1
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Chun Y, Remmerswaal WA, Codée JDC, Woerpel KA. Neighboring-Group Participation by C-2 Acyloxy Groups: Influence of the Nucleophile and Acyl Group on the Stereochemical Outcome of Acetal Substitution Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301894. [PMID: 37410662 PMCID: PMC10592418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A single acyloxy group at C-2 can control the outcome of nucleophilic substitution reactions of pyran-derived acetals, but the extent of the neighboring-group participation depends on a number of factors. We show here that neighboring-group participation does not necessarily control the stereochemical outcome of acetal substitution reactions with weak nucleophiles. The 1,2-trans selectivity increased with increasing reactivity of the incoming nucleophile. This trend suggests the intermediacy of both cis-fused dioxolenium ions and oxocarbenium ions in the stereochemistry-determining step. In addition, as the electron-donating ability of the neighboring group decreased, the preference for the 1,2-trans products increased. Computational studies show how the barriers for the ring-opening reaction on the dioxolenium ions and the transition states to provide the oxocarbenium ions change with the electron-donating capacity of the C-2-acyloxy group and the reactivity of the nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Chun
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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2
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Morimoto K, Yanase K, Kajimoto T, Kita Y. Metal-Free Synthesis of Acyl Glycosides and Application to Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2022; 24:9028-9032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kana Yanase
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kajimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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3
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Zhou S, Ao J, Guo A, Zhao X, Deng N, Wang G, Yang Q, Ishiwata A, Liu XW, Li Q, Cai H, Ding F. ZnI 2-Mediated β-Galactosylation of C2-Ether-Type Donor. Org Lett 2022; 24:8025-8030. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaming Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaoya Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Nan Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qixuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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4
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Yang F, Hou W, Zhu D, Tang Y, Yu B. A Stereoselective Glycosylation Approach to the Construction of 1,2-trans-β-d-Glycosidic Linkages and Convergent Synthesis of Saponins. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104002. [PMID: 34859514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conventional syntheses of 1,2-trans-β-d- or α-l-glycosidic linkages rely mainly on neighboring group participation in the glycosylation reactions. The requirement for a neighboring participation group (NPG) excludes direct glycosylation with (1→2)-linked glycan donors, thus only allowing stepwise assembly of glycans and glycoconjugates containing this type of common motif. Here, a robust glycosylation protocol for the synthesis of 1,2-trans-β-d- or α-l-glycosidic linkages without resorting to NPG is disclosed; it employs an optimal combination of glycosyl N-phenyltrifluroacetimidates as donors, FeCl3 as promoter, and CH2 Cl2 /nitrile as solvent. A broad substrate scope has been demonstrated by glycosylations with 12 (1→2)-linked di- and trisaccharide donors and 13 alcoholic acceptors including eight complex triterpene derivatives. Most of the glycosylation reactions are high yielding and exclusively 1,2-trans selective. Ten representative, naturally occurring triterpene saponins were thus synthesized in a convergent manner after deprotection of the coupled glycosides. Intensive mechanistic studies indicated that this glycosylation proceeds by SN 2-type substitution of the glycosyl α-nitrilium intermediates. Importantly, FeCl3 dissociates and coordinates with nitrile into [Fe(RCN)n Cl2 ]+ and [FeCl4 ]- , and the ferric cationic species coordinates with the alcoholic acceptor to provide a protic species that activates the imidate, meanwhile the poor nucleophilicity of [FeCl4 ]- ensures an uninterruptive role for the glycosidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Wu Hou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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5
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Shao L, Huo Z, Lei N, Yang M, He Z, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Chen C, Xiao M, Wang F, Gu G, Cai F. Reinvestigation of N, N-Diacetylimido-Protected 2-Aminothioglycosides in O-Glycosylation: Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds Contributing to 1,2-Orthoamide Formation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13212-13230. [PMID: 34533021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Diacetylimido protection of 2-aminoglycosides is an elegant strategy but has had limited applications due to unexpected side reactions in glycosylation. We found that high acid concentrations could diminish the side reactions. We observed intermolecular hydrogen bonding among alcohols and acids could disrupt. Assuming that intermolecular hydrogen bonding accelerates the formation of 1,2-orthoamides and disrupting intermolecular hydrogen bonds could turn to the desired glycosylation, we successfully employed sulfenyl triflate pre-activation in the glycosylation of a broad scope of alcohol acceptors, as well as in a one-pot synthesis of a protected human milk oligosaccharide, lacto-N-neotetraose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenni Huo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Na Lei
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Rd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zehuan He
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinlong Wei
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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6
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Merino P, Delso I, Pereira S, Orta S, Pedrón M, Tejero T. Computational evidence of glycosyl cations. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2350-2365. [PMID: 33481977 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl cations are key intermediates in the glycosylation reactions taking place through a SN1-type mechanism. To obtain a reliable description of the glycosylation reaction mechanism a combination of computational studies and experimental data such as kinetic isotopic effects is needed. Computational studies have elucidated SN2-type glycosylation reaction mechanisms, but elucidation of mechanisms in which ion pairs can be formed presents some difficulties because of the recombination of the ions. Recent topological and dynamic studies open the door to the ultimate confirmation of the presence of glycosyl cations in the form of intimate ion pairs during certain glycosylation reactions. This review covers the state-of-the-art tools and applications of computational chemistry mainly developed during the last ten years to understand glycosylation reactions in which an oxocarbenium ion could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Merino
- Unidad de Glicobiología. Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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7
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Hettikankanamalage AA, Lassfolk R, Ekholm FS, Leino R, Crich D. Mechanisms of Stereodirecting Participation and Ester Migration from Near and Far in Glycosylation and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7104-7151. [PMID: 32627532 PMCID: PMC7429366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the counterpart of a 2018 Chemical Reviews article (Adero, P. O.; Amarasekara, H.; Wen, P.; Bohé, L.; Crich, D. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 8242-8284) that examined the mechanisms of chemical glycosylation in the absence of stereodirecting participation. Attention is now turned to a critical review of the evidence in support of stereodirecting participation in glycosylation reactions by esters from either the vicinal or more remote positions. As participation by esters is often accompanied by ester migration, the mechanism(s) of migration are also reviewed. Esters are central to the entire review, which accordingly opens with an overview of their structure and their influence on the conformations of six-membered rings. Next the structure and relative energetics of dioxacarbeniun ions are covered with emphasis on the influence of ring size. The existing kinetic evidence for participation is then presented followed by an overview of the various intermediates either isolated or characterized spectroscopically. The evidence supporting participation from remote or distal positions is critically examined, and alternative hypotheses for the stereodirecting effect of such esters are presented. The mechanisms of ester migration are first examined from the perspective of glycosylation reactions and then more broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri A. Hettikankanamalage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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8
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Liu H, Hansen T, Zhou SY, Wen GE, Liu XX, Zhang QJ, Codée JDC, Schmidt RR, Sun JS. Dual-Participation Protecting Group Solves the Anomeric Stereocontrol Problems in Glycosylation Reactions. Org Lett 2019; 21:8713-8717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Si-Yu Zhou
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guo-En Wen
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xu-Xue Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qing-Ju Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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9
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Liang RJ, Lai YH, Kao YT, Yang TH, Chen YL, Wang HJ. A novel finding of nalbuphine-6-glucuronide, an active opiate metabolite, possessing potent antinociceptive effects: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:544-551. [PMID: 31212133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nalbuphine, a partial agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic, is structurally related to morphine. It is equipotent to morphine and has no serious side effects. In the past few decades, studies focusing on morphine metabolism have indicated that one of its sugar-conjugated metabolites, morphine-6-glucuronide, exerts a higher analgesic effect than its parent drug. Considering that nalbuphine is a morphine analog that follows a similar metabolic scheme, nalbuphine glucuronides were synthesized in this study and their potential analgesic effects were assessed. Nalbuphine-3-glucuronide (N3G) and nalbuphine-6-glucuronide (N6G) were synthesized based on Schmidt's glycosylation with OPiv protections on the glycosyl donor. In a pharmacodynamic study, paw pressure and cold-ethanol tail-flick tests were conducted in rats to evaluate the analgesic response after intracisternal and intraperitoneal administrations of nalbuphine, N3G, or N6G. The antinociceptive response was evaluated for each compound by calculating the area under the curve and the duration spent at greater than 50% maximum possible analgesia. In conclusion, intracisternal administration of N6G exhibited a stronger analgesic response than nalbuphine in the pain tests after both cold and mechanical stimuli, but N3G had no obvious effect. Similar to that of morphine, the glucuronide metabolite of nalbuphine at the 6-O-position exerted at least three-fold higher antinociceptive potency and five-fold longer analgesic duration than nalbuphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jong Liang
- Medical Supplies and Maintenance, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Kao
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Hsuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Jaan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Weber J, Svatunek D, Krauter S, Tegl G, Hametner C, Kosma P, Mikula H. 2-O-Benzyloxycarbonyl protected glycosyl donors: a revival of carbonate-mediated anchimeric assistance for diastereoselective glycosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12543-12546. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Benzyloxycarbonyl can be used as participating group for the diastereoselective glycosylation of base-labile products and the synthesis of glycosyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weber
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Simon Krauter
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Division of Organic Chemistry
| | - Gregor Tegl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Division of Organic Chemistry
| | | | - Paul Kosma
- Division of Organic Chemistry
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Vienna (BOKU)
- Austria
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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11
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Practical synthesis of latent disarmed S -2-(2-propylthio)benzyl glycosides for interrupted Pummerer reaction mediated glycosylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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2- C -Branched mannosides as a novel family of FimH antagonists—Synthesis and biological evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pisc.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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14
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Chu AHA, Minciunescu A, Bennett CS. Aryl(trifluoroethyl)iodonium Triflimide and Nitrile Solvent Systems: A Combination for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Armed 1,2-trans-β-Glycosides at Noncryogenic Temperatures. Org Lett 2015; 17:6262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsiang Adam Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andrei Minciunescu
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S. Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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15
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Schuster HJ, Vijayakrishnan B, Davis BG. Chain-growth polyglycosylation: synthesis of linker-equipped mannosyl oligomers. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Makeneni S, Foley BL, Woods RJ. BFMP: a method for discretizing and visualizing pyranose conformations. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2744-50. [PMID: 25289680 PMCID: PMC4210171 DOI: 10.1021/ci500325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new classification method for pyranose ring conformations called Best-fit, Four-Membered Plane (BFMP), which describes pyranose ring conformations based on reference planes defined by four atoms. The method is able to characterize all asymmetrical and symmetrical shapes of a pyran ring, is readily automated, easy to interpret, and maps trivially to IUPAC definitions. It also provides a qualitative measurement of the distortion of the ring. Example applications include the analysis of data from crystal structures and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandana Makeneni
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Complications of modeling glycosylation reactions: can the anomeric conformation of a donor determine the glycopyranosyl oxacarbenium ring conformation? Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:191-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Basu N, Kumar Maity S, Ghosh R. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA)–TMSOTf: an efficient activator system for glycosylation reactions based on thioglycosides. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21851h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Dere RT, Kumar A, Kumar V, Zhu X, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of Glycosylthiols and Reactivity Studies. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7539-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra T. Dere
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xiangming Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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21
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Trécant C, Dlubala A, George P, Pichat P, Ripoche I, Troin Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of M6G. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4035-41. [PMID: 21689868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new derivatives of Morphine-6-Glucuronide (M6G) are described. M6G is an active metabolite of morphine which displays more analgesia than morphine with a superior side effect profile but with a less efficiently BBB penetration. These phenomena could be explained by the presence of the glucuronide moiety, which confers a higher hydrophilic character compare to morphine. In this context, we have prepared three analogues of M6G possessing a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, and a triazolopyrimidine moiety instead of the carboxylic acid function on position 5 of the sugar. These three analogues showed higher analgesic properties than morphine and M6G even by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Trécant
- Clermont Université, ENSCCF, EA 987, LCHG, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Chao CS, Yen YF, Hung WC, Mong KKT. Solvent Participation in a One-Pot Glycosylation Strategy (SPOG). Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Williams RJ, McGill NW, White JM, Williams SJ. Neighboring Group Participation in Glycosylation Reactions by 2,6-Disubstituted 2-O-Benzoyl groups: A Mechanistic Investigation. J Carbohydr Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2010.508141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J. Williams
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nathan W. McGill
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- a School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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25
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McGill NW, Williams SJ. 2,6-Disubstituted benzoates as neighboring groups for enhanced diastereoselectivity in beta-galactosylation reactions: synthesis of beta-1,3-linked oligogalactosides related to arabinogalactan proteins. J Org Chem 2010; 74:9388-98. [PMID: 19928755 DOI: 10.1021/jo902100q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant glycoproteins which contain a beta-1,3-linked galactan core. The synthesis of the beta-galactopyranose-1,3-beta-galactopyranose linkage using various 2-O-acyl-protected glycosyl donors has been plagued with poor stereoselectivity and side reactions including orthoester formation and transesterification of the 2-O-acyl group from the donor to the acceptor. We have investigated the use of 2,6-disubstituted benzoyl groups as bulky neighboring groups on the glycosyl donor. A 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl group was found to be optimal and enabled the formation of the beta-galactopyranose-1,3-beta-galactopyranose linkage to disarmed ester-protected acceptors, suppressing transesterification and reducing orthoester formation while enhancing the beta-selectivity of galactosylation reactions. A series of beta-1,3-linked oligogalactosides were prepared and elaborated to neoglycoconjugates for the study of AGP biosynthesis and AGP binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W McGill
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Development of new glycosylation methodologies for the synthesis of archaeal-derived glycolipid adjuvants. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:214-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Chao CS, Li CW, Chen MC, Chang SS, Mong KKT. Low-Concentration 1,2-transβ-Selective Glycosylation Strategy and Its Applications in Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Chemistry 2009; 15:10972-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Computational studies of the role of glycopyranosyl oxacarbenium ions in glycobiology and glycochemistry. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2009; 62:83-159. [PMID: 19501705 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(09)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Pastore A, Adinolfi M, Iadonisi A. BiBr3-Promoted Activation of Peracetylated Glycosyl Iodides: Straightforward Access to Synthetically Useful 2-O-Deprotected Allyl Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Xiong DC, Zhang LH, Ye XS. Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide-Silver Triflate: A New Powerful Promoter System for the Activation of Thioglycosides. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Whitfield DM, Nukada T. DFT studies of the role of C-2–O-2 bond rotation in neighboring-group glycosylation reactions. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Werz DB, Adibekian A, Seeberger PH. Synthesis of a Spore Surface Pentasaccharide ofBacillus anthracis. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Gerbst AG, Ustuzhanina NE, Grachev AA, Khatuntseva EA, Tsvetkov DE, Whitfield DM, Berces A, Nifantiev NE. SYNTHESIS, NMR, AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF FUCOIDAN FRAGMENTS. III. EFFECT OF BENZOYL GROUP AT O-3 ON STEREOSELECTIVITY OF GLYCOSYLATION BY 3-O- AND 3,4-DI-O-BENZOYLATED 2-O-BENZYLFUCOSYL BROMIDES. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Gerbst
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow B-334, 119991, Russia
| | - Nadezhda E. Ustuzhanina
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow B-334, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Grachev
- b Russian Academy of Sciences , Higher Chemical College , Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A. Khatuntseva
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow B-334, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry E. Tsvetkov
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow B-334, 119991, Russia
| | - Dennis M. Whitfield
- c National Research Council of Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A, OR6, Canada
| | - Attila Berces
- c National Research Council of Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A, OR6, Canada
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- a N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow B-334, 119991, Russia
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34
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Pornsuriyasak P, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of cancer-associated glycoantigens: stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3). Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1458-66. [PMID: 16643871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens SSEA-3 and Gb3 in a semi-convergent fashion using building blocks bearing a S-thiazolinyl (STaz) moiety is reported. Complete stereoselective control of a difficult alpha-(1-->4)-galactosylation and high overall yields were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papapida Pornsuriyasak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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35
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Aich U, Loganathan D. Stereoselective single-step synthesis and X-ray crystallographic investigation of acetylated aryl 1,2-trans glycopyranosides and aryl 1,2-cis C2-hydroxy-glycopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:19-28. [PMID: 16307733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported is an attractive and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of the title compounds in moderate yield using inexpensive 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-beta-D-gluco- and galactopyranoses as sugar donors, five different phenols as acceptors and H-beta zeolite as the catalyst. The yield (23-28%) of aryl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glycopyranosides obtained in this single-step procedure is considerably higher than that obtained using previously reported methods. Treatment of an orthoacetate, 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-[1,2-O-(1-p-fluorophenoxyethylidene)]-alpha-D-glucopyranose, with p-fluorophenol under the same solvent-free reaction conditions also led to the formation of the title compounds in similar yield and composition. X-ray crystallographic analysis of phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and p-fluorophenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside showed that the molecular packing is stabilized by C-H...O, C-H...pi and C-H...F interactions, in addition to regular hydrogen bonding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayanath Aich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Crich D, Jayalath P. Stereocontrolled Formation of β-Glucosides and Related Linkages in the Absence of Neighboring Group Participation: Influence of a trans-Fused 2,3-O-Carbonate Group. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7252-9. [PMID: 16122245 DOI: 10.1021/jo0508999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Phenyl 4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-O-carbonyl-beta-D-glucothiopyranoside and the regiosiomeric phenyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3,4-O-carbonyl-beta-D-glucothiopyranoside were prepared and studied as glucosyl donors at -60 degrees C in dichloromethane with preactivation by 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine before addition of the acceptor alcohol. The 2,3-O-carbonate protected donor showed moderate to excellent beta-selectivity under these conditions depending on the acceptor employed, thereby providing a means for 1,2-trans-equatorial glycosidic bonds without recourse to neighboring group participation and its associated problem of ortho ester formation. In contrast, the 3,4-O-carbonate protected donor showed moderate to no beta-selectivity under the conditions employed. The results obtained in this study with carbonate protected glucopyranosyl donors are contrasted with those obtained previously in the manno- and rhamnopyranosyl series when the 2,3-O-carbonate protected is alpha-selective and the 3,4-O-carbonate is beta-selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA.
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37
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Bérces A, Whitfield DM, Nukada T, do Santos Z. I, Obuchowska A, Krepinsky JJ. Is acyl migration to the aglycon avoidable in 2-acyl assisted glycosylation reactions? CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report unequivocally separates orthoester formation from acyl transfer for the first time and indicates possible routes to eliminate 2-O-acyl transfer during glycosylation reactions. Experimental evidence is shown that acyl transfer from 2-O-acyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranose-derived glycosyl donors decreases in the order formyl > acetyl > pivaloyl. The 2-O-benzoyl derivatives are more variable, in some cases transferring easily, and in others not at all. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structure and energetics of dioxolenium ion and related intermediates suggest that a proton transfer pathway from the nucleophile to O-2 provides an explanation for the observed trends. These DFT calculations of the proton transfer pathway support a mechanism in which a relay molecule is involved. Further DFT calculations used a constraint based on linear combinations of six bond lengths to establish the sequence of bond breaking and bond forming. The calculated anomeric carbon to former carbonyl oxygen bond that breaks during acyl transfer is the longest in the formyl case and shortest in those that exhibit little or no acyl transfer. Rotation about the aromatic to carbonyl PhC(=O) bond is different from the alkyl series. Analysis of this proposed TS led to the postulate that 2,6-substitution may hinder rotation even more. Thus, the 2,6-dimethylbenzoyl analogue was synthesized and it does not transfer directly or by rearrangement of its readily formed orthoester. DFT calculations suggested that 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl should also not transfer easily. Experimentally, this proved to be the case and this new 2-O-acyl protecting group cleaves at 50 °C with a 1 mol/L solution of LiOH in methanol. Thus, a calculated transition state has led to a prototype of a protecting group that solves a major problem in oligosaccharide synthesis.Key words: glycosylation, carbohydrates, quantum chemistry, reaction mechanism, neighboring-group effects.
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38
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Abstract
Sixteen methyl glucopyranosyl glucopyranoside disaccharides (methyl beta-d-Glcp(p-Br-Bz)-(1-->x)-beta/alpha-d-Glcp) containing beta-glycosidic linkages (1-->2, 1-->3, 1-->4, and 1-->6) were synthesized and analyzed by means of CD and NMR spectroscopy in three different solvents. For each of these four types of disaccharides, a correlation was observed between the hydroxymethyl rotational populations around the C5-C6 bond of the glucopyranosyl residue II with the substituents and the anomeric configuration of the methoxyl group in residue I, as well as with the solvent. Nonbonded interactions, the stereoelectronic exo-anomeric effect, and hydrogen bonding were found to be responsible for the observed rotameric differences. Whereas the rotational populations of the (1-->6)-linked disaccharides are mainly dependent on the exo-anomeric effect, the (1-->2)-bonded disaccharides are strongly dependent on the anomeric configuration at C1, and the (1-->3)- and (1-->4)-linked disaccharides are mainly dependent on the substituents and the solvent. The population of the gt rotamer decreases as nonbonded interactions increase but increases as the exo-anomeric effect becomes greater, as well as in the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the endocyclic oxygen O5'. Comparison of the hydroxymethyl rotational preferences between our model disaccharides revealed a dependence on the glycosidic linkage type. Thus the population of the gg and gt rotamers decreases/increases from (1-->2)- (beta series), to (1-->6)-, to (1-->2)- (alpha series), to (1-->4)-, and to (1-->3)-bonded disaccharides respectively, while the tg rotamer population remains almost constant (around 20%), except for the (1-->3)- and (1-->4)-linked disaccharides with the intramolecular hydrogen bonding to O5', where this population decreases to 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Roën
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Grathwohl M, Drinnan N, Broadhurst M, West ML, Meutermans W. Solid-Phase Oligosaccharide Chemistry and Its Application to Library Synthesis. Methods Enzymol 2003; 369:248-67. [PMID: 14722958 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)69014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Plante OJ, Palmacci ER, Seeberger PH. DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIZER. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2003; 58:35-54. [PMID: 14719357 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(03)58002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obadiah J Plante
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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41
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Nukada T, Bérces A, Whitfield DM. Can the stereochemical outcome of glycosylation reactions be controlled by the conformational preferences of the glycosyl donor? Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:765-74. [PMID: 11950473 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous static and dynamical density functional theory studies of the 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranosyl cations and their methanol adducts has led to an hypothesis that these cations exist in two families of conformers characterized as (2)S(O) and B(2,5), respectively. These families differ by ring inversion, each with its own reactivity. New calculations on the 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-galactopyranosyl cation confirmed these trends. Removing the isopropylidene group allows more flexibility, but two families of conformers can be discerned with the monocyclic oxocarbenium ions in the E(3) conformation and the bicyclic dioxolenium ions in the (4)H(5) conformation. Attack on the beta-face of these monocyclic cations is favored by hydrogen bonding and the anomeric effect. The experimentally observed high beta-stereoselectivity of mannopyranosyl donors and high alpha-stereoselectivity of glucopyranosyl donors with the 4,6-O-benzylidene protecting groups can be rationalized assuming that the trans-fused 1,3-dioxane ring allows population of only one family of conformers. The combination of hydrogen bonding and conformational changes of the pyranose ring in response to the C-5[bond]O-5[bond]C-1[bond]C-2 torsion angle changes are identified as key factors in stereoselectivity. Based on these observations a strategy to design face discriminated glycosyl donors that exist predominantly in only one family of conformers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Nukada
- The Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, 351-01 Saitama, Japan
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42
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Yan F, Gilbert M, Wakarchuk WW, Brisson JR, Whitfield DM. Chemoenzymatic iterative synthesis of difficult linkages of oligosaccharides on soluble polymeric supports. Org Lett 2001; 3:3265-8. [PMID: 11594810 DOI: 10.1021/ol016466j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. A trisaccharide donor containing a cis-Galpalpha(1-->4)Galp linkage was prepared using a synthetic strategy based on chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis on a soluble polymeric support. Significantly, only retaining glycosyltransferases gave complete reactions, whereas inverting enzymes showed little or no activity with poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)-bound lactose as an acceptor. The MPEG-attached trisaccharide was shown to bind to Verotoxin-1 by transfer NOE studies through the Galpalpha(1-->4)Galp portion of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Room 3024, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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43
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1-Methyl 1′-cyclopropylmethyl: an acid labile O-protecting group for polymer-supported oligosaccharide synthesis. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Bérces A, Enright G, Nukada T, Whitfield DM. The conformational origin of the barrier to the formation of neighboring group assistance in glycosylation reactions: a dynamical density functional theory study. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5460-4. [PMID: 11389627 DOI: 10.1021/ja001194l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Static and dynamical Density Functional Theory studies of 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranosyl cation have shown that this cation can exist in two conformers characterized as (2)S(O) and B(2,5), respectively. The (2)S(O) conformer has the O-2 acyl group equatorial with the carbonyl syn to H-2 and is populated by monocyclic oxocarbenium ions. These conformational features are present in the structurally related glycosyl donor ethyl 2,6-di-O-benzoyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-galactothiopyranoside as determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The B(2,5) conformer has O-2 axial and allows the carbonyl to rotate and close the five-membered ring to form a bicyclic dioxolenium ion. Constraints based on natural internal coordinates were implemented to study this conformational transition. In this way the barrier to interconversion has been determined to be 34 kJ mol(-)(1) with a transition state characterized as (O)S(2) and a pathway involving pseudorotation. Thus, for the first time the structures and energetics of the key ions postulated to be involved in neighboring group assisted glycosylation reactions have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bérces
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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45
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Quantitative description of six-membered ring conformations following the IUPAC conformational nomenclature. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Seeberger PH, Haase WC. Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis and combinatorial carbohydrate libraries. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4349-94. [PMID: 11749351 DOI: 10.1021/cr9903104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Seeberger
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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47
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Dubber M, Lindhorst TK. Synthesis of carbohydrate-centered oligosaccharide mimetics equipped with a functionalized tether. J Org Chem 2000; 65:5275-81. [PMID: 10993356 DOI: 10.1021/jo000432s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glycoclusters have gained substantial attention as mimetics of multivalent glycoconjugates. For their proposed glycobiological applications, it is advantageous to incorporate a functionalized tether into the clusters, which allows coupling to solid supports and other molecules such as reporter groups or even bioactive molecules. We herein report the use of carbohydrates as oligofunctional scaffolds for the synthesis of tethered cluster mannosides. Glycocluster 11 was prepared following two different pathways, starting either from glucose or the nonreducing disaccharide trehalose. The oligo alcohols 5 and 14 served as acceptors in the subsequent oligo-mannosylation reaction, in which three main problems were overcome: (i) incomplete glycosylation, (ii) cleavage of the core-glycoside, and (iii) ortho ester formation. Optimum conditions for the glycosylation were identified utilizing an advanced MALDI-TOF protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dubber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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48
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Mehta S, Whitfield DM. Polymer-Supported Synthesis of a Branched Trisaccharide of the Type IA Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharide: 3-Iodo-4-methoxybenzyl as a New O-Protecting Group. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mehta S, Gilbert M, Wakarchuk WW, Whitfield DM. Ready access to sialylated oligosaccharide donors. Org Lett 2000; 2:751-3. [PMID: 10754677 DOI: 10.1021/ol990406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] Numerous glycoconjugates contain the disaccharide Neu5Ac alpha (2-->3)DGalp. An efficient way to incorporate this disaccharide into synthetic glycoconjugates is to develop a disaccharide building block. This communication reports a chemoenzymatic route to such a building block which requires as few as four steps. Some examples using more chemical steps are also presented, which increase the flexibility. These disaccharide donors were used to prepare synthetic trisaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mehta
- National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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