expression analyses. Vascular permeability, interendothelial junction structures, and endothelial barrier morphology were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Sinonasal vascularity was increased significantly in CRSsNP and CRSwNP (p < 0.05) when compared with controls, as assessed by enumerating the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1)-positive blood vessels. Pro-angiogenic gene expression, including PECAM1 and platelet-activating factor receptor, was elevated significantly in patients with CRSwNP when compared with controls (p < 0.05). The fenestration sizes between endothelial cells (17-280 nm) were larger in CRSwNP compared with CRSsNP (10-33 nm) patients and controls (4-12 nm). Global thinning of the endothelial cell lining was observed in CRS patients but not in controls. CONCLUSION Significant increases in vascularity, the pro-angiogenic gene, and protein expression and blood vessel morphogenesis were observed in CRS patients compared with controls. In addition, fenestration sizes between interendothelial junction structures were larger in CRS patients than in controls, suggesting inflammation-driven vascular dysregulation in CRS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Shaelene Ashby
- Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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16
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Jensen MM, Barber ZB, Khurana N, Isaacson KJ, Steinhauff D, Green B, Cappello J, Pulsipher A, Ghandehari H, Alt JA. A dual-functional Embolization-Visualization System for Fluorescence image-guided Tumor Resection. Theranostics 2020; 10:4530-4543. [PMID: 32292513 PMCID: PMC7150499 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Intraoperative bleeding impairs physicians' ability to visualize the surgical field, leading to increased risk of surgical complications and reduced outcomes. Bleeding is particularly challenging during endoscopic-assisted surgical resection of hypervascular tumors in the head and neck. A tool that controls bleeding while marking tumor margins has the potential to improve gross tumor resection, reduce surgical morbidity, decrease blood loss, shorten procedure time, prevent damage to surrounding tissues, and limit postoperative pain. Herein, we develop and characterize a new system that combines pre-surgical embolization with improved visualization for endoscopic fluorescence image-guided tumor resection. Methods: Silk-elastinlike protein (SELP) polymers were employed as liquid embolic vehicles for delivery of a clinically used near-infrared dye, indocyanine green (ICG). The biophysical properties of SELP, including gelation kinetics, modulus of elasticity, and viscosity, in response to ICG incorporation using rheology, were characterized. ICG release from embolic SELP was modeled in tissue phantoms and via fluorescence imaging. The embolic capability of the SELP-ICG system was then tested in a microfluidic model of tumor vasculature. Lastly, the cytotoxicity of the SELP-ICG system in L-929 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was assessed. Results: ICG incorporation into SELP accelerated gelation and increased its modulus of elasticity. The SELP embolic system released 83 ± 8% of the total ICG within 24 hours, matching clinical practice for pre-surgical embolization procedures. Adding ICG to SELP did not reduce injectability, but did improve the gelation kinetics. After simulated embolization, ICG released from SELP in tissue phantoms diffused a sufficient distance to deliver dye throughout a tumor. ICG-loaded SELP was injectable through a clinical 2.3 Fr microcatheter and demonstrated deep penetration into 50-µm microfluidic-simulated blood vessels with durable occlusion. Incorporation of ICG into SELP improved biocompatibility with HUVECs, but had no effect on L-929 cell viability. Principle Conclusions: We report the development and characterization of a new, dual-functional embolization-visualization system for improving fluorescence-imaged endoscopic surgical resection of hypervascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Zachary B. Barber
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Nitish Khurana
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Kyle J. Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Douglas Steinhauff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Bryant Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84113
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84113
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84113
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Orb Q, Pulsipher A, Smith KA, Ashby S, Alt JA. Correlation between systemic inflammatory response and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:458-465. [PMID: 30657646 PMCID: PMC6491244 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local sinonasal inflammation resulting from altered T-cell immune signaling is a contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS patients experience negative impacts on quality of life (QOL) and suffer from comorbidities linked to systemic inflammation. However, systemic inflammatory profiling to evaluate the association between systemic inflammation and QOL in CRS has not been performed. Our objectives were to compare local and systemic inflammatory gene expression in patients with CRS to determine if systemic markers of inflammation associate with disease severity and disease-specific QOL. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted comparing 16 patients with CRS to 10 controls. Inflammatory gene expression in the anterior ethmoid tissues and peripheral blood of patients was measured using multiplex gene expression analysis and correlated to disease severity (computed tomography and nasal endoscopy) and disease-specific QOL (22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-22] and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index) using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Patients with CRS showed significant increases in the expression of ctla4 and jak1 in sinonasal tissue and blood (p < 0.05), whereas the gene expression of hla-dqa1, hla-dqb1, and dusp4 was significantly decreased in patients with CRS compared to controls (p < 0.05). Soluble and local ctla4 and jak1 showed a significant positive correlation with clinical markers of disease severity and disease-specific QOL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Local and systemic gene expression involved in T-cell immune signaling was found to be significantly altered in the blood and sinonasal tissues of patients with CRS compared to controls and significantly correlated to disease severity and QOL in patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Orb
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shaelene Ashby
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Alt JA, Lee WY, Davis BM, Savage JR, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Pulsipher A. A synthetic glycosaminoglycan reduces sinonasal inflammation in a murine model of chronic rhinosinusitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204709. [PMID: 30252910 PMCID: PMC6155557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by sustained mucosal inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, loss of cilia and epithelial barrier breakdown, and tissue remodeling. Certain glycosaminoglycans inhibit various inflammatory mediators, suppress bacterial growth, and provide important functions in mucosal tissue repair and mucociliary clearance. Herein, we evaluated the effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan, GM-1111, on the clinical signs and inflammatory tissue changes associated with CRS in mice. CRS was generated by repeated intranasal applications of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) extracts over 4 weeks. Mice were then intranasally administered GM-1111 (600 μg per dose, 5 times a week) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) for an additional 4 weeks while still being given A. fumigatus extracts to maintain a chronic inflammatory environment with acute exacerbations. Clinical signs indicative of sinonasal inflammation were recorded throughout the study. After 9 weeks, whole blood and sinonasal tissues were harvested for hematological, histological, and biochemical examination. The clinical signs, white blood cell counts, tissue markers of sinonasal inflammation, and histological changes caused by A. fumigatus extract administration were compared to the healthy (PBS vehicle) and GM-1111-treated groups (n = 12 per treatment group). Compared to vehicle-treated animals, animals treated with GM-1111 demonstrated significant reductions in clinical signs (p<0.05), degenerative tissue changes, goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration (p<0.01), innate immunity- (tlr2, tlr4, myd88, il1b, tnfa, il6, and il12) and adaptive immunity-associated (ccl11, ccl24, ccl5, il4, il5, and il13) cytokine gene expression (p<0.05 to p<0.0001) in sinonasal tissues, and serum IgE levels (p<0.01). Our data suggest that GM-1111 significantly reduces local and systemic effects of CRS-associated sinonasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A. Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brock M. Davis
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology–Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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Smith KA, Pulsipher A, Gabrielsen DA, Alt JA. Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Update and Thoughts for Future Directions. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:412-423. [PMID: 30021447 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418787132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Potential biologic therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a growing field of interest and research. Biologics target specific immune cells or inflammatory pathways within a disease process, increasing drug efficacy while reducing complications. The success of biologics in other inflammatory conditions such as asthma and atopic dermatitis has spurred much of the corresponding research in CRS. A rapid expansion in the volume of research concerning biologic therapies with potential crossover to treating CRS has made it difficult to stay current. Furthermore, much of the literature has been focused on allergy, asthma, and immunology subspecialties. As the role for biologic therapies in CRS continues to expand, it is increasingly important for otolaryngologists to remain up to date on their progression. Objective The objectives of this review are to provide an update on the growing field of biologics for otolaryngologists who treat CRS and discuss potential future areas of research. Methods A literature review of biologic therapies studied in CRS was performed. In addition, a detailed review of all biologic therapies targeting inflammatory markers involved in Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-mediated inflammation was performed to identify potential areas for future research. The role for biologic therapies in CRS, endotypes of CRS, current biologic therapies studies in CRS, and future areas for research were reviewed. Results Sixty-nine unique biologic therapies have been developed for Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-mediated inflammation. Five biologics are currently being investigated for use in patients with CRS with nasal polyposis. Conclusions As the field of biologics continues to expand, remaining up to date on the current literature may help clinicians identify patients who may benefit from biologic therapies. In addition, ongoing research in other inflammatory disorders with shared pathophysiology to CRS may reveal other potential therapies for CRS that have not previously been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Smith
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,2 GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Gabrielsen
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Pulsipher A, Davis BM, Smith KA, Ashby S, Qin X, Firpo M, Orlandi RR, Alt JA. Calgranulin C (S100A12) Is Differentially Expressed in Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:380-387. [PMID: 29943619 PMCID: PMC6340112 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418782238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Calgranulin C (S100A12) is an innate immune peptide at the air-mucosal interface associated with neutrophil involvement, which when overexpressed has been implicated as a biomarker of inflammatory diseases. Decreased epithelial expression of certain innate immune peptides has been reported in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We hypothesized that S100A12 is differentially expressed in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with CRS compared to controls and that S100A12 is a potential biomarker of CRS-specific quality of life (QOL) and disease severity. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted which included 70 patients: 17 controls, 28 having CRS without (CRSsNP), and 25 with (CRSwNP) nasal polyps. The expression of S100A12 and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was assessed in the anterior ethmoid tissues from all patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Disease-specific QOL (Rhinosinusitis Disability Index) and disease severity (computed tomography [CT] and endoscopy) were evaluated and correlated to the expression levels of S100A12. Results S100A12 and HNE were significantly elevated in patients with CRSsNP compared to normal controls ( P < .05 and P < .001, respectively) and patients with CRSwNP ( P < .05 and P < .001, respectively), as measured by ELISA and IHC analyses. Patients with CRS exhibited worse CRS-specific disease severity compared to normal controls ( P < .05), and the increased protein levels of S100A12 were significantly correlated to disease severity, represented by CT scores ( P < .05). Conclusions S100A12 is differentially expressed in CRS subtypes and is significantly elevated in patients with CRSsNP and associated with CRS-specific disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brock M Davis
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kristine A Smith
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shaelene Ashby
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xuan Qin
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matt Firpo
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- 1 Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Thomas AJ, Pulsipher A, Davis BM, Alt JA. LL-37 causes cell death of human nasal epithelial cells, which is inhibited with a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183542. [PMID: 28837619 PMCID: PMC5570287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37 is an immune peptide that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses in the upper airways. Elevated levels of LL-37 have been linked to cell death and inflammatory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are found on respiratory epithelial cells and serve important roles in mucosal surface repair. Recent findings suggest that a synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GM-0111) can protect against LL-37-induced sinonasal mucosal inflammation and cell death in a murine model of acute RS. Herein, we elucidated the mechanisms by which LL-37 causes sinonasal inflammation and how GM-0111 can prevent these mechanisms. When challenged with LL-37, human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) and mouse macrophages (J774.2) demonstrated increased release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, as well as cell death and lysis. These cellular responses were all blocked dose-dependently by pre-treatment with GM-0111. We identified that LL-37-induced cell death is associated with caspase-1 and -8 activation, but not activation of caspase-3/7. These responses were again blocked by GM-0111. Our data suggest that LL-37 causes cellular death of HNEpCs and macrophages through the pro-inflammatory necrotic and/or pyroptotic pathways rather than apoptosis, and that a GM-0111 is capable of inhibiting these pro-inflammatory cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Thomas
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brock M. Davis
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dormán G, Nakamura H, Pulsipher A, Prestwich GD. The Life of Pi Star: Exploring the Exciting and Forbidden Worlds of the Benzophenone Photophore. Chem Rev 2016; 116:15284-15398. [PMID: 27983805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread applications of benzophenone (BP) photochemistry in biological chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and material science have been prominent in both academic and industrial research. BP photophores have unique photochemical properties: upon n-π* excitation at 365 nm, a biradicaloid triplet state is formed reversibly, which can abstract a hydrogen atom from accessible C-H bonds; the radicals subsequently recombine, creating a stable covalent C-C bond. This light-directed covalent attachment process is exploited in many different ways: (i) binding/contact site mapping of ligand (or protein)-protein interactions; (ii) identification of molecular targets and interactome mapping; (iii) proteome profiling; (iv) bioconjugation and site-directed modification of biopolymers; (v) surface grafting and immobilization. BP photochemistry also has many practical advantages, including low reactivity toward water, stability in ambient light, and the convenient excitation at 365 nm. In addition, several BP-containing building blocks and reagents are commercially available. In this review, we explore the "forbidden" (transitions) and excitation-activated world of photoinduced covalent attachment of BP photophores by touring a colorful palette of recent examples. In this exploration, we will see the pros and cons of using BP photophores, and we hope that both novice and expert photolabelers will enjoy and be inspired by the breadth and depth of possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Dormán
- Targetex llc , Dunakeszi H-2120, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged , Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.,Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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23
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Pulsipher A, Qin X, Thomas AJ, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S, Alt JA. Prevention of sinonasal inflammation by a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:177-184. [PMID: 27863138 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are distributed on respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and submucosal glands. Uniquely positioned, certain GAGs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in respiratory diseases and serve important roles in repairing mucosal surfaces and modulating mucociliary clearance. We hypothesized that topical administration of a synthetic GAG (GM-0111) would prevent sinonasal inflammation in a mouse model of rhinosinusitis (RS). METHODS To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered fluorescent GM-0111, and sinonasal tissues were examined for coating and penetration ability. To test therapeutic feasibility, mice (n = 6) were given GM-0111 or hyaluronic acid (HA; 800 μg dose) prior to inducing RS with inflammatory molecule LL-37 (115 μg dose). After 24 hours, sinonasal tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis of inflammatory markers (inflammatory cell infiltration, lamina propria [LP] thickening, and neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and cell death. RESULTS GM-0111 was observed within sinonasal tissues 1 hour and 24 hours after intranasal administration, indicating rapid and effective coating and penetration. GM-0111 prevented sinonasal tissues from developing inflammatory changes, with significant reductions in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.05), LP thickening (p < 0.001), and MPO levels (p < 0.01) when compared to tissues treated with LL-37 and those pretreated with HA. GM-0111 reduced cell death within sinonasal tissues in contrast to LL-37-treated tissues. CONCLUSION We report a new synthetic GAG (GM-0111) that uniformly coats and penetrates into the sinonasal mucosa to prevent sinonasal inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xuan Qin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew J Thomas
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT
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Savage JR, Pulsipher A, Rao NV, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Ryan ME, Lee WY. A Modified Glycosaminoglycan, GM-0111, Inhibits Molecular Signaling Involved in Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157310. [PMID: 27308827 PMCID: PMC4911086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is characterized by microbial infection, inflammation, tissue breakdown, and accelerated loss of alveolar bone matrix. Treatment targeting these multiple stages of the disease provides ways to treat or prevent periodontitis. Certain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) block multiple inflammatory mediators as well as suppress bacterial growth, suggesting that these GAGs may be exploited as a therapeutic for periodontitis. Methods We investigated the effects of a synthetic GAG, GM-0111, on various molecular events associated with periodontitis: growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis; activation of pro-inflammatory signaling through TLR2 and TLR4 in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and heterologously expressed HEK 293 cells; osteoclast formation and bone matrix resorption in cultured mouse pre-osteoclasts. Results (1) GM-0111 suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans even at 1% (w/v) solution. The antibacterial effects of GM-0111 were stronger than hyaluronic acid (HA) or xylitol in P. gingivalis at all concentrations and comparable to xylitol in A. actinomycetemcomitans at ≥2% (w/v) solution. We also observed that GM-0111 suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and these effects were much stronger than HA. (2) GM-0111 inhibited TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory cellular signaling both in macrophage and HEK 293 cells with higher selectivity for TLR2 than TLR4 (IC50 of 1–10 ng/mL vs. > 100 μg/mL, respectively). (3) GM-0111 blocked RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (as low as 300 ng/mL) and bone matrix resorption. While GM-0111 showed high affinity binding to RANKL, it did not interfere with RANKL/RANK/NF-κB signaling, suggesting that GM-0111 inhibits osteoclast formation by a RANKL-RANK-independent mechanism. Conclusions We report that GM-0111 inhibits multiple molecular events involved in periodontitis, spanning from the early pro-inflammatory TLR signaling, to pathways activated at the later stage component of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Narayanam V. Rao
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The rapid development of new small molecule drugs, nanomaterials, and genetic tools to modulate cellular function through cell surface manipulation has revolutionized the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disorders in human health. Since the cell membrane is a selective gateway barrier that serves as the first line of defense/offense and communication to its environment, new approaches that molecularly engineer or tailor cell membrane surfaces would allow for a new era in therapeutic design, therapeutic delivery, complex coculture tissue construction, and in situ imaging probe tracking technologies. In order to develop the next generation of multimodal therapies, cell behavior studies, and biotechnologies that focus on cell membrane biology, new tools that intersect the fields of chemistry, biology, and engineering are required. Herein, we develop a liposome fusion and delivery strategy to present a novel dual receptor and reporter system at cell surfaces without the use of molecular biology or metabolic biosynthesis. The cell surface receptor is based on bio-orthogonal functional groups that can conjugate a range of ligands while simultaneously reporting the conjugation through the emission of fluorescence. We demonstrate this dual receptor and reporter system by conjugating and tracking various cell surface ligands for temporal control of cell fluorescent signaling, cell-cell interaction, and tissue assembly construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nathan Westcott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Debjit Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dmitry Rogozhnikov
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Jean Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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26
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Alt JA, Qin X, Pulsipher A, Orb Q, Orlandi RR, Zhang J, Schults A, Jia W, Presson AP, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. Topical cathelicidin (LL-37) an innate immune peptide induces acute olfactory epithelium inflammation in a mouse model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:1141-50. [PMID: 26346056 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathelicidin (LL-37) is an endogenous innate immune peptide that is elevated in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The role of LL-37 in olfactory epithelium (OE) inflammation remains unknown. We hypothesized that: (1) LL-37 topically delivered would elicit profound OE inflammation; and (2) LL-37 induced inflammation is associated with increased infiltration of neutrophils and mast cells. METHODS To test our hypothesis we challenged C57BL/6 mice intranasally with increasing concentrations of LL-37. At 24 hours tissues were examined histologically and scored for inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, and secretory hyperplasia. In separate experiments, fluorescently conjugated LL-37 was instilled and tissues were examined at 0.5 and 24 hours. To test our last hypothesis, we performed tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays for neutrophil activity and immunohistochemistry for tryptase to determine the mean number of mast cells per mm(2) . RESULTS LL-37 caused increased inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, and secretory cell hyperplasia of the sinonasal mucosa, with higher LL-37 concentrations yielding significantly more inflammatory changes (p < 0.01). Fluorescent LL-37 demonstrated global sinonasal epithelial binding and tissue distribution. Further, higher concentrations of LL-37 led to significantly greater MPO levels with dose-dependent increases in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION LL-37 has dramatic inflammatory effects in the OE mucosa that is dose-dependent. The observed inflammatory changes in the olfactory mucosa were associated with the infiltration of both neutrophils and mast cells. Our biologic model represents a new model to further investigate the role of LL-37 in OE inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Quinn Orb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jianxing Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Austin Schults
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Angela P Presson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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28
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Pulsipher A, Griffin ME, Stone SE, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Long-lived engineering of glycans to direct stem cell fate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1466-70. [PMID: 25476911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycans mediate many critical, long-term biological processes, such as stem cell differentiation. However, few methods are available for the sustained remodeling of cells with specific glycan structures. A new strategy that enables the long-lived presentation of defined glycosaminoglycans on cell surfaces using HaloTag proteins (HTPs) as anchors is reported. By controlling the sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate (HS) on pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC) membranes, it is demonstrated that specific glycans cause ESCs to undergo accelerated exit from self-renewal and differentiation into neuronal cell types. Thus, the stable display of glycans on HTP scaffolds provides a powerful, versatile means to direct key signaling events and biological outcomes such as stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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29
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Abstract
Due to the highly complex nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the design and implementation of dynamic, stimuli-responsive surfaces that present well-defined ligands and serve as model ECM substrates have been of tremendous interest to biomaterials, biosensor, and cell biology communities. Such tools provide strategies for identifying specific ligand-receptor interactions that induce vital biological consequences. Herein, we report a novel dual-ligand-presenting surface methodology that modulates dynamic ECM properties to investigate various cell behaviors. Peptides PHSRN, cRGD, and KKKTTK, which mimic the cell- and heparan sulfate-binding domains of fibronectin, and carbohydrates Gal and Man were combined with cell adhesive RGD to survey possible synergistic or antagonist ligand effects on cell adhesion, spreading, growth, and migration. Soluble molecule and enzymatic inhibition assays were also performed, and the levels of focal adhesion kinase in cells subjected to different ligand combinations were quantified. A redox-responsive trigger was incorporated into this surface strategy to spontaneously release ligands in the presence of adhered cells, and cell spreading, growth, and migration responses were measured and compared. The identity and nature of the dual-ligand combination directly influenced cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Debjit Dutta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
- E-mail: . Tel: (416) 736-2100, ext
77718
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30
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Luo W, Pulsipher A, Dutta D, Lamb BM, Yousaf MN. Remote control of tissue interactions via engineered photo-switchable cell surfaces. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6313. [PMID: 25204325 PMCID: PMC4159631 DOI: 10.1038/srep06313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a general cell surface molecular engineering strategy via liposome fusion delivery to create a dual photo-active and bio-orthogonal cell surface for remote controlled spatial and temporal manipulation of microtissue assembly and disassembly. Cell surface tailoring of chemoselective functional groups was achieved by a liposome fusion delivery method and quantified by flow cytometry and characterized by a new cell surface lipid pull down mass spectrometry strategy. Dynamic co-culture spheroid tissue assembly in solution and co-culture tissue multilayer assembly on materials was demonstrated by an intercellular photo-oxime ligation that could be remotely cleaved and disassembled on demand. Spatial and temporal control of microtissue structures containing multiple cell types was demonstrated by the generation of patterned multilayers for controlling stem cell differentiation. Remote control of cell interactions via cell surface engineering that allows for real-time manipulation of tissue dynamics may provide tools with the scope to answer fundamental questions of cell communication and initiate new biotechnologies ranging from imaging probes to drug delivery vehicles to regenerative medicine, inexpensive bioreactor technology and tissue engineering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Carolina Center for Genome Science, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry, Carolina Center for Genome Science, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Debjit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Carolina Center for Genome Science, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brian M. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Carolina Center for Genome Science, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, Carolina Center for Genome Science, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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31
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Abstract
We report the use of fluid lipid bilayer membrane as a model platform to study the influence of the bilayer microenvironment and composition on the enzymology in membrane. As a model system we determined the enzyme kinetics on membranes for the transformation of bilayers containing phosphoinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) to phosphoinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) by the enzyme phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) using radiolabeled ATP. The activity of the enzyme was monitored as a function of the radioactivity incorporated within the bilayer. The transformation of PI(4,5)P2 to PI(3,4,5)P3 was determined using a mass strip assay. The fluidity of the bilayer was confirmed by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. Kinetic simulations were performed based on Langmuir adsorption and Michaelis-Menton kinetics equations to generate the rate constants for the enzymatic reaction. The effect of cholesterol on the enzyme kinetics was studied by doping the bilayer with 1% cholesterol. This leads to significant reduction in reaction rate due to change in membrane microenvironment. This strategy provides a method to study the enzymology of various kinases and phosphatases occurring at the membrane and also how these reactions are affected by the membrane composition and surface microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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32
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Pulsipher A, Dutta D, Luo W, Yousaf MN. Cell-Surface Engineering by a Conjugation-and-Release Approach Based on the Formation and Cleavage of Oxime Linkages upon Mild Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Pulsipher A, Dutta D, Luo W, Yousaf MN. Cell-surface engineering by a conjugation-and-release approach based on the formation and cleavage of oxime linkages upon mild electrochemical oxidation and reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9487-92. [PMID: 25045145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a strategy to rewire cell surfaces for the dynamic control of ligand composition on cell membranes and the modulation of cell-cell interactions to generate three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures applied to stem-cell differentiation, cell-surface tailoring, and tissue engineering. We tailored cell surfaces with bioorthogonal chemical groups on the basis of a liposome-fusion and -delivery method to create dynamic, electroactive, and switchable cell-tissue assemblies through chemistry involving chemoselective conjugation and release. Each step to modify the cell surface: activation, conjugation, release, and regeneration, can be monitored and modulated by noninvasive, label-free analytical techniques. We demonstrate the utility of this methodology by the conjugation and release of small molecules to and from cell surfaces and by the generation of 3D coculture spheroids and multilayered cell tissues that can be programmed to undergo assembly and disassembly on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA); Department of Chemistry and Biology, York University (Canada)
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Abstract
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The ability to tailor
plasma membranes with specific glycans may
enable the control of signaling events that are critical for proper
development and function. We report a method to modify cell surfaces
with specific sulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans
using chemically modified liposomes. Neurons engineered to display
CS-E-enriched polysaccharides exhibited increased activation of neurotrophin-mediated
signaling pathways and enhanced axonal growth. This approach provides
a facile, general route to tailor cell membranes with biologically
active glycans and demonstrates the potential to direct important
cellular events through cell-surface glycan engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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35
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Abstract
In this study, we have rewired cell surfaces with ketone and oxyamine molecules based on liposome fusion for applications in cell-surface engineering. Lipid vesicles, functionalized with ketone and oxyamine molecules, display complementary chemistry and undergo recognition, docking, and subsequent fusion upon covalent oxime bond formation. Liposome fusion was characterized by several techniques including matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), light scattering, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). When cultured with cells, ketone- and oxyamine-containing liposomes undergo spontaneous membrane fusion to present the respective molecules from cell surfaces. Ketone-functionalized cell surfaces serve as sites for chemoselective ligation with oxyamine-conjugated molecules. We tailored and fluorescently labeled cell surfaces with an oxyamine-conjugated rhodamine dye. As an application of this cell-surface engineering strategy, ketone- and oxyamine-functionalized cells were patterned on oxyamine- and ketone-presenting surfaces, respectively. Cells adhered, spread, and proliferated in the patterned regions via interfacial oxime linkage. The number of ketone molecules on the cell surface was also quantified by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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36
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Dutta D, Pulsipher A, Luo W, Yousaf MN. Synthetic Chemoselective Rewiring of Cell Surfaces: Generation of Three-Dimensional Tissue Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8704-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2022569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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37
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Pulsipher A, Yousaf MN. A renewable, chemoselective, and quantitative ligand density microarray for the study of biospecific interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:523-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry and the Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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39
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Dutta D, Pulsipher A, Yousaf MN. Selective tethering of ligands and proteins to a microfluidically patterned electroactive fluid lipid bilayer array. Langmuir 2010; 26:9835-9841. [PMID: 20131880 DOI: 10.1021/la1001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a new, quantitative methodology to pattern and present ligands from planar, supported, fluid lipid bilayers. By combining microfluidic lithography (microFL) with an electroactive, chemoselective interfacial reaction strategy, a number of ligands as well as protein concanavalin A were immobilized in lipid microarrays. Electroactive vesicles were generated after the spontaneous insertion of hydroquinone-tethered alkane (H(2)Q) into egg palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (egg-POPC), followed by subsequent fusion to a siloxane-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold. An advantage of the H(2)Q system is that it can be electrochemically oxidized to the corresponding quinone (Q), followed by rapid chemoselective conjugation with oxyamine-functionalized (RONH(2)) ligands. The oxime product is also electroactive, and the reaction can be monitored and the amount of ligand bound can be quantified by electrochemistry. The bilayers were characterized by electrochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and ellipsometry and were determined to be fluid by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). This strategy provides a synergistic method to pattern and present a number of ligands or biomolecules from the bilayer surface for the evaluation of enzyme or protein binding to biomembranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and the Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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40
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Pulsipher A, Yousaf MN. Inside Cover: Surface Chemistry and Cell Biological Tools for the Analysis of Cell Adhesion and Migration (ChemBioChem 6/2010). Chembiochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201090021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Pulsipher A, Yousaf MN. Tandem surface microfluidic lithography and activation to generate patch pattern biospecific ligand and cell arrays. Langmuir 2010; 26:4130-4135. [PMID: 19839568 DOI: 10.1021/la903297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a rapid, inexpensive, and flexible methodology that combines microfluidic lithography and oxidative activation to pattern and chemically alter selective regions of SAMs on gold for subsequent chemoselective ligand immobilization. We demonstrate that PCC, a mild oxidant, can be used to convert hydroxyl-terminated SAMs to aldehydes and decorated with a variety of oxyamine-containing molecules. This strategy is compatible with cell culture and was employed to create a biospecific ligand platform for peptide-mediated, cell adhesion arrays. By using a number of different ligands and characterization tools, we showed that the generation of both cell patterning and ligand microarray patterning can be achieved. SAM formation, activation, ligand immobilization, and biospecific cell patterning are characterized by contact angle, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (Supporting Information), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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42
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Pulsipher A, Westcott NP, Luo W, Yousaf MN. Rapid in Situ Generation of Two Patterned Chemoselective Surface Chemistries from a Single Hydroxy-Terminated Surface Using Controlled Microfluidic Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7626-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja809380e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Nathan P. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Muhammad N. Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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43
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Luo W, Westcott NP, Pulsipher A, Yousaf MN. Renewable and optically transparent electroactive indium tin oxide surfaces for chemoselective ligand immobilization and biospecific cell adhesion. Langmuir 2008; 24:13096-13101. [PMID: 18928305 DOI: 10.1021/la802775v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we show the successful transfer of a sophisticated electroactive immobilization and release strategy to an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface to generate (1) optically transparent, robust, and renewable surfaces, (2) inert surfaces that resist nonspecific protein adsorption and cell attachment, and (3) tailored biospecific surfaces for live-cell high-resolution fluorescence microscopy of cell culture. By comparing the surface chemistry properties on both ITO and gold surfaces, we demonstrate the ITO surfaces are superior to gold as a renewable surface, in robustness (durability), and as an optically transparent material for live-cell fluorescence microscopy studies of cell behavior. These advantages will make ITO surfaces a desired platform for numerous biosensor and microarray applications and as model substrates for various cell biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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44
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Westcott NP, Pulsipher A, Lamb BM, Yousaf MN. Expedient generation of patterned surface aldehydes by microfluidic oxidation for chemoselective immobilization of ligands and cells. Langmuir 2008; 24:9237-9240. [PMID: 18672921 DOI: 10.1021/la802208v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An expedient and inexpensive method to generate patterned aldehydes on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold with control of density for subsequent chemoselective immobilization from commercially available starting materials has been developed. Utilizing microfluidic cassettes, primary alcohol oxidation of tetra(ethylene glycol) undecane thiol and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol SAMs was performed directly on the surface generating patterned aldehyde groups with pyridinium chlorochromate. The precise density of surface aldehydes generated can be controlled and characterized by electrochemistry. For biological applications, fibroblast cells were seeded on patterned surfaces presenting biospecifc cell adhesive (Arg-Glyc-Asp) RGD peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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45
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Yue GE, Roper MG, Balchunas C, Pulsipher A, Coon JJ, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Landers JP, Ferrance JP. Protein digestion and phosphopeptide enrichment on a glass microchip. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 564:116-22. [PMID: 17723369 PMCID: PMC4631396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an integrated glass microdevice for proteomics, which directly couples proteolysis with affinity selection. Initial results with standard phosphopeptide fragments from beta-casein in peptide mixtures showed selective capture of the phosphorylated fragments using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) beads packed into a microchannel. Complete selectivity was seen with angiotensin, with capture of only the phosphorylated form. On-chip proteolysis, using immobilized trypsin beads packed into a separate channel, was directly coupled to the phosphopeptide capture and the integrated devices evaluated using beta-casein. Captured and eluted fragments were analyzed using both capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (cLC/MS). The results show selective capture of only phosphopeptide fragments, but incomplete digestion of the protein was apparent from multiple peaks in the CE separations. The MS analysis indicated a capture bias on the IMAC column for the tetraphosphorylated peptide fragment over the monophosphorylated fragment. Application to digestion and capture of a serum fraction showed capture of material; however, non-specific binding was evident. Additional work will be required to fully optimize this system, but this work represents a novel sample preparation method, incorporating protein digestion on-line with affinity capture for proteomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Eileen Yue
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Michael G. Roper
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Catherine Balchunas
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Jeffery Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Jerome P. Ferrance
- Department of Chemistry, McCormick Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cillo
- Received from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9109, USA
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