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Towards a comprehensive understanding of the Si(100)-2×1 surface termination through hydrogen passivation using methylamine and methanol: a theoretical approach. J Mol Model 2018; 24:286. [PMID: 30242491 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we explored the termination process of Si (100)-2 × 1 reconstructed surface mechanistically through the dehydrogenation of small molecules, considering methyl amine and methanol as terminating reagents. At first, both the terminating reagents form two types of adduct through adsorption on the Si (100)-2 × 1 surface, one in chemisorption mode and the other via physisorption, from which the dehydrogenation process is initiated. By analyzing the activation barriers, it was observed that termination of the Si-surface through the dehydrogenation is kinetically almost equally feasible using either reagent. We further examined in detail the mechanism for each termination process by analyzing geometrical parameters and natural population analysis charges. From bonding evaluation, it is evident that hydrogen abstraction from adsorbates on the Si-surface is asymmetric in nature, where one hydrogen is abstracted as hydride by the electrophilic surface Si and the other hydrogen is abstracted as proton by the neucleophilic surface Si. Moreover, it was also observed that hydride transfer from adsorbate to the Si-surface occurs first followed by proton transfer. Overall, our theoretical interpretation provides a mechanistic understanding of the Si (100)-2 × 1 reconstructed surface termination by amine and alcohol that will further motivate researchers to design different types of decorated semiconductor devices. Graphical Abstract Surface termination process of Si(100)-2×1 through formation of non-polar Si-H bonds via dehydrogenation of methylamine and methanol as terminating reagents.
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Pecher L, Laref S, Raupach M, Tonner R. Ether auf Si(001): Ein Paradebeispiel für die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Oberflächenwissenschaften und organischer Molekülchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pecher
- Fachbereich Chemie und WZMW; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Slimane Laref
- Fachbereich Chemie und WZMW; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabien
| | - Marc Raupach
- Fachbereich Chemie und WZMW; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie und WZMW; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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Pecher L, Laref S, Raupach M, Tonner R. Ethers on Si(001): A Prime Example for the Common Ground between Surface Science and Molecular Organic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15150-15154. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pecher
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Slimane Laref
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
- Current address: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE); Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc Raupach
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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Reutzel M, Lipponer M, Dürr M, Höfer U. Binding Energy and Dissociation Barrier: Experimental Determination of the Key Parameters of the Potential Energy Curve of Diethyl Ether on Si(001). J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3971-3975. [PMID: 26722901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The key parameters of the potential energy curve of organic molecules on semiconductor surfaces, binding energy of the intermediate state and dissociation barrier, were experimentally investigated for the model system of diethyl ether (Et2O) on Si(001). Et2O adsorbs via a datively bonded intermediate from which it converts via ether cleavage into a covalently attached final state. This thermally activated conversion into the final state was followed in real-time by means of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) at different temperatures and the associated energy barrier ϵa = 0.38 ± 0.05 eV and pre-exponential factor νa = 10(4±1) s(-1) were determined. From molecular beam experiments on the initial sticking probability, the difference between the desorption energy ϵd and ϵa was extracted and thus the binding energy of the intermediate state was determined (0.62 ± 0.08 eV). The results are discussed in terms of general chemical trends as well as with respect to a wider applicability on adsorbate reactions on semiconductor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Reutzel
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Lipponer
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dürr
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen , D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Höfer
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität , D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Lipponer M, Dürr M, Höfer U. Adsorption dynamics of tetrahydrofuran on Si(0 0 1) studied by means of molecular beam techniques. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cho J, Choi CH. Thermal decomposition mechanisms of methylamine, ethylamine, and 1-propylamine on Si(100)-2 × 1 surface. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:194701. [PMID: 21599076 DOI: 10.1063/1.3589362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal decomposition reactions of methylamine, ethylamine, and 1-propylamine absorbed on Si(100)-2 × 1 surface were theoretically investigated. Eight decomposition channels were found leading to desorption products of imine, H(2), alkyl cyanide, ammonia, aziridine, alkene, azetidine, and cyclopropane, which supports the experimental assignments. Our mechanistic studies strongly suggest that the alkyl cyanide (hydrogen cyanide in the case of methylamine) channel is coupled with the hydrogen desorption step. The β-hydrogen of ethylamine and 1-propylamine was found to undergo additional decomposition reactions producing aziridine and alkene, which were classified as γ- and β-eliminations, respectively. It was also found that the γ-hydrogen of 1-propylamine undergoes azetidine and cyclopropane producing decompositions, which were classified as δ- and γ-eliminations. In general, γ- and δ-hydrogen involved decomposition reactions are kinetically less favorable than β-hydrogen involved ones. Consequently, it is expected that the thermal decompositions of the primary alkyl amines with longer alkyl chains would not add additional favorable decomposition channels. Except alkyl cyanide and ammonia desorption channels, the decompositions occur in a concerted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea
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Yan S, Lee SJ, Kang S, Lee JY. Computational Approaches in Molecular Recognition, Self-assembly, Electron Transport, and Surface Chemistry. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701261547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Yan
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sang Joo Lee
- b Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics , 52, Eoeun-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Kang
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- a Department of Chemistry , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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Wang Y, Hwang GS. Origin of nonlocal interactions in adsorption of polar molecules on Si(001)-2 x 1. J Chem Phys 2006; 122:164706. [PMID: 15945698 DOI: 10.1063/1.1884596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory slab calculations, we have investigated (i) the origin of nonlocal interactions occurring in the adsorption of small polar molecules (H2O,NH3,CH3OH,CH3NH2) on the clean Si(001)-2 x 1 surface and (ii) the nonlocal effects on two-dimensional arrangement of adsorbates. Our results show the adsorption properties are significantly altered in the presence of adsorbates on an adjacent dimer along a row. We have identified that the coverage dependent behavior arises from a combination of (i) surface polarization change, (ii) adsorbate-induced charge delocalization, (iii) adsorbate-adsorbate repulsion, and (iv) hydrogen bonding. The nucleophilic-electrophilic molecular adsorption involves charge delocalization to neighboring dimers along a row, which in turn undermines molecular adsorption on the neighboring dimers. Nonlocal effects associated with polar interactions with neighboring dimers and adsorbates vary with adsorption system. While such polar interactions are unimportant in CH3OH adsorption, hydrogen bonding and adsorbate-adsorbate repulsion play an important role in determining the adsorption structures of H2O and NH3CH3NH2, respectively. In addition, the electrostatic attraction with the buckled-up Si atoms of adjacent dimers contributes to stabilization of H2O, NH3, and CH3NH2 adsorption. We also discuss kinetic effects on two-dimensional ordering of adsorbates, in conjunction with surface phase transition and adsorption-dissociation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Nunzi F, Sgamellotti A, Re N. Selective Functionalization of the Si(100) Surface by a Bifunctional Alkynylamine Molecule: Density Functional Study of the Switching Adsorption Linkage. 2. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7682-7. [PMID: 16610861 DOI: 10.1021/jp057018m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the bifunctional organic molecule 1-(dimethylamino)-2-propyne (DMAP) on the Si(100) surface has been investigated by density functional calculations employing a two-dimer cluster model. We found that, once in the physisorbed dative bonded well (-20.0 kcal mol(-1)), DMAP can proceed via a number of pathways, involving the formation of Si-C sigma bonds, which lead to thermodynamically more stable configurations. We first considered the cycloaddition of the CC triple bond, leading to a Si-C di-sigma bonded product (-58.7 kcal mol(-1)), for which we computed an energy barrier of only 12.5 kcal mol(-1), consistently with the observed switching of DMAP adsorption linkage at 300 K. We also explored the dissociative pathway involving the methylene C-H bond cleavage on the dative bonded DMAP, leading to three adsorption products with one (-57.3 kcal mol(-1)) and three Si-C sigma bonds (-58.7 and -60.6 kcal mol(-1)). The energy barrier for this pathway is computed 24.7 kcal mol(-1) and may therefore compete at temperature above 300 K with the reaction pathway involving the addition of the alkyne unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nunzi
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Kim A, Filler MA, Kim S, Bent SF. Ethylenediamine on Ge(100)-2 × 1: The Role of Interdimer Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:19817-22. [PMID: 16853562 DOI: 10.1021/jp054340o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the reaction of the bifunctional molecule ethylenediamine on Ge(100)-2 x 1 using multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Ethylenediamine exhibits different adsorption behavior than simple methylamines on the Ge(100)-2 x 1 surface. At low coverages, ethylenediamine undergoes dissociative chemisorption via an interdimer dual N-H dissociation reaction. As coverage increases, the N-H dissociation reaction is inhibited and formation of a Ge-N dative-bonded structure dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and School of Molecular Science (BK21), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Nunzi F, Sgamellotti A, Re N. Selective functionalization of the Si(100) surface by a bifunctional alkynilamine molecule: A density functional study of the switching adsorption linkage. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lozano J, Early D, Craig JH, Wang PW, Kimberlin KR. HREELS, TPD and ESD study of electron-induced decomposition of trimethylamine on Si(100) at 100 K. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Romero AH, Sbraccia C, Silvestrelli PL. Adsorption of 3-pyrroline on Si(100) from first principles. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9745-51. [PMID: 15267990 DOI: 10.1063/1.1710854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemisorption of 3-pyrroline (C(4)H(7)N) on Si(100) is studied from first principles. Three different structures can be realized for which, depending on the temperature, the chemisorption process is facile (for two of them it is essentially barrierless); among these configurations the most favored one, from a thermodynamical point of view, is a dissociated structure obtained through an exothermic reaction characterized by the formation of a N-Si bond and a H-Si bond in which the H atom is detached from the molecule. Several other chemisorption structures are possible which, however, require overcoming a significant energy barrier and often breaking multiple bonds. A number of reaction paths going from one stable structure to another have been investigated. We have also generated, for the two basic adsorption structures, theoretical scanning tunneling microscopy images which could facilitate the interpretation of experimental measurements, and we propose a possible reaction mechanism for nitrogen incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo H Romero
- Advanced Materials Department, IPICyT, Camino a la presa San José, 2055, CP 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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Davies BM, Craig JH. Electron-beam-induced decomposition of trimethylamine on Si(100)-2 × 1. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kadossov EB, Rajasekar P, Materer NF. Adsorption and Decomposition Pathways of Cyanogen Halides on Si(100)−(2×1). J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0306848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni B. Kadossov
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071
| | - P. Rajasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071
| | - Nicholas F. Materer
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-3071
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Zhang L, Carman AJ, Casey SM. Adsorption and Thermal Decomposition Chemistry of 1-Propanol and Other Primary Alcohols on the Si(100) Surface. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021942o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, MS 216, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - April J. Carman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, MS 216, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Sean M. Casey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, MS 216, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
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