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Bushkova OV, Sanginov EA, Chernyuk SD, Kayumov RR, Shmygleva LV, Dobrovolsky YA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Polymer Electrolytes Based on the Lithium Form of Nafion Sulfonic Cation-Exchange Membranes: Current State of Research and Prospects for Use in Electrochemical Power Sources. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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2
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Lehmann ML, Tyler L, Self EC, Yang G, Nanda J, Saito T. Membrane design for non-aqueous redox flow batteries: Current status and path forward. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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McCormack PM, Koenig GM, Geise GM. Thermodynamic Interactions as a Descriptor of Cross-Over in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49331-49339. [PMID: 34609838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grid-scale energy storage is increasingly needed as wind, solar, and other intermittent renewable energy sources become more prevalent. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are well suited to this application because of the advantages in scalability and modularity over competing technologies. Commercial aqueous flow batteries often have low energy density, but nonaqueous RFBs can offer higher energy density. Nonaqueous RFBs have not been studied as extensively as aqueous RFBs, and the use of organic solvents and organic active materials in nonaqueous RFBs presents unique membrane separator challenges compared to aqueous systems. Specifically, organic active material cross-over, which degrades battery performance, may be affected by membrane/active material thermodynamic interactions in a fundamentally different way than ionic active material cross-over in aqueous RFB membranes. Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) were used to quantify these interactions and explain differences in organic active material permeability properties. Probe molecules with a more unfavorable HSP-determined enthalpy of mixing with the membrane polymer exhibited lower permeability or cross-over properties. The HSP approach, which accounts for the uncharged polymer backbone and the charged side chain, revealed that interactions between the uncharged organic probe molecule and the hydrophobic polymer backbone were more important for determining permeability or cross-over properties than interactions between the probe molecule and the hydrophilic side chain. This result is significant for nonaqueous RFBs because it suggests a decoupling of ionic conduction expected to predominantly occur in charged polymer regions and cross-over of organic molecules via hydrophobic or uncharged polymer regions. Such decoupling is not expected in aqueous systems where active materials are often polar or ionic and both cross-over and conduction occur predominantly in charged polymer regions. For nonaqueous RFBs, or other membrane applications where selective organic molecule transport is important, HSP analysis can guide the co-design of the polymer separator materials and soluble organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCormack
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Gary M Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Kayumov RR, Shmygleva LV, Evshchik EY, Sanginov EA, Popov NA, Bushkova OV, Dobrovolsky YA. Conductivity of Lithium-Conducting Nafion Membranes Plasticized by Binary and Ternary Mixtures in the Sulfolan–Ethylene Carbonate–Diglyme System. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193521060045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Jo S, Yoon KR, Lim Y, Kwon T, Kang YS, Sohn H, Choi SH, Son HJ, Kwon SH, Lee SG, Jang SS, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Kim JY. Single-Step Fabrication of Polymeric Composite Membrane via Centrifugal Colloidal Casting for Fuel Cell Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100285. [PMID: 34927860 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell systems has spurred the development of infiltration technology by which to insert ionomers into mechanically robust reinforcement structures by solution casting in order to produce a cost effective and highly efficient electrolyte. However, the results of the fabrication process often continue to present challenges related to the structural complexity and self-assembly dynamics between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the constituents which in turn, necessitates additional processing steps and increases production costs. Here, a single-step process is reported for highly compact polymeric composite membranes (PCMs), fabricated using a centrifugal colloidal casting (C3) method. Combined structural analyses as well as coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are employed to determine the micro-/macroscopic structural characteristics of the fabricated PCMs. These findings indicate that the C3 method is capable of forming highly dense ionomer matrix-reinforcement composites consisting of microphase-separated ionomer structures with tailored crystallinity and ionic cluster sizes. An outcome that is very unlikely with the single-step coating steps in conventional methods. These structural attributes ensure PCMs with better proton conductivity, greater strain stability, and lower gas crossover properties compared to commercial pristine membranes, expanding their possible range of applicability to PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Jo
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ro Yoon
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 143, Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Lim
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kwon
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sik Kang
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon, 3429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Sohn
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - So Young Lee
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Li-Nafion Membrane Plasticised with Ethylene Carbonate/Sulfolane: Influence of Mixing Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071150. [PMID: 33916722 PMCID: PMC8038352 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of dipolar aprotic solvents to swell lithiated Nafion ionomer membranes simultaneously serving as electrolyte and separator is of great interest for lithium battery applications. This work attempts to gain an insight into the physicochemical nature of a Li-Nafion ionomer material whose phase-separated nanostructure has been enhanced with a binary plasticiser comprising non-volatile high-boiling ethylene carbonate (EC) and sulfolane (SL). Gravimetric studies evaluating the influence both of mixing temperature (25 to 80 °C) and plasticiser composition (EC/SL ratio) on the solvent uptake of Li-Nafion revealed a hysteresis between heating and cooling modes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) revealed that the saturation of a Nafion membrane with such a plasticiser led to a re-organisation of its amorphous structure, with crystalline regions remaining practically unchanged. Regardless of mixing temperature, the preservation of crystallites upon swelling is critical due to ionomer crosslinking provided by crystalline regions, which ensures membrane integrity even at very high solvent uptake (≈200% at a mixing temperature of 80 °C). The physicochemical properties of a swollen membrane have much in common with those of a chemically crosslinked polymer gel. The conductivity of ≈10−4 S cm−1 demonstrated by Li-Nafion membranes saturated with EC/SL at room temperature is promising for various practical applications.
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Liu L, Guo H, Fu L, Chou S, Thiele S, Wu Y, Wang J. Critical Advances in Ambient Air Operation of Nonaqueous Rechargeable Li-Air Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e1903854. [PMID: 31532893 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, great attention has been given to nonaqueous lithium-air batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density when compared with other energy storage systems. Most of the research interest, however, is dedicated to batteries operating in pure or dry oxygen atmospheres, while Li-air batteries that operate in ambient air still face big challenges. The biggest challenges are H2 O and CO2 that exist in ambient air, which can not only form byproducts with discharge products (Li2 O2 ), but also react with the electrolyte and the Li anode. To this end, recent progress in understanding the chemical and electrochemical reactions of Li-air batteries in ambient air is critical for the development and application of true Li-air batteries. Oxygen-selective membranes, multifunctional catalysts, and electrolyte alternatives for ambient air operational Li-air batteries are presented and discussed comprehensively. In addition, separator modification and Li anode protection are covered. Furthermore, the challenges and directions for the future development of Li-air batteries are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Lijun Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Simon Thiele
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jiazhao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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Sanginov EA, Borisevich SS, Kayumov RR, Istomina AS, Evshchik EY, Reznitskikh OG, Yaroslavtseva TV, Melnikova TI, Dobrovolsky YA, Bushkova OV. Lithiated Nafion plasticised by a mixture of ethylene carbonate and sulfolane. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Voropaeva DY, Novikova SA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The results of studies on polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries are analyzed and generalized. Progress in this field of research is driven by the need for solid-state batteries characterized by safety and stable operation. At present, a number of polymer electrolytes with a conductivity of at least 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C were synthesized. Main types of polymer electrolytes are described, viz., polymer/salt electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes containing inorganic particles and anion acceptors, and polymer electrolytes based on cation-exchange membranes. Ion transport mechanisms and various methods for increasing the ionic conductivity in these systems are discussed. Prospects of application of polymer electrolytes in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries are outlined.
The bibliography includes 349 references.
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Ilyin SO, Yadykova AY, Makarova VV, Yashchenko VS, Matveenko YV. Sulfonated polyoxadiazole synthesis and processing into ion‐conducting films. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey O Ilyin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Anastasia Y Yadykova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Veronika V Makarova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Vladimir S Yashchenko
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Belarus
| | - Yury V Matveenko
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Minsk Belarus
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11
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Zhang Q, Chang N, Shang K. Design and exploration of virtual marine ship engine room system based on Unity3D platform. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Construction Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Neng Chang
- School of Art and Design, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Shang
- School of Art and Design, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Voropaeva D, Novikova S, Xu T, Yaroslavtsev A. Polymer Electrolytes for LIBs Based on Perfluorinated Sulfocationic Nepem-117 Membrane and Aprotic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10217-10223. [PMID: 31689107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes have been obtained by using Nepem-117 membranes in a Li+ form intercalated by polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and dimethylacetamide (DMA), and solvent mixtures, such as ethylene carbonate-propylene carbonate (EC-PC), EC-DMA, EC-PC-DMA, and EC-PC-DMA-tetrahydrofuran. The obtained electrolytes have been characterized by IR impedance and 7Li pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy. Ion mobility was observed to increase with higher degrees of solvation of the membranes. A method is demonstrated to determine the solvent uptake corresponding to the percolation threshold. With comparable solvent uptake, materials containing a solvent with a higher permittivity and a lower viscosity have higher values of ionic conductivity. The membranes containing the three-component mixture of EC-PC-DMA show the highest ionic conductivity values (8.1 and 2.1 mS/cm at 25 and -20 °C, respectively). Such values exceed the conductivity of electrolytes on the basis of the Nafion membranes solvated with aprotic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Voropaeva
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 31 Leninsky prospect , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences , Academician Semenov avenue 1 , Chernogolovka 142432 , Russia
| | - Svetlana Novikova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 31 Leninsky prospect , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Tongwen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Andrey Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences , 31 Leninsky prospect , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences , Academician Semenov avenue 1 , Chernogolovka 142432 , Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics , Moscow 101000 , Russia
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Aboki J, Jing B, Luo S, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Guo R. Highly Proton Conducting Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Unusual Water Swelling Behavior Based on Triptycene-containing Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Multiblock Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1173-1186. [PMID: 29219299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiblock poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers are attractive for polyelectrolyte membrane fuel cell applications due to their reportedly improved proton conductivity under partially hydrated conditions and better mechanical/thermal stability compared to Nafion. However, the long hydrophilic sequences required to achieve high conductivity usually lead to excessive water uptake and swelling, which degrade membrane dimensional stability. Herein, we report a fundamentally new approach to address this grand challenge by introducing shape-persistent triptycene units into the hydrophobic sequences of multiblock copolymers, which induce strong supramolecular chain-threading and interlocking interactions that effectively suppress water swelling. Consequently, unlike previously reported multiblock copolymer systems, the water swelling of the triptycene-containing multiblock copolymers did not increase proportionally with water uptake. This combination of high water uptake and low swelling behavior of these copolymers resulted in excellent proton conductivity and membrane dimensional stability under fully hydrated conditions. In particular, the triptycene-containing multiblock copolymer film with the longest hydrophilic block length (i.e., BPSH100-TRP0-15k-15k) had a water uptake of 105%, an excellent proton conductivity of 0.150 S/cm, and a volume swelling ratio of just 29% (more than 42% reduction compared to Nafion 212).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aboki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Benxin Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park 16802, United States
| | - Ruilan Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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14
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Fahs GB, Benson SD, Moore RB. Blocky Sulfonation of Syndiotactic Polystyrene: A Facile Route toward Tailored Ionomer Architecture via Postpolymerization Functionalization in the Gel State. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B. Fahs
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sonya D. Benson
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Vijayakumar M, Luo Q, Lloyd R, Nie Z, Wei X, Li B, Sprenkle V, Londono JD, Unlu M, Wang W. Tuning the Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membrane Morphology for Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34327-34334. [PMID: 27998127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton-exchange membranes such as Nafion significantly affects their transport properties and performance in a vanadium redox-flow battery (VRB). In this work, Nafion membranes with various equivalent weights ranging from 1000 to 1500 are prepared and the morphology-property-performance relationship is investigated. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed their composition and morphology variances, which lead to major differences in key transport properties related to proton conduction and vanadium-ion permeation. Their performances are further characterized as VRB membranes. On the basis of this understanding, a new perfluorosulfonic acid membrane is designed with optimal pore geometry and thickness, leading to higher ion selectivity and lower cost compared with the widely used Nafion 115. Excellent VRB single-cell performance (89.3% energy efficiency at 50 mA·cm-2) was achieved along with a stable cyclical capacity over prolonged cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijayakumar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Qingtao Luo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ralph Lloyd
- The Chemours Company , 22828 Highway 87 South, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28306, United States
| | - Zimin Nie
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Wei
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Vincent Sprenkle
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - J-David Londono
- DuPont Central Research and Development , 700-707 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, United States
| | - Murat Unlu
- The Chemours Company , P.O. Box 8352, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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16
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Bang HS, Kim D, Hwang SS, Won J. Surface-modified porous membranes with electrospun Nafion/PVA fibres for non-aqueous redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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18
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Jin Z, Xie K, Hong X. Electrochemical performance of lithium/sulfur batteries using perfluorinated ionomer electrolyte with lithium sulfonyl dicyanomethide functional groups as functional separator. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Yang L, Tang J, Li L, Ai F, Chen X, Yuan WZ, Zhang Y. Properties of precursor solution cast PFSI membranes with various ion exchange capacities and annealing temperatures. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra00043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Zhao Y, Yu H, Xing D, Lu W, Shao Z, Yi B. Preparation and characterization of PTFE based composite anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Kreuer KD, Wohlfarth A, de Araujo CC, Fuchs A, Maier J. Single Alkaline-Ion (Li+, Na+) Conductors by Ion Exchange of Proton-Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2558-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Kim YS, Pivovar BS. Moving Beyond Mass-Based Parameters for Conductivity Analysis of Sulfonated Polymers. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2010; 1:123-48. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proton conductivity of polymer electrolytes is critical for fuel cells and has therefore been studied in significant detail. The conductivity of sulfonated polymers has been linked to material characteristics to elucidate trends. Mass-based measurements based on water uptake and ion exchange capacity are two of the most common material characteristics used to make comparisons between polymer electrolytes, but they have significant limitations when correlated to proton conductivity. These limitations arise in part because different polymers can have significantly different densities and because conduction occurs over length scales more appropriately represented by volume measurements rather than mass. Herein we establish and review volume-related parameters that can be used to compare the proton conductivity of different polymer electrolytes. Morphological effects on proton conductivity are also considered. Finally, the impact of these phenomena on designing next-generation sulfonated polymers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seung Kim
- Sensors and Electrochemical Devices, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Bryan S. Pivovar
- Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401
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Singh S, Jasti A, Kumar M, Shahi VK. A green method for the preparation of highly stable organic-inorganic hybrid anion-exchange membranes in aqueous media for electrochemical processes. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Choi P, Jalani NH, Thampan TM, Datta R. Consideration of thermodynamic, transport, and mechanical properties in the design of polymer electrolyte membranes for higher temperature fuel cell operation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jalani NH, Datta R. The effect of equivalent weight, temperature, cationic forms, sorbates, and nanoinorganic additives on the sorption behavior of Nafion®. J Memb Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Mauritz
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #10076, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, USA.
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Lee CH, Park HB, Lee YM, Lee RD. Importance of Proton Conductivity Measurement in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Fuel Cell Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0501172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and Division of Electromagnetic Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Korea
| | - Ho Bum Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and Division of Electromagnetic Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Korea
| | - Young Moo Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and Division of Electromagnetic Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Korea
| | - Rae Duk Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and Division of Electromagnetic Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Korea
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Liang HY, Qiu XP, Zhang SC, Zhu WT, Chen LQ. Study of lithiated Nafion ionomer for lithium batteries. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-004-1767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bekiarian PG, Doyle M, Farnham WB, Feiring AE, Morken PA, Roelofs MG, Marshall WJ. New substantially fluorinated ionomers for electrochemical applications. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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