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Cruz Neto DH, Soto J, Maity N, Lefumeux C, Nguyen T, Pernot P, Steenkeste K, Peláez D, Ha-Thi MH, Pino T. A Novel Pump-Pump-Probe Resonance Raman Approach Featuring Light-Induced Charge Accumulation on a Model Photosystem. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4789-4795. [PMID: 37186953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced charge accumulation is at the heart of biomimetic systems aiming at solar fuel production in the realm of artificial photosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms upon which these processes operate is a necessary condition to drive down the rational catalyst design road. We have built a nanosecond pump-pump-probe resonance Raman setup to witness the sequential charge accumulation process while probing vibrational features of different charge-separated states. By employing a reversible model system featuring methyl viologen (MV) as a dual electron acceptor, we have been able to watch the photosensitized production of its neutral form, MV0, resulting from two sequential electron transfer reactions. We have found that, upon double excitation, a fingerprint vibrational mode corresponding to the doubly reduced species appears at 992 cm-1 and peaks at 30 μs after the second excitation. This has been further confirmed by simulated resonance Raman spectra which fully support our experimental findings in this unprecedented buildup of charge seen by a resonance Raman probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Cruz Neto
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nishith Maity
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christophe Lefumeux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Pernot
- Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Karine Steenkeste
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Peláez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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Morino Y, Fukui KI. Interface Behavior of Electrolyte/Quinone Organic Active Material in Battery Operation by Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3951-3958. [PMID: 35294832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the microscopic charge/discharge (delithiation/lithiation) mechanism at the interface of the electrolyte and organic cathode active material in the lithium-ion battery, we prepared a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) electrode of 1,4-benzoquinone terminated dihexyl disulfide (BQ-C6) on Au(111). An electrochemical setup with the BQ-C6 SAM as a working electrode and 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)/triethyleneglycol dimethylether (G3) as the electrolyte was used. We adopted the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) method to obtain sufficient Raman signal of SAM for operando Raman spectroscopy measurements by the enhancement with ∼100 nm diameter Au particles coated with SiO2 shell (average thickness = 2 nm). By this method, we succeeded in acquiring the Raman signal of the molecular monolayer on the model electrode simulating the interface between the electrolyte and the organic active material. In the cyclic voltammogram, two peaks were observed during the reduction reaction (lithiation), whereas only one peak was detected in the course of the oxidation process (delithiation). Simultaneous operando SHINERS showed a two-step spectral shape change in lithiation and coinciding (or simultaneous) one-step recovery during delithiation to match cyclic voltammetry behavior. The results indicate an asymmetric lithiation/delithiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morino
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fukui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Kumar VR, Rajkumar N, Ariese F, Umapathy S. Direct Observation of Thermal Equilibrium of Excited Triplet States of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone. A Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10147-57. [PMID: 26381591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of aromatic ketones plays a key role in various physicochemical and biological processes, and solvent polarity can be used to tune their triplet state properties. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the conformational structure and the solvent polarity induced energy level reordering of the two lowest triplet states of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) was carried out using nanosecond-time-resolved absorption (ns-TRA), time-resolved resonance Raman (TR(3)) spectroscopy, and time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies. The ns-TRA of PQ in acetonitrile displays two bands in the visible range, and these two bands decay with similar lifetime at least at longer time scales (μs). Interestingly, TR(3) spectra of these two bands indicate that the kinetics are different at shorter time scales (ns), while at longer time scales they followed the kinetics of ns-TRA spectra. Therefore, we report a real-time observation of the thermal equilibrium between the two lowest triplet excited states of PQ, assigned to nπ* and ππ* of which the ππ* triplet state is formed first through intersystem crossing. Despite the fact that these two states are energetically close and have a similar conformational structure supported by TD-DFT studies, the slow internal conversion (∼2 ns) between the T(2)(1(3)nπ*) and T(1)(1(3)ππ*) triplet states indicates a barrier. Insights from the singlet excited states of PQ in protic solvents [ J. Chem. Phys. 2015 , 142 , 24305 ] suggest that the lowest nπ* and ππ* triplet states should undergo hydrogen bond weakening and strengthening, respectively, relative to the ground state, and these mechanisms are substantiated by TD-DFT calculations. We also hypothesize that the different hydrogen bonding mechanisms exhibited by the two lowest singlet and triplet excited states of PQ could influence its ISC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Ravi Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nagappan Rajkumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Freek Ariese
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Ma K, Tang G. Experimental and DFT studies on the vibrational and electronic spectra of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 105:352-358. [PMID: 23333529 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational and electronic spectral measurements were made for 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Optimized geometrical structure and harmonic vibrational frequencies were computed by DFT(B3LYP, CAMB3LYP, B3P86, M062X, mPW3PBE and PBE1PBE) using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Complete assignments of the observed spectra were proposed. The absorption spectra of the compound were computed both in gas-phase and in CH(2)Cl(2) solution using TDCAMB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and PCM-TDCAMB3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) approaches, respectively, the calculated results provide a good description of positions of the bands maxima in the observed electronic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Huaian Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Conversion and Energy Storage Materials, PR China.
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Sahoo SK, Umapathy S, Parker AW. Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy: exploring reactive intermediates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 65:1087-115. [PMID: 21986070 DOI: 10.1366/11-06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of reaction mechanisms involves systematic investigations of the correlation between structure, reactivity, and time. The challenge is to be able to observe the chemical changes undergone by reactants as they change into products via one or several intermediates such as electronic excited states (singlet and triplet), radicals, radical ions, carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, nitrinium ions, etc. The vast array of intermediates and timescales means there is no single "do-it-all" technique. The simultaneous advances in contemporary time-resolved Raman spectroscopic techniques and computational methods have done much towards visualizing molecular fingerprint snapshots of the reactive intermediates in the microsecond to femtosecond time domain. Raman spectroscopy and its sensitive counterpart resonance Raman spectroscopy have been well proven as means for determining molecular structure, chemical bonding, reactivity, and dynamics of short-lived intermediates in solution phase and are advantageous in comparison to commonly used time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. Today time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is a mature technique; its development owes much to the advent of pulsed tunable lasers, highly efficient spectrometers, and high speed, highly sensitive multichannel detectors able to collect a complete spectrum. This review article will provide a brief chronological development of the experimental setup and demonstrate how experimentalists have conquered numerous challenges to obtain background-free (removing fluorescence), intense, and highly spectrally resolved Raman spectra in the nanosecond to microsecond (ns-μs) and picosecond (ps) time domains and, perhaps surprisingly, laid the foundations for new techniques such as spatially offset Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Keshari Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Mohapatra H, Umapathy S. Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Studies on Proton-Induced Electron-Transfer Reaction from Triplet Excited State of 2-Methoxynaphthalene to Decafluorobenzophenone. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12447-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109821r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Himansu Mohapatra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Nasiri HR, Panisch R, Madej MG, Bats JW, Lancaster CRD, Schwalbe H. The correlation of cathodic peak potentials of vitamin K(3) derivatives and their calculated electron affinities. The role of hydrogen bonding and conformational changes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:601-8. [PMID: 19265668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone 1 (vitamin K(3), menadione) derivatives with different substituents at the 3-position were synthesized to tune their electrochemical properties. The thermodynamic midpoint potential (E(1/2)) of the naphthoquinone derivatives yielding a semi radical naphthoquinone anion were measured by cyclic voltammetry in the aprotic solvent dimethoxyethane (DME). Using quantum chemical methods, a clear correlation was found between the thermodynamic midpoint potentials and the calculated electron affinities (E(A)). Comparison of calculated and experimental values allowed delineation of additional factors such as the conformational dependence of quinone substituents and hydrogen bonding which can influence the electron affinities (E(A)) of the quinone. This information can be used as a model to gain insight into enzyme-cofactor interactions, particularly for enzyme quinone binding modes and the electrochemical adjustment of the quinone motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nasiri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lü JM, Rosokha SV, Neretin IS, Kochi JK. Quinones as Electron Acceptors. X-Ray Structures, Spectral (EPR, UV−vis) Characteristics and Electron-Transfer Reactivities of Their Reduced Anion Radicals as Separated vs Contact Ion Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16708-19. [PMID: 17177421 DOI: 10.1021/ja066471o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful isolation of a series of pure (crystalline) salts of labile quinone anion radicals suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis allows for the first time their rigorous structural distinction as "separated" ion pairs (SIPs) vs "contact" ion pairs (CIPs). The quantitative evaluation of the precise changes in the geometries of these quinones (Q) upon one-electron reduction to afford the anion radical (Q-*) is viewed relative to the corresponding (two-electron) reduction to the hydroquinone (H2Q) via the Pauling bond-length/bond-order paradigm. Structural consequences between such separated and contact ion pairs as defined in the solid state with those extant in solution are explored in the context of their spectral (EPR, UV-vis) properties and isomerization of tightly bound CIPs. Moreover, the SIP/CIP dichotomy is also examined in intermolecular interactions for rapid (self-exchange) electron transfer between Q-* and Q with second-order rate constants of kET approximately equal to 10(8) M-1 s-1, together with the spectral observation of the paramagnetic intermediates [Q,Q-*]leading to 1:1 adducts, as established by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Chan PY, Ong SY, Zhu P, Leung KH, Phillips DL. Transient resonance Raman and density functional theory investigation of the 4-acetamidophenylnitrenium ion. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5265-73. [PMID: 12816488 DOI: 10.1021/jo0300439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a transient resonance Raman and density functional theory study of the 4-acetamidophenylnitrenium ion in a mostly aqueous solvent. The transient Raman bands combined with results from density functional theory calculations indicate that the spectrum should be assigned to the singlet state of the 4-acetamidophenylnitrenium ion. The 4-acetamidophenylnitrenium ion was found to have a substantial iminocyclohexadienyl character comparable to previously studied para-phenyl-substituted phenylnitrenium ions and noticeable charge on both the acetamido and nitrenium moieties. The structure and properties of the 4-acetamidophenylnitrenium ion are compared to those of other arylnitrenium ions. We briefly discuss the chemical reactivity and selectivity of the para-acetamido-substituted phenylnitrenium ions compared to para-phenyl- or para-alkoxy-substituted phenylnitrenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pik Ying Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S. A. R., P. R. China
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