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Burkholder JB, Cox RA, Ravishankara AR. Atmospheric degradation of ozone depleting substances, their substitutes, and related species. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3704-59. [PMID: 25893463 DOI: 10.1021/cr5006759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B Burkholder
- †Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - R A Cox
- ‡Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EP, United Kingdom
| | - A R Ravishankara
- §Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Yu AY. Computational study on the reaction of atomic chlorine with 1,2-dibromoethane (CH2BrCH2Br). CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of Cl + CH2BrCH2Br → products are theoretically investigated for the first time. The optimized geometries and frequencies of all of the stationary points and selected points along the minimum-energy path for the three hydrogen abstraction channels and two bromine abstraction channels are calculated at the BH&H-LYP level with the 6-311G** basis set and the energy profiles are further calculated at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The rate constants are evaluated using the conventional transition-state theory, the canonical variational transition-state theory, and the canonical variational transition-state theory with a small-curvature tunneling correction over the temperature range 200–1000 K. The results show that reaction channel 3 is the primary channel and the calculated rate constants are in good agreement with available experimental values. The three-parameter Arrhenius expression for the total rate constants over 200–1000 K is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang-yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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3
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Poutsma ML. Evolution of Structure–Reactivity Correlations for the Hydrogen Abstraction Reaction by Hydroxyl Radical and Comparison with That by Chlorine Atom. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6433-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404749z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L. Poutsma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831-6197, United States
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4
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Seakins PW, Blitz MA. Developments in Laboratory Studies of Gas-Phase Reactions for Atmospheric Chemistry with Applications to Isoprene Oxidation and Carbonyl Chemistry. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2011; 62:351-73. [PMID: 21219141 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory studies of gas-phase chemical processes are a key tool in understanding the chemistry of our atmosphere and hence tackling issues such as climate change and air quality. Laboratory techniques have improved considerably with greater emphasis on product detection, allowing the measurement of site-specific rate coefficients. Radical chemistry lies at the heart of atmospheric chemistry. In this review we consider issues around radical generation and recycling from the oxidation of isoprene and from the chemical reactions and photolysis of carbonyl species. Isoprene is the most globally significant hydrocarbon, but uncertainties exist about its oxidation in unpolluted environments. Recent experiments and calculations that cast light on radical generation are reviewed. Carbonyl compounds are the dominant first-generation products from hydrocarbon oxidation. Chemical oxidation can recycle radicals, or photolysis can be a net radical source. Studies have demonstrated that high-resolution and temperature-dependent studies are important for some significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT United Kingdom;
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Laine PL, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Reactions of Atomic Chlorine with CH3CH2Br, CH3CH2CH2Br, and CH2BrCH2Br. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1658-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110798q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Laine
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - J. Michael Nicovich
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
| | - Paul H. Wine
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and ‡School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, United States
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6
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Bryukov MG, Knyazev VD, Gehling WM, Dellinger B. Kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of OH with chlorobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10452-9. [PMID: 19728723 DOI: 10.1021/jp9049186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with chlorobenzene was studied experimentally using a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser induced fluorescence technique over a wide range of temperatures, 298-670 K, and at pressures between 13.33 and 39.92 kPa. The bimolecular rate constants demonstrate different behavior at low and high temperatures. At room temperature, T = 298.8 +/- 1.5 K, the rate constant is equal to (6.02 +/- 0.34) x 10(-13) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1); at high temperatures (474-670 K), the rate constant values are significantly lower and have a positive temperature dependence that can be described by an Arrhenius expression k1(T) = (1.01 +/- 0.35) x 10(-11) exp[(-2490 +/- 170 K)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). This behavior is consistent with the low-temperature reaction being dominated by reversible addition and the high-temperature reaction representing abstraction and addition-elimination channels. The potential energy surface of the reaction was studied using quantum chemical methods, and a transition state theory model was developed for all reaction channels. The temperature dependences of the high-temperature rate constants obtained in calculations using the method of isodesmic reactions for transition states (IRTS) and the CBS-QB3 method are in very good agreement with experiment, with deviations smaller than the estimated experimental uncertainties. The G3//B3LYP-based calculated rate constants are in disagreement with the experimental values. The IRTS-based model was used to provide modified Arrhenius expressions for the temperature dependences of the rate constant for the abstraction and addition-elimination (Cl replacement) channels of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Bryukov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Martínez-Avilés M, Rosado-Reyes CM, Francisco JS. Hydroxyl-Radical-Initiated Oxidation Mechanism of Bromopropane. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7930-8. [PMID: 18666763 DOI: 10.1021/jp8034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Avilés
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Claudette M. Rosado-Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Martínez-Avilés M, Yang S, Francisco JS. Structure and vibrational spectra of bromine reservoir species from the atmospheric oxidations of bromoethane and bromopropane. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701798929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Rosado-Reyes CM, Martínez-Avilés M, Francisco JS. Computational Study of the Reaction of n-Bromopropane with OH Radicals and Cl Atoms. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Bryukov MG, Vidrine RG, Dellinger B. Temperature-Dependent Kinetics Study of the Gas-Phase Reactions of OH with n- and i-Propyl Bromide. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6197-203. [PMID: 17595069 DOI: 10.1021/jp072693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental, temperature-dependent kinetics study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl radical with n-propyl bromide, OH+n-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 1), and i-propyl bromide, OH+i-C3H7Br-->products (reaction 2), has been performed over wide ranges of temperatures 297-725 and 297-715 K, respectively, and at pressures between 6.67 and 26.76 kPa by a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser-induced fluorescence technique. Data sets of absolute bimolecular rate coefficients obtained in this study for reactions 1 and 2 demonstrate no correlation with pressure and exhibit positive temperature dependencies that can be represented with modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions within their corresponding experimental temperature ranges: k1(T)=(1.32x10(-17))T1.95 exp(+25/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 1 and k2(T)=(1.56x10(-24))T4.18exp(+922/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2. The present results, which extend the current kinetics data base of reactions 1 and 2 to high temperatures, are compared with those from previous works. On the basis of the present data and available data from previous studies, the following bimolecular rate coefficient temperature dependencies can be recommended for the purpose of kinetic modeling: k1(T)=(1.89x10(-19))T2.54exp(+301/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for reaction 1 in a temperature range 210-725 K, and k2(T)=(2.83x10(-21))T3.1exp(+521/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) and k2(T)=(4.54x10(-24))T4.03exp(+860/T) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for reaction 2 in temperature ranges 210-480 and 297-715 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Bryukov
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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12
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Orlando JJ, Piety CA, Nicovich JM, McKee ML, Wine PH. Rates and Mechanisms for the Reactions of Chlorine Atoms with Iodoethane and 2-Iodopropane. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6659-75. [PMID: 16834018 DOI: 10.1021/jp051715x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of Cl atoms with iodoethane has been studied via a combination of laser flash photolysis/resonance fluorescence (LFP-RF), environmental chamber/Fourier transform (FT)IR, and quantum chemical techniques. Above 330 K, the flash photolysis data indicate that the reaction proceeds predominantly via hydrogen abstraction. The following Arrhenius expressions (in units of cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1)) apply over the temperature range 334-434 K for reaction of Cl with CH3CH2I (k4(H)) and CD3CD2I (k4(D)): k4(H) = (6.53 +/- 3.40) x 10(-11) exp[-(428 +/- 206)/T] and k4(D) = (2.21 +/- 0.44) x 10(-11) exp[-(317 +/- 76)/T]. At room temperature and below, the reaction proceeds both via hydrogen abstraction and via reversible formation of an iodoethane/Cl adduct. Analysis of the LFP-RF data yields a binding enthalpy (0 K) for CD3CD2I x Cl of 57 +/- 10 kJ mol(-1). Calculations using density functional theory show that the adduct is characterized by a C-I-Cl bond angle of 84.5 degrees; theoretical binding enthalpies of 38.2 kJ/mol, G2'[ECP(S)], and 59.0 kJ mol(-1), B3LYP/ECP, are reasonably consistent with the experimentally derived result. Product studies conducted in the environmental chamber show that hydrogen abstraction from both the -CH2I and -CH3 groups occur to a significant extent and also provide evidence for a reaction of the CH3CH2I x Cl adduct with CH3CH2I, leading to CH3CH2Cl formation. Complementary environmental chamber studies of the reaction of Cl atoms with 2-iodopropane, CH3CHICH3, are also presented. As determined by relative rate methods, the reaction proceeds with an effective rate coefficient, k6, of (5.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K. Product studies indicate that this reaction also occurs via two abstraction channels (from the CH3 groups and from the -CHI- group) and via reversible adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Orlando
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Rajakumar B, Burkholder JB, Portmann RW, Ravishankara AR. Rate coefficients for the OH + CFH2CH2OH reaction between 238 and 355 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2498-505. [PMID: 15962035 DOI: 10.1039/b503332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH --> products (k1) between 238 and 355 K was measured using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique to be (5.15 +/- 0.88)x 10(-12) exp[-(330 +/- 45)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1); k1(298 K)= 1.70 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are 2sigma(95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. The present results are discussed in relation to the measured rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with other fluorinated alcohols and those calculated using recently reported structure additivity relationships for fluorinated compounds (K. Tokuhashi, H. Nagai, A. Takahashi, M. Kaise, S. Kondo, A. Sekiya, M. Takahashi, Y. Gotoh and A. Suga, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 2664-2672, ). Infrared absorption cross sections for CFH2CH2OH are reported and they are used to calculate the global warming potentials (GWP) for CFH2CH2OH of approximately 8, approximately 2, and approximately 1, respectively, for the 20, 100 and 500 year horizons. A brief discussion of the atmospheric degradation of CFH2CH2OH is provided. It is concluded that CFH2CH2OH is an acceptable substitute for CFCs in terms of its impact on Earth's climate and the composition of the atmosphere. The room temperature rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH --> products (k10) was measured to be 3.26 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), in good agreement with recent measurements from this laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rajakumar
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325, Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305-3328, USA.
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Rangel C, Navarrete M, Corchado J, Espinosa-Garcı́a J. Mechanism and kinetics of the n-propyl bromide and OH reaction using integrated ab initio methods and variational transition-state theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kozlov SN, Orkin VL, Huie RE, Kurylo MJ. OH Reactivity and UV Spectra of Propane, n-Propyl Bromide, and Isopropyl Bromide. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Kozlov
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Vladimir L. Orkin
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Robert E. Huie
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Michael J. Kurylo
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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