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Yuan D, Medina Rivero S, Mayorga Burrezo P, Ren L, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Grabowski SJ, Casanova D, Zhu X, Casado J. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Oligothiophenes Have Two Crossed Paths for Electron Delocalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:13523-13534. [PMID: 29873847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of electron-deficient oligothiophenes, thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione oligothiophenes (OTPDn ), from the monomer to hexamer, is reported. The optical and structural properties in the neutral states have been analyzed by absorption and emission spectroscopy together with vibrational Raman spectroscopy. In their reduced forms, these molecules could stabilize both anions and dianions in similar ways. For the dianions, two independent modes of electron conjugation of the charge excess were observed: the interdione path and the interthiophene path. The interference of these two paths highlighted the existence of a singlet diradical ground electronic state and the appearance of low-energy, thermally accessible triplet states. These results provide valuable insights into the device performance of TPD-based materials and for the rational design of new high-performance organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Longbin Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - María E Sandoval-Salinas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computational (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Sławomir J Grabowski
- Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Facultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
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Casado J, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Vibrational Raman Shifts and Aromaticity: The Case of Oligothiophenes. CHEM REC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
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Arumugam A, Gopinath K, Karthikeya C, Hameed AH, Arunkumar K. Phytochemical Synthesis and Crystallization of Sucrose from the Extract of Gloriosa superba. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2015.144.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Janeliunas D, Eelkema R, Nieto-Ortega B, Ramírez Aguilar FJ, López Navarrete JT, van der Mee L, Stuart MCA, Casado J, van Esch JH. Designing new symmetrical facial oligothiophene amphiphiles. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8435-42. [PMID: 24196136 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we designed a new class of symmetrical facial oligothiophene amphiphiles, which could be obtained in fewer steps than for previously reported analogues, but still possess the specific substituent sequence to control their backbone curvature. This novel design allows the late-stage introduction of hydrophilic groups, aiding both purification and ease of structure variation. Following the new synthetic scheme, symmetrical ter- and sexi-thiophenes were synthesized, analysed and their properties were compared to their non-symmetrical analogues. Surprisingly, the self-assembly behaviour in water, aggregate morphologies and photo-physical properties turned out to be significantly different despite the same ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents. The new substitution pattern resulted in a drastic decrease of the critical aggregation concentration and an increase of the aggregate size. The symmetrical positioning of the substituents also heavily influenced the photo-physical properties. The changes were observed as large blue shifts in the absorption and emission spectra in water when compared to similar regio-regular oligothiophene amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainius Janeliunas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Karthikeyan C, Haja Hameed AS, Sagaya Agnes Nisha J, Ravi G. Spectroscopic investigation on the efficient organic nonlinear crystals of pure and diethanolamine added DAST. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 115:667-674. [PMID: 23880408 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
4-N,N'-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium toyslate (DAST) and diethanolamine (DEA) added DAST crystals are grown by slow cooling method. The corresponding powder samples are examined by characterization studies such as XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis-NIR and photoluminescence studies. From the powder X-ray diffraction, their lattice parameter values are found out. Since the vibrational spectra of the molecules are considerably contributed to their linear and nonlinear optical effects, Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies are carried out for the samples. The UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of the samples are used to find the nature of transitions occurred in the samples. Using the density functional theory, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analyses are done in order to explain the transition and density of states (DOS). The first order hyperpolarizability is calculated by HF and B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) basis sets for the DAST molecule. From the photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies, the strong excitation emissions are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Karthikeyan
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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The electronic characterization of conjugated aryl-substituted 2,5-bis(2-thien-2-ylethenyl) thiophene-based oligomers. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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González SR, Ie Y, Aso Y, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. The Frontiers of Quinoidal Stability in Long Oligothiophenes: Raman Spectra of Dicationic Polaron Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16350-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R. González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Yutaka Ie
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Collado D, Casado J, González SR, Navarrete JTL, Suau R, Perez‐Inestrosa E, Pappenfus TM, Raposo MMM. Enhanced Functionality for Donor–Acceptor Oligothiophenes by means of Inclusion of BODIPY: Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Photophysics, and Model Chemistry. Chemistry 2010; 17:498-507. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Collado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐131‐941
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐132‐000
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐132‐000
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐132‐000
| | - Rafael Suau
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐131‐941
| | - Ezequiel Perez‐Inestrosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071 (Spain), Fax: (+34) 952‐131‐941
| | - Ted. M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota Morris, MN 56267 (USA)
| | - M. Manuela M. Raposo
- Center of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710‐057 Braga (Portugal)
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10
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Oliva MM, Pappenfus T, Melby J, Schwaderer K, Johnson J, McGee K, da Silva Filho D, Bredas JL, Casado J, López Navarrete J. Comparison of Thiophene-Pyrrole Oligomers with Oligothiophenes: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Their Structural and Spectroscopic Properties. Chemistry 2010; 16:6866-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Malavé Osuna R, Hernández VÃ, López Navarrete JT, Aragó J, Viruela PM, Ortà E, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi S, Henssler JT, Matzger AJ. FT Raman and DFT Study on a Series of All-antiOligothienoacenes End-Capped with Triisopropylsilyl Groups. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3069-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Malavé Osuna R, Ruiz Delgado M, Hernández V, López Navarrete J, Vercelli B, Zotti G, Novoa J, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi S, Henssler J, Matzger A. Oxidation of End-Capped Pentathienoacenes and Characterization of Their Radical Cations. Chemistry 2009; 15:12346-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Ponce Ortiz R, González SR, Casado J, López Navarrete JT, Officer DL, Wagner P, Earles JC, Gordon KC. Electronic Studies on Oligothienylenevinylenes: Understanding the Nature of Their Ground and Excited Electronic States. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1901-10. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Casado J, Rodríguez González S, Ruiz Delgado M, Moreno Oliva M, López Navarrete J, Caballero R, de la Cruz P, Langa F. Ferrocenyl-Ended Thieno-Vinylene Oligomers: Donor-Acceptor Polarization and Mixed-Valence Properties with Emphasis on the Raman Mapping of Localized-to-Delocalized Transitions. Chemistry 2009; 15:2548-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Vijayakumar T, Hubert Joe I, Reghunadhan Nair C, Jayakumar V. Efficient π electrons delocalization in prospective push–pull non-linear optical chromophore 4-[N,N-dimethylamino]-4′-nitro stilbene (DANS): A vibrational spectroscopic study. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Earles JC, Gordon KC, Officer DL, Wagner P. A Spectroscopic and Computational Study of the Neutral and Radical Cation Species of Conjugated Aryl-Substituted 2,5-Bis(2-thien-2-ylethenyl)thiophene-Based Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:7171-80. [PMID: 17616177 DOI: 10.1021/jp071596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A spectroscopic and computational study of a series of 2,5-bis(2-thien-2-ylethenyl) thiophene-based oligomers with a para-R-arylethenyl substituent is reported. The primary aim of this investigation is to increase understanding of how charge moves through these molecules by comparing the neutral and oxidized structures for each molecule. To this end, the B3LYP/6-31G(d) computational method was used to calculate the geometry and vibrational spectra for all molecules considered and their oxidation products. For vibrational data, mean absolute deviations for frequencies between experimental and theoretical results ranging from 2 to 18 cm-1 were obtained. Experimental Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with calculated bond length analyses, was used to gain an insight into the position and delocalization of the charged defect on the oxidized oligomers. The relative frequencies of different ethylene stretching modes served as a particularly useful probe in this regard. It was found that the ethenyl spacers do not impede pi-electron delocalization and, therefore, give rise to a longer conjugation length relative to the corresponding terthiophenes. Furthermore, the para-R-arylethenyl substituent was found to orientate the charged defect toward a specific region of the 2,5-bis(2-thien-2-ylethenyl)thiophene conjugation path.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Earles
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Clarke TM, Gordon KC, Chan WS, Phillips DL, Wagner P, Officer DL. Raman spectroscopy of short-lived terthiophene radical cations generated by photochemical and chemical oxidation. Chemphyschem 2007; 7:1276-85. [PMID: 16673432 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Raman spectra of various terthiophene radical cations are investigated; namely those of unsubstituted terthiophene and two styryl-substituted terthiophenes. Transient pump-probe resonance Raman spectroscopy is used to measure the short-lived radical cation spectra of non-end-capped 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (3T) and 3'-[(E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (NO2-pe3T). For these two compounds, the radical cations are generated via either direct photogeneration or photochemically using the electron acceptor tetracyanoethylene. The radical cation of 5,5''-dimethyl-3'-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene (DM-pe3T) is stable for up to five minutes as a result of the two alpha end caps and continuous-wave resonance Raman spectroscopy and chemical oxidation is used to obtain the spectrum of this radical cation. The resonance Raman spectra of all three terthiophene radical cations are dominated by a group of very intense bands in the low-frequency region. These bands have been assigned, by density functional theory methods, to C-S stretching modes coupled to thiophene ring deformations. These modes are significantly less intense in the sigma-dimer of NO2-pe3T [i.e. the corresponding styryl sexithiophene (NO2-pe3T)2]. This observation is attributed to a smaller change in the C--S bond order in the sexithiophene compared to the analogous terthiophene. This bond order difference may be rationalised by consideration of the singly occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which are involved in the electronic transition probed by the laser excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ortí E, Viruela PM, Viruela R, Effenberger F, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Raman and theoretical study of the solvent effects on the sizable intramolecular charge transfer in the push-pull 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:8724-31. [PMID: 16834274 DOI: 10.1021/jp052137n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the degree of intramolecular charge transfer in a push-pull pi-conjugated system, 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene, from changes in frequencies and relative intensities of its strongest Raman scatterings in a bunch of solvents with different polarities. Density functional theory (DFT) was used as a support of the experimental study. Solvent effects on the molecular and electronic structures and on the vibrational properties were estimated by performing B3LYP/6-31G calculations within the framework of the polarized continuum model (PCM) developed by Tomasi. Calculations reveal that the molecule is highly polarized in the ground state and behaves as a very efficient photoinduced push-pull system. The polarization of the molecule strongly increases with solvent polarity and determines that the profile of the Raman spectra greatly changes from one solvent to another and in going to the solid. The strongest Raman scattering associated with the nu(sym)(NO(2)) stretching undergoes a downshift of 48 cm(-1) in passing from CCl(4) to the solid. DFT calculations provide a comprehensive interpretation of the evolution of the Raman spectra with solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortí
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain
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Filho DADS, Coropceanu V, Fichou D, Gruhn NE, Bill TG, Gierschner J, Cornil J, Brédas JL. Hole-vibronic coupling in oligothiophenes: impact of backbone torsional flexibility on relaxation energies. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:1435-52. [PMID: 17428767 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations together with highly resolved gas-phase ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy have been applied to oligothiophene chains with up to eight thiophene rings. One of the important parameters governing the charge transport properties in the condensed phase is the amount of energy relaxation upon ionization. Here, we investigate the impact on this parameter of the backbone flexibility present in oligothiophenes as a result of inter-ring torsional motions. With respect to oligoacenes that are characterized by a coplanar and rigid backbone, the torsional flexibility in oligothiophenes adds to the relaxation energy and leads to the broadening of the first ionization peak, making its analysis more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio A da Silva Filho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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20
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Osuna RM, Ponce Ortiz R, Okamoto T, Suzuki Y, Yamaguchi S, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Thiophene- and Selenophene-Based Heteroacenes: Combined Quantum Chemical DFT and Spectroscopic Raman and UV−Vis−NIR Study. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7488-96. [PMID: 17564429 DOI: 10.1021/jp067262t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the characterization of a series of thiophene- and selenophene-based heteroacenes, materials with potential applications in organic electronics. In contrast to the usual alpha-oligothiophenes, these annelated oligomers have a larger band gap than most semiconductors currently used in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and therefore they are expected to be more stable in air. The synthesis of these fused-ring molecular materials was motivated by the notion that a more rigid and planar structure should reduce defects (such as torsion about single bonds between alpha-linked units or S-syn defects) and thus improve pi-conjugation for better charge-carrier mobility. The conjugational properties of these heteroacenes have been investigated by means of FT-Raman spectroscopy, revealing that pi-conjugation increases with the increasing number of annelated rings. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations have been performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, to assess information regarding the minimum-energy molecular structure, topologies, and absolute energies of the frontier molecular orbitals around the gap, vibrational normal modes related to the main Raman features, and vertical one-electron excitations giving rise to the main optical absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Malavé Osuna
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain
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21
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Moreno Oliva M, Ruiz Delgado MC, Casado J, López Navarrete JT, Troaini V, de la Cruz P, Langa F. Vibrational spectra of oligothienyl-vinylenes with donor-π-donor and donor-π-acceptor substitution patterns. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Malavé Osuna R, Ponce Ortiz R, Ruiz Delgado MC, Nenajdenko VG, Sumerin VV, Balenkova ES, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Fourier Transform Raman and DFT Study of Three Annulated Oligothiophenes with Different Molecular Shapes. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:745-50. [PMID: 17328090 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we study the conjugation properties of three different thienoacenes, each of which has three or four fused thiophene rings, by means of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The B3LYP/6-31G** vibrational analysis of all of the collected spectroscopic data evidences that the selective enhancement of a limited number of Raman scatterings is related to the occurrence in the three thienoacenes of a vibronic coupling between the lowest unoccupied frontier molecular orbital (LUMO) and some Raman-active skeletal nu(C==C) stretching modes of 1600-1300 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Malavé Osuna
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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23
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Oliva MM, Casado J, Raposo MMM, Fonseca AMC, Hartmann H, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Structure−Property Relationships in Push−Pull Amino/Cyanovinyl End-Capped Oligothiophenes: Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7509-20. [PMID: 16995653 DOI: 10.1021/jo060318v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of push-pull chromophores built around thiophene-based pi-conjugating spacers and bearing various types of amino donors and cyanovinyl acceptors have been analyzed by means of UV-vis-NIR, IR, and Raman spectroscopic measurements in the solid state as well as in solution. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of these pi-conjugated systems has also been tested by analyzing the ability of the solute molecules to undergo shifts in their fluorescence emission maxima with increasing solvent polarity. These push-pull oligomers also display an attractive electrochemical behavior since they generate stable species both upon oxidation and reduction. Oxidation mainly involves changes in the electron-rich aminooligothienyl half-part of the molecule and leads to the formation of stable cations. On the other hand, reduction to radical anions and dianions is mainly cyanovinyl-centered but also affects the pi-conjugated electron relay. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to help the assignment of the most relevant electronic and vibrational features and to derive useful information about the molecular structure of these NLO-phores.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno Oliva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Clarke TM, Gordon KC, Kwok WM, Phillips DL, Officer DL. Tuning from π,π* to Charge-Transfer Excited States in Styryl-Substituted Terthiophenes: An Ultrafast and Steady-State Emission Study. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7696-702. [PMID: 16774217 DOI: 10.1021/jp0600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steady-state and transient emission properties of unsubstituted terthiophene and a series of 3'-[E-2-(4-R-phenyl)ethenyl]-2,2':5',2' '-terthiophenes (where R = H, MeO, NH(2), CN, NMe(2), NO(2)) have been examined. The R = NO(2) compound is nonemissive at room temperature in all solvents but cyclohexane. All of the other compounds show measurable steady-state emission in a variety of solvents. The behavior of these spectra may be split into two groups. The first group, those substituted compounds with R = CN, NH(2) and NMe(2), show solvatochromic behavior, where their Lippert-Mataga plots suggest changes in dipole upon photoexcitation ranging from 12.5 to 16.0 D. For the second group, where R = H and MeO (and unsubstituted terthiophene as well), the Lippert-Mataga plots indicate dipole moment changes ranging from 0 to 7.9 D. The difference in behavior between the two groups of emissive compounds can be attributed to a charge-transfer character of the emitting state in the first group. This conclusion is supported by density functional theory calculations, which show that the frontier MOs in the group one compounds are spatially separated whereas those of group two have frontier MOs that are delocalized over both the styryl and terthiophene moieties. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that unsubstituted terthiophene has the shortest emission lifetime of 140 ps in acetonitrile. For the styryl substituted terthiophenes, the lifetimes are much longer and range from 320 to 670 ps for R = CN and NMe(2) respectively, a result that can be explained in terms of a smaller rate of intersystem crossing in these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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25
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Clarke TM, Gordon KC, Officer DL, Grant DK. The effect of oxidation on the structure of styryl-substituted sexithiophenes: A resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory study. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:164501. [PMID: 16674140 DOI: 10.1063/1.2185095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures and vibrational properties of a series of styryl-substituted sexithiophenes and their charged species have been examined using resonance Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. The calculated geometries of the radical cations and dications indicate that the quinoidal charged defects are more strongly localized in the center of the thiophene backbone than is observed in other sexithiophenes. This defect confinement, induced by the positions of the styryl substituents, is particularly evident in the dication species. However, the defect confinement weakens when alkoxy groups are added onto the phenyl rings by causing the extension of the charged defect into the styryl groups. The Raman spectra of the neutral styryl sexithiophenes are dominated by intense thiophene symmetrical stretching modes in both the measured and predicted spectra. Oxidation generates radical cations and dications, both of which can be observed in the solution state resonance Raman spectra. Unlike other sexithiophenes, which generally show a downshift of the intense thiophene stretching mode from the radical cation to the dication, a small upshift is observed for the styryl-substituted sexithiophenes. The theoretical spectra predict an insignificant change during this transition and the eigenvector for this mode reveals that it is localized over the same area occupied by the confined defect. In contrast, the solid state resonance Raman spectra of electrochemically oxidized films reveal evidence of solely radical cations and there is an appreciable downshift of the intense thiophene stretching mode compared with the corresponding mode in the solution spectra. This implies that the increase in the effective conjugation length from the solution to the solid state is greater for the radical cations than for the neutral species. It therefore appears that the radical cations form pi stacks in the solid film and the resulting intermolecular interactions effectively allow a further extension of the electron delocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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26
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Osuna RM, Zhang X, Matzger AJ, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Combined Quantum Chemical Density Functional Theory and Spectroscopic Raman and UV−vis−NIR Study of Oligothienoacenes with Five and Seven Rings. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:5058-65. [PMID: 16610825 DOI: 10.1021/jp0607263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the characterization of novel oligothienoacenes with five and seven fused thiophene rings, materials with potential applications in organic electronics. In contrast to usual alpha-linked oligothiophenes, these fused oligothiophenes have a larger band gap than most semiconductors currently used in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and therefore they are expected to be more stable in air. The synthesis of these fused-ring oligomers was motivated by the notion that a more rigid and planar structure should reduce defects (such as torsion about single bonds between alpha-linked units or S-syn defects) and thus improve conjugation for better charge-carrier mobility. The conjugational properties of these two molecular materials have been investigated by means of FT-Raman spectroscopy, revealing that conjugation still increases in passing from the five-ring oligomer to that with seven-rings. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations have been performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G level, to assess information regarding the minimum-energy molecular structure, topologies, and absolute energies of the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs.) around the gap, vibrational normal modes related to the main Raman features, and vertical one-electron excitations giving rise to the main optical absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Malavé Osuna
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
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27
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Borodin O, Smith GD. Development of Many−Body Polarizable Force Fields for Li-Battery Components: 1. Ether, Alkane, and Carbonate-Based Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:6279-92. [PMID: 16553446 DOI: 10.1021/jp055079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Classical many-body polarizable force fields were developed for n-alkanes, perflouroalkanes, polyethers, ketones, and linear and cyclic carbonates on the basis of quantum chemistry dimer energies of model compounds and empirical thermodynamic liquid-state properties. The dependence of the electron correlation contribution to the dimer binding energy on basis-set size and level of theory was investigated as a function of molecular separation for a number of alkane, ether, and ketone dimers. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the force fields accurately predicted structural, dynamic, and transport properties of liquids and unentangled polymer melts. On average, gas-phase dimer binding energies predicted with the force field were between those from MP2/aug-cc-pvDz and MP2/aug-cc-pvTz quantum chemistry calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Borodin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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28
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Casado J, Zgierski MZ, Hicks RG, Myles DJT, Viruela PM, Ortí E, Ruiz Delgado MC, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Mesitylthio-Oligothiophenes in Various Redox States. Molecular and Electronic Views as Offered by Spectroscopy and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11275-84. [PMID: 16331912 DOI: 10.1021/jp052778i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of alpha,omega-bis(mesitylthio)oligothiophenes of various chain lengths and with different side substitution patterns have been studied in their oxidized states by means of electron absorption and Raman spectroscopies in combination with theory in the framework of the density functional theory. Upon chemical oxidation, stable radical cations, dications, and even radical trications are generated. Longer chain lengths better stabilize higher oxidation states. The tetramer can be easily converted to the dication, and a trication can be obtained for the ethylenedioxy derivative. The alpha,omega-sulfur atoms are actively involved in the formation of the charged species and exert a favorable tuning of their electronic structure. Raman spectra provide experimental evidence of the attainment of quinoidal structures within the conjugated path, initially heteroaromatic, with different extension as a function of the p-doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
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29
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Osuna RM, Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Sakamoto Y, Suzuki T, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Synthesis and Characterization of Three Novel Perfluoro-oligothiophenes Ranging in Length from the Trimer to the Pentamer. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:20737-45. [PMID: 16853688 DOI: 10.1021/jp054205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this Article, we report on the synthesis and full characterization of three perfluorinated oligothiophenes, ranging in length from the trimer to the pentamer (PF-nT, with n = 3, 4, or 5). The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis of the compounds showed that they can be both oxidized and reduced (i.e., they display a dual or amphoteric electrochemical behavior), with the reduction peaks positively shifted relative to those of the corresponding unsubstituted oligothiophenes. The electrochemically determined energy gaps are in agreement with those measured from the UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra in solution. The conjugational properties have been investigated by means of FT-Raman spectroscopy, both as pure solids and as dilute solutes in CH(2)Cl(2), revealing that: (i) pi-conjugation does not still reach saturation with chain length for the longest oligomer, and (ii) conformational distortions from a nearly coplanar arrangement of the successive thiophene units upon solution are not too large. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations have been performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G level, to assess information about the optimized molecular structure, equilibrium atomic charges distribution, energies and topologies of the frontier molecular orbitals (MO) around the gap, vibrational normal modes associated with the most outstanding Raman scatterings, and vertical one-electron excitations that give rise to the main optical absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Malavé Osuna
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, 29071-Malaga, Spain
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30
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Casado J, Hernández V, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ortiz RP, López Navarrete JT, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Incisive Structure−Spectroscopic Correlation in Oligothiophenes Functionalized with (±) Inductive/Mesomeric Fluorine Groups: Joint Raman and DFT Study. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:13364-72. [PMID: 16173770 DOI: 10.1021/ja053296n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a combined experimental Raman and density functional theory (DFT) study of a series of oligothiophenes with variable pi-core lengths and substituted at the alpha,omega- and beta,beta'-terminal positions with perfluorohexyl, perfluorohexylcarbonyl, perfluoroarene, and cyano groups. The study covers the neutral and the electrochemically oxidized samples. The spectra have been assigned with the help of B3LYP/6-31G** calculations and interpreted by the predictions of effective conjugation coordinate (ECC) theory. Direct relationships between the bond length alternation (BLA) parameters and the Raman wavenumbers of the two most important bands of the spectra have been outlined showing the collective character of their electronic and vibrational properties. It is found that the topology of the thienyl electronic structure is not uniform along the conjugated core with the external rings more aromatic, whereas for the innermost part the pi-electron delocalization is greater and extends with the increment of chain length. Perfluorohexyl substitution finely tunes the electronic properties via negative inductive effects. The beta,beta' isomers exhibit larger conformational distortion, which strongly modifies the mean conjugation length. Oxidation provokes electronic structure quinoidization spreading over the whole system but more marked in the central part of the pi-core. The Raman features associated to quinoidization in the oxidized species have been interpreted in relation to the oligomer core length and the substitution regiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
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31
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Casado J, Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT, Raimundo JM, Blanchard P, Allain M, Roncali J. Alternated Quinoid/Aromatic Units in Terthiophenes Building Blocks for Electroactive Narrow Band Gap Polymers. Extended Spectroscopic, Solid State, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16616-27. [PMID: 16853114 DOI: 10.1021/jp0520300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of three novel pi-conjugated heterocyclic mixed trimers that contain two electron-donating 3,4-ethylenedioxy-2-thienyl (EDOT) units covalently attached to a central proquinoid electron-accepting thienopyrazine moiety (two of these narrow-HOMO-LUMO gap D-A-D compounds also bear hexyl side chains attached either to the outermost alpha positions of the EDOT end rings or to the beta positions of the pyrazine fused ring). The modification of the terthiophene structure upon EDO, pyrazine, and hexyl substitutions has been treated in detail with spectroscopic and theoretical arguments. Solid-state properties reveal the occurrence of short intramolecular contacts between heteroatoms of adjacent rings. The analysis of the structure of the pi-conjugated backbone of each molecule is consistent with a partial quinoid-like pattern which partially reverts to be subtly more aromatic depending on the topology of the positive inductive effect of the hexyl chains. This quinoidization is a consequence of the appearance of a D(EDOT)-->A(PyT)<--D(EDOT) intramolecular charge transfer which further polarizes the structure. The same chemical concepts have been applied to address their electrochemical behavior. The three mixed trimers exhibit amphoteric properties due to the combination of electron acceptor and donor groups. Given their relative low HOMO-LUMO energy gap, these trimers promise to be good candidates for obtaining polymers with significant low energy gap combining electroactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Casado J, Zotti G, Berlin A, Hernández V, Ortiz RP, Navarrete JTL. Combined theoretical and spectroscopic Raman study of 3,4-ethylenedioxy and S,S-dioxide substituted terthiophenes and their parent polymers. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Ruiz Delgado M, Ramírez F, Hernández V, Casado J, Enríquez F, López Navarrete J. Vibrational dynamics study of the effect of the substituents on the π-conjugation of different bithiophene molecules. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Casado J, Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Azumi R, Oakley RT, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Multidisciplinary Physicochemical Analysis of Oligothiophenes End-Capped by Nitriles: Electrochemistry, UV−Vis−Near-IR, IR, and Raman Spectroscopies and Quantum Chemistry. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:10115-25. [PMID: 16852226 DOI: 10.1021/jp0446175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we investigate a series of alpha,omega-dicyano end-capped oligothiophenes NC(C(4)H(2)S)(n)()CN ranging in length from the dimer to the hexamer (n = 2-6), in the neutral state as pure solids, by means of Fourier transform IR and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopies. The cyclic voltammetry analysis of the compounds in dichloromethane reveals that most of them show two oxidation and two reduction waves (i.e., a dual or amphoteric electrochemical behavior), associated with the injection of either positive or negative charges into the pi-conjugated system. The doped species are characterized by in situ vis-near-IR and FT-Raman spectrochemistries. Density functional theory calculations have been also performed, at the B3LYP/6-31G level, to assess information about the molecular geometries and vibrational features of the neutral and doped species and about the topologies of the molecular orbitals involved in the main electronic transitions that appear for the neutral forms in the visible spectral region and for the doped species in the near-IR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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35
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Ortiz RP, Ruiz Delgado MC, Casado J, Hernández V, Kim OK, Woo HY, López Navarrete JT. Electronic modulation of dithienothiophene (DTT) as pi-center of D-pi-D chromophores on optical and redox properties: analysis by UV-Vis-NIR and Raman spectroscopies combined with electrochemistry and quantum chemical DFT calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:13363-76. [PMID: 15479093 DOI: 10.1021/ja047058o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study three symmetrical D-pi-D chromophores containing dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT) as the pi-center and various donor end moieties, by means of UV-vis-NIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy and in situ spectroelectrochemistry. The compounds display dual redox properties: all exhibited two oxidations and single stable reduction peaks contrarily to the one or two oxidations and none reduction which could be anticipated in view of their chemical structures. We analyze the possible electronic modulation by the pi-conjugated DTT relay in the redox process and electronic coupling between the two electron donor (D) units attached through conjugation to opposite sides of the pi-linker. To this end, the UV-vis-NIR and FT-Raman spectra of the neutral compounds and of the charged species generated upon in situ p- or n-doping have been recorded and interpreted with the help of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The analysis of the peculiar Raman features of these pi-conjugated chromophores is guided by the formalism of the Effective Conjugation Coordinate (ECC) theory. This research shows that the Raman spectroscopic characterization of this type of D-pi-D structures is a powerful tool to derive information about their pi-conjugational properties in the pristine and doped states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
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36
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Furche F, Rappoport D. Density Functional Methods for Excited States: Equilibrium Structure and Electronic Spectra. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(05)80020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Delgado MR, Hernández V, Casado J, Navarrete JL, Raimundo JM, Blanchard P, Roncali J. Quantum chemical DFT and spectroscopic study of a push–pull chromophore for second-order nonlinear optics containing bithiophene as the electron relay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Casado J, Pappenfus TM, Mann KR, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Exploration of the electronic structure of dendrimerlike acetylene-bridged oligothiophenes by correlating Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and theory. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11874-81. [PMID: 15268221 DOI: 10.1063/1.1755665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of radial thiophene-based structures consisting of a central benzene or thiophene ring surrounded by acetylene-bridged terthienyl arms has been investigated by physical and theoretical methods. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of the neutral solids shows that the terthiophene arms are weakly coupled across the core (benzene plus acetylene groups) likely due to cross-conjugation or meta-conjugation effects that may prevent full delocalization. By increasing the number of arms around the central ring, the electronic structure of the molecules seems to be affected only at the core, whereas the outer terthiophene arms remain almost unaltered. Raman spectroelectrochemistry and quantum chemical calculations provide further insight into the charge delocalization of the oxidized species. There is no evidence to suggest that these oxidized forms, obtained upon electrochemical doping of the molecules, show charge delocalization across the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatìnos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain.
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39
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Ruiz Delgado MC, Casado J, Hernandez V, Lopez Navarrete JT, Fuhrmann G, Bäuerle P. Combined Raman and Computational Study of a Novel Series of Macrocyclic π-Conjugated Diacetylene-Bridged α-Linked Oligothiophenes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036956o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Ruiz Delgado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - J. Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - V. Hernandez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - J. T. Lopez Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - G. Fuhrmann
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - P. Bäuerle
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Organic Chemistry II (Organic Materials and Combinatorial Chemistry), University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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40
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Ruiz Delgado MC, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT, Tanaka S, Yamashita Y. Combined Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Narrow Band Gap Heterocyclic Co-oligomers Containing Alternating Aromatic Donor and o-Quinoid Acceptor Units. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0312262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain, Department of Structural Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain, Department of Structural Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain, Department of Structural Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shoji Tanaka
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain, Department of Structural Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Yamashita
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain, Department of Structural Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan, and Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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41
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Clarke TM, Gordon KC, Officer DL, Hall SB, Collis GE, Burrell AK. Theoretical and Spectroscopic Study of a Series of Styryl-Substituted Terthiophenes. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030619y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - David L. Officer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Simon B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Gavin E. Collis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Anthony K. Burrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, Nanomaterials Research Centre, IFSChemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Milián B, Ortí E, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT, Otsubo T. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Push−Pull Chromophores Containing Thiophene-Based Quinonoid Structures as Electron Spacers. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0354651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Milián
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi, Hiroshima 739, Japan
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi, Hiroshima 739, Japan
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi, Hiroshima 739, Japan
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi, Hiroshima 739, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Otsubo
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-4-1, Higashi, Hiroshima 739, Japan
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Bordner AJ, Cavasotto CN, Abagyan RA. Direct Derivation of van der Waals Force Field Parameters from Quantum Mechanical Interaction Energies. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034164o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Bordner
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., Mail TPC-28, San Diego, California 92037
| | - C. N. Cavasotto
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., Mail TPC-28, San Diego, California 92037
| | - R. A. Abagyan
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., Mail TPC-28, San Diego, California 92037
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Viruela PM, Viruela R, Ortı́ E, Casado J, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Theoretical description of the Raman spectrum of a vinylene-bridged quaterthiophene oligomer. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Casado J, Pappenfus T, Mann K, Milián B, Ortı́ E, Viruela P, Ruiz Delgado M, Hernández V, López Navarrete J. UV–Vis, IR, Raman and theoretical characterization of a novel quinoid oligothiophene molecular material. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ruiz Delgado M, Hernández V, Casado J, López Navarrete J, Raimundo JM, Blanchard P, Roncali J. Vibrational study of push–pull chromophores for second-order non-linear optics derived from rigidified thiophene π-conjugating spacers. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Braun J, Neusser HJ, Hobza P. N−H···π Interactions in Indole···Benzene-h6,d6 and Indole···Benzene-h6,d6 Radical Cation Complexes. Mass Analyzed Threshold Ionization Experiments and Correlated ab Initio Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027217v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Jürgen Neusser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany, and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Complex Molecular Systems and Biomolecules, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Casado J, Pappenfus TM, Miller LL, Mann KR, Ortí E, Viruela PM, Pou-Amérigo R, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Nitro-functionalized oligothiophenes as a novel type of electroactive molecular material: spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational study. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2524-34. [PMID: 12603140 DOI: 10.1021/ja027835p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of terthiophenes bearing electron-donor and electron-acceptor groups at the end alpha-positions has been prepared. The analysis of the UV-vis, infrared, and Raman spectra, performed with the aid of density functional theory calculations, shows that the asymmetrically substituted nitro compounds PhT(3)NO(2) and BrT(3)NO(2) behave as push-pull systems and present an intense photoinduced charge transfer in the visible spectrum. The symmetrically substituted dinitro compound NO(2)T(3)NO(2) displays a highly delocalized structure with a low single-double bond length alternation and also displays a low-energy absorption band in the visible region. The novel nitroterthiophenes possess attractive electrochemical properties since they generate stable species both upon oxidation and reduction. Oxidation mainly involves changes in the oligothiophene backbone and leads to the formation of stable cations even for NO(2)T(3)NO(2). Reduction is mainly nitro-centered but also affects the conjugated structure. Radical anions and dianions are formed for PhT(3)NO(2) and BrT(3)NO(2). Dianions, not radical anions, and trianions are obtained for NO(2)T(3)NO(2). Nitro-functionalized terthiophenes are shown to be very promising as electroactive molecular materials since they behave as push-pull systems, present a very intense photoinduced charge transfer in the visible region, and could act as both n- and p-channel conductors in organic electronic transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071-Málaga, Spain.
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Casado J, Ruiz Delgado MC, Shirota Y, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Computation and Spectroelectrochemistry as Complementary Tools for the Study of Electrochemically Induced Charged Defects in 4-[ Bis(4-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl Oligothiophenes as Model Systems for Hole-Transporting Materials. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022484m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wartelle C, Viruela R, Viruela PM, Sauvage FX, Sallé M, Ortí E, Levillain E, Le Derf F. First signals of electrochemically oxidized species of TTF and TTM-TTF: A study by in situ spectroelectrochemical FTIR and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b307552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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