1
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Kupiszewski P, Zanatta M, Mertes S, Vochezer P, Lloyd G, Schneider J, Schenk L, Schnaiter M, Baltensperger U, Weingartner E, Gysel M. Ice residual properties in mixed-phase clouds at the high-alpine Jungfraujoch site. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:12343-12362. [PMID: 28066694 PMCID: PMC5175215 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd024894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ice residual (IR) and total aerosol properties were measured in mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) at the high-alpine Jungfraujoch research station. Black carbon (BC) content and coating thickness of BC-containing particles were determined using single-particle soot photometers. The ice activated fraction (IAF), derived from a comparison of IR and total aerosol particle size distributions, showed an enrichment of large particles in the IR, with an increase in the IAF from values on the order of 10-4 to 10-3 for 100 nm (diameter) particles to 0.2 to 0.3 for 1 μm (diameter) particles. Nonetheless, due to the high number fraction of submicrometer particles with respect to total particle number, IR size distributions were still dominated by the submicrometer aerosol. A comparison of simultaneously measured number size distributions of BC-free and BC-containing IR and total aerosol particles showed depletion of BC by number in the IR, suggesting that BC does not play a significant role in ice nucleation in MPCs at the Jungfraujoch. The potential anthropogenic climate impact of BC via the glaciation effect in MPCs is therefore likely to be negligible at this site and in environments with similar meteorological conditions and a similar aerosol population. The IAF of the BC-containing particles also increased with total particle size, in a similar manner as for the BC-free particles, but on a level 1 order of magnitude lower. Furthermore, BC-containing IR were found to have a thicker coating than the BC-containing total aerosol, suggesting the importance of atmospheric aging for ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kupiszewski
- Laboratory of Atmospheric ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Now at Department of MeteorologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Marco Zanatta
- Laboratory of Atmospheric ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'EnvironnementUniversité Grenoble Alpes/CNRSGrenobleFrance
- Now at Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Stephan Mertes
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Paul Vochezer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Gary Lloyd
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, SEAESUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Particle Chemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for ChemistryMainzGermany
| | - Ludwig Schenk
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric ResearchLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Schnaiter
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Ernest Weingartner
- Laboratory of Atmospheric ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Now at Institute for Aerosol and Sensor TechnologyUniversity of Applied SciencesWindischSwitzerland
| | - Martin Gysel
- Laboratory of Atmospheric ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
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2
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Zhang QN, Zhang Y, Cai C, Guo YC, Reid JP, Zhang YH. In Situ Observation on the Dynamic Process of Evaporation and Crystallization of Sodium Nitrate Droplets on a ZnSe Substrate by FTIR-ATR. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2728-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Nuan Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen Cai
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Cong Guo
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS81TS, U.K
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of
Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Murray BJ, O'Sullivan D, Atkinson JD, Webb ME. Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6519-54. [PMID: 22932664 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ice particles in the Earth's atmosphere strongly affects the properties of clouds and their impact on climate. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining the properties of clouds, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) was unable to assess the impact of atmospheric ice formation in their most recent report because our basic knowledge is insufficient. Part of the problem is the paucity of quantitative information on the ability of various atmospheric aerosol species to initiate ice formation. Here we review and assess the existing quantitative knowledge of ice nucleation by particles immersed within supercooled water droplets. We introduce aerosol species which have been identified in the past as potentially important ice nuclei and address their ice-nucleating ability when immersed in a supercooled droplet. We focus on mineral dusts, biological species (pollen, bacteria, fungal spores and plankton), carbonaceous combustion products and volcanic ash. In order to make a quantitative comparison we first introduce several ways of describing ice nucleation and then summarise the existing information according to the time-independent (singular) approximation. Using this approximation in combination with typical atmospheric loadings, we estimate the importance of ice nucleation by different aerosol types. According to these estimates we find that ice nucleation below about -15 °C is dominated by soot and mineral dusts. Above this temperature the only materials known to nucleate ice are biological, with quantitative data for other materials absent from the literature. We conclude with a summary of the challenges our community faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Yang Z, Bertram AK, Chou KC. Why Do Sulfuric Acid Coatings Influence the Ice Nucleation Properties of Mineral Dust Particles in the Atmosphere? J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:1232-1236. [PMID: 26295415 DOI: 10.1021/jz2003342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory studies with supermicrometer particles have shown that mineral particles coated with sulfuric acid are relatively poor ice nuclei. We investigated this phenomenon, which is of atmospheric relevance, by probing the structure of water at the mineral-aqueous acid interface as a function of the sulfuric acid concentration using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. We found that ordered water structures at water/mica interfaces drastically diminished at molarities of sulfuric acid equal to 0.5 M and totally disappeared when the molarities reached 5 M. The decrease in ordered water structures at the interface was caused by a combined effect of the decreased mica surface potential at low pH, the adsorption of sulfates on mica, and the lack of free water molecules in high concentrations of acidic solution. The good ice nucleation ability above liquid water saturation is correlated with the presence of structured water, suggesting that structured water at the interface may be needed for efficient heterogeneous ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Keng C Chou
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Lee D, Pitari G, Grewe V, Gierens K, Penner J, Petzold A, Prather M, Schumann U, Bais A, Berntsen T, Iachetti D, Lim L, Sausen R. Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Aviation. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2010; 44:4678-4734. [PMID: 32288556 PMCID: PMC7110594 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aviation alters the composition of the atmosphere globally and can thus drive climate change and ozone depletion. The last major international assessment of these impacts was made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1999. Here, a comprehensive updated assessment of aviation is provided. Scientific advances since the 1999 assessment have reduced key uncertainties, sharpening the quantitative evaluation, yet the basic conclusions remain the same. The climate impact of aviation is driven by long-term impacts from CO2 emissions and shorter-term impacts from non-CO2 emissions and effects, which include the emissions of water vapour, particles and nitrogen oxides (NO x ). The present-day radiative forcing from aviation (2005) is estimated to be 55 mW m-2 (excluding cirrus cloud enhancement), which represents some 3.5% (range 1.3-10%, 90% likelihood range) of current anthropogenic forcing, or 78 mW m-2 including cirrus cloud enhancement, representing 4.9% of current forcing (range 2-14%, 90% likelihood range). According to two SRES-compatible scenarios, future forcings may increase by factors of 3-4 over 2000 levels, in 2050. The effects of aviation emissions of CO2 on global mean surface temperature last for many hundreds of years (in common with other sources), whilst its non-CO2 effects on temperature last for decades. Much progress has been made in the last ten years on characterizing emissions, although major uncertainties remain over the nature of particles. Emissions of NO x result in production of ozone, a climate warming gas, and the reduction of ambient methane (a cooling effect) although the overall balance is warming, based upon current understanding. These NO x emissions from current subsonic aviation do not appear to deplete stratospheric ozone. Despite the progress made on modelling aviation's impacts on tropospheric chemistry, there remains a significant spread in model results. The knowledge of aviation's impacts on cloudiness has also improved: a limited number of studies have demonstrated an increase in cirrus cloud attributable to aviation although the magnitude varies: however, these trend analyses may be impacted by satellite artefacts. The effect of aviation particles on clouds (with and without contrails) may give rise to either a positive forcing or a negative forcing: the modelling and the underlying processes are highly uncertain, although the overall effect of contrails and enhanced cloudiness is considered to be a positive forcing and could be substantial, compared with other effects. The debate over quantification of aviation impacts has also progressed towards studying potential mitigation and the technological and atmospheric tradeoffs. Current studies are still relatively immature and more work is required to determine optimal technological development paths, which is an aspect that atmospheric science has much to contribute. In terms of alternative fuels, liquid hydrogen represents a possibility and may reduce some of aviation's impacts on climate if the fuel is produced in a carbon-neutral way: such fuel is unlikely to be utilized until a 'hydrogen economy' develops. The introduction of biofuels as a means of reducing CO2 impacts represents a future possibility. However, even over and above land-use concerns and greenhouse gas budget issues, aviation fuels require strict adherence to safety standards and thus require extra processing compared with biofuels destined for other sectors, where the uptake of such fuel may be more beneficial in the first instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.S. Lee
- Dalton Research Institute, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 161 247 3663.
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of L'Aquila, Vio Vetoio Località Coppito, 67100 l'Aquila, Italy
| | - V. Grewe
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - K. Gierens
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - J.E. Penner
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
| | - A. Petzold
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - M.J. Prather
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3329 Croull Hall, CA 92697-3100, USA
| | - U. Schumann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - A. Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T. Berntsen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1022 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Iachetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of L'Aquila, Vio Vetoio Località Coppito, 67100 l'Aquila, Italy
| | - L.L. Lim
- Dalton Research Institute, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - R. Sausen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
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6
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Chernoff DI, Bertram AK. Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Croteau T, Bertram AK, Patey GN. Observations of High-Density Ferroelectric Ordered Water in Kaolinite Trenches using Monte Carlo Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/jp104643p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Croteau
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A. K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G. N. Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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8
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Lüönd F, Stetzer O, Welti A, Lohmann U. Experimental study on the ice nucleation ability of size-selected kaolinite particles in the immersion mode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Croteau T, Bertram AK, Patey GN. Water Adsorption on Kaolinite Surfaces Containing Trenches. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2171-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910045u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Croteau
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - A. K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - G. N. Patey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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10
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Kanji ZA, Abbatt JPD. Ice Nucleation onto Arizona Test Dust at Cirrus Temperatures: Effect of Temperature and Aerosol Size on Onset Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:935-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908661m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. A. Kanji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6
| | - J. P. D. Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6
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11
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Fornea AP, Brooks SD, Dooley JB, Saha A. Heterogeneous freezing of ice on atmospheric aerosols containing ash, soot, and soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Eastwood ML, Cremel S, Gehrke C, Girard E, Bertram AK. Ice nucleation on mineral dust particles: Onset conditions, nucleation rates and contact angles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Djikaev YS, Ruckenstein E. Thermodynamics of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in contact and immersion modes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11677-87. [PMID: 18925734 DOI: 10.1021/jp803155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing problems of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in droplets is its strong enhancement in the contact mode (when the foreign particle is presumably in some kind of contact with the droplet surface) compared to the immersion mode (particle immersed in the droplet). Heterogeneous centers can have different nucleation thresholds when they act in contact or immersion modes. The underlying physical reasons for this enhancement have remained largely unclear. In this paper we present a model for the thermodynamic enhancement of heterogeneous crystal nucleation in the contact mode compared to the immersion one. To determine if and how the surface of a liquid droplet can thermodynamically stimulate its heterogeneous crystallization, we examine crystal nucleation in the immersion and contact modes by deriving and comparing with each other the reversible works of formation of crystal nuclei in these cases. The line tension of a three-phase contact gives rise to additional terms in the formation free energy of a crystal cluster and affects its Wulff (equilibrium) shape. As an illustration, the proposed model is applied to the heterogeneous nucleation of hexagonal ice crystals on generic macroscopic foreign particles in water droplets at T = 253 K. Our results show that the droplet surface does thermodynamically favor the contact mode over the immersion one. Surprisingly, the numerical evaluations suggest that the line tension contribution (from the contact of three water phases (vapor-liquid-crystal)) to this enhancement may be of the same order of magnitude as or even larger than the surface tension contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Djikaev
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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14
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Hatch CD, Grassian VH. 10th Anniversary review: applications of analytical techniques in laboratory studies of the chemical and climatic impacts of mineral dust aerosol in the Earth's atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:919-34. [PMID: 18688461 DOI: 10.1039/b805153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that mineral dust particles can impact a number of global processes including the Earth's climate through direct and indirect climate forcing, the chemical composition of the atmosphere through heterogeneous reactions, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans through dust deposition. Thus, mineral dust aerosol links land, air, and oceans in unique ways unlike any other type of atmospheric aerosol. Quantitative knowledge of how mineral dust aerosol impacts the Earth's climate, the chemical balance of the atmosphere, and the biogeochemistry of the oceans will provide a better understanding of these links and connections and the overall impact on the Earth system. Advances in the applications of analytical laboratory techniques have been critical for providing valuable information regarding these global processes. In this mini review article, we discuss examples of current and emerging techniques used in laboratory studies of mineral dust chemistry and climate and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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15
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Zhao LJ, Wang F, Zhang K, Zeng QX, Zhang YH. Deliquescence and Efflorescence Processes of Aerosol Particles Studied byin situFTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/21/01/1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Hatch CD, Gough RV, Toon OB, Tolbert MA. Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitric Acid Trihydrate on Clay Minerals: Relevance to Type Ia Polar Stratospheric Clouds. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:612-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075828n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D. Hatch
- CIRES and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, and LASP and PAOS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Raina V. Gough
- CIRES and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, and LASP and PAOS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Owen B. Toon
- CIRES and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, and LASP and PAOS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Margaret A. Tolbert
- CIRES and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, and LASP and PAOS, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
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17
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Prenni AJ, DeMott PJ, Twohy C, Poellot MR, Kreidenweis SM, Rogers DC, Brooks SD, Richardson MS, Heymsfield AJ. Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Prenni
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Paul J. DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Cynthia Twohy
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Michael R. Poellot
- Department of Atmospheric Science; University of North Dakota; Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Sonia M. Kreidenweis
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - David C. Rogers
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sarah D. Brooks
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Mathews S. Richardson
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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18
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Pant A, Parsons MT, Bertram AK. Crystallization of Aqueous Ammonium Sulfate Particles Internally Mixed with Soot and Kaolinite: Crystallization Relative Humidities and Nucleation Rates. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8701-9. [PMID: 16836431 DOI: 10.1021/jp060985s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using optical microscopy, we investigated the crystallization of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets containing soot and kaolinite, as well as the crystallization of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets free of solid material. Our results show that soot did not influence the crystallization RH of aqueous ammonium sulfate particles under our experimental conditions. In contrast, kaolinite increased the crystallization RH of the aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets by approximately 10%. In addition, our results show that the crystallization RH of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets free of solid material does not depend strongly on particle size. This is consistent with conclusions made previously in the literature, based on comparisons of results from different laboratories. From the crystallization results we determined the homogeneous nucleation rates of crystalline ammonium sulfate in aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets and the heterogeneous nucleation rates of crystalline ammonium sulfate in aqueous ammonium sulfate particles containing kaolinite. Using classical nucleation theory and our experimental data, we determined that the interfacial tension between an ammonium sulfate critical nucleus and an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution is 0.064 +/- 0.003 J m(-2) (in agreement with our previous measurements), and the contact angle between an ammonium sulfate critical nucleus and a kaolinite surface is 59 +/- 2 degrees. On the basis of our results, we argue that soot will not influence the crystallization RH of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets in the atmosphere, but kaolinite can significantly modify the crystallization RH of atmospheric ammonium sulfate droplets. As an example, the CRH50 (the relative humidity at which 50% of the droplets crystallize) ranges from about 41 to 51% RH when the diameter of the kaolinite inclusion ranges from 0.1 to 5 microm. For comparison, the CRH50 of aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets (0.5 microm diameter) free of solid material is approximately 34.3% RH under atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pant
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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19
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Khvorostyanov VI, Morrison H, Curry JA, Baumgardner D, Lawson P. High supersaturation and modes of ice nucleation in thin tropopause cirrus: Simulation of the 13 July 2002 Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers case. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Knopf DA, Koop T. Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on surrogates of mineral dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Shilling JE, Fortin TJ, Tolbert MA. Depositional ice nucleation on crystalline organic and inorganic solids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Kanji ZA, Abbatt JPD. Laboratory studies of ice formation via deposition mode nucleation onto mineral dust and n-hexane soot samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Jun YS, Kendall TA, Martin ST, Friend CM, Vlassak JJ. Heteroepitaxial nucleation and oriented growth of manganese oxide islands on carbonate minerals under aqueous conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:1239-1249. [PMID: 15787362 DOI: 10.1021/es049200r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manganese redox cycling and the accompanying dissolution and precipitation reactions are important processes in natural waters. In the present study, Mn2+ (aq) is reacted with O2(aq) at circumneutral pH to form manganese oxide islands on the (1014) surface of MnCO3. The islands grow heteroepitaxially. The effects of the substrate surface morphology, the substrate atomic structure, and the aqueous concentration of Mn2+ are investigated. On terraces, rhombohedral oxide islands form with 90 degrees rotation relative to the crystallographic axis of the underlying carbonate substrate. Although the island heights self-limit between 2 and 3 nm depending on reaction conditions, the islands grow laterally to several square microns before separate islands collide and coalesce. The islands do not grow over substrate steps or down dissolution-pit edges. Comparison studies done with MgCO3 and CaCO3 show that the former also promotes heteroepitaxial growth whereas the latter does not. This difference is explained by the relative bond length mismatch between the structures of the carbonate substrates and the atomic structures of manganese oxides. A free energy model is also presented to explain why the heights of the manganese oxide islands self-limit. Our results provide an improved basis both for the development of predictive models of contaminant fate and transport and for the modeling of hydraulic flow through carbonate aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shin Jun
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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24
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Möhler O. Effect of sulfuric acid coating on heterogeneous ice nucleation by soot aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Seisel S, Pashkova A, Lian Y, Zellner R. Water uptake on mineral dust and soot: A fundamental view of the hydrophilicity of atmospheric particles? Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:437-51; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161797 DOI: 10.1039/b417449f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of water vapour with mineral dust and soot surfaces has been studied in the temperature range 203 K < T < 298 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. For the uptake of water on mineral dust an initial uptake coefficient of gamma(ini) = (6.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) independent of temperature has been determined. In contrast the desorption rate has been found to be strongly temperature dependent with desorption rate constants decreasing from 1 x 10(-3) at 265 K to 1 x 10(-4) at 223 K. In addition, relatively high surface coverages have been determined from which an adsorption enthalpy of -40 kJ mol(-1) is inferred. For the uptake of water on soot the initial uptake coefficient has been found to be independent of temperature with a value of gamma(ini) = (4.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2), similar to the case of mineral dust. However, the corresponding desorption rate constants have been found to be three orders of magnitude larger than for mineral dust. Consistent with this finding, low surface coverages with an adsorption enthalpy of -27 kJ mol(-1) have been derived. A comparison of the uptake kinetics and adsorption enthalpies of water on mineral dust and soot leads to the conclusion that water is much stronger interacting with mineral dust than with soot. In terms of a hydrophilicity concept the results suggest, that mineral dust may be regarded as hydrophilic whereas soot is hydrophobic and that fundamental kinetic and thermochemical quantities may be related to that concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Seisel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-45141, Essen, Germany.
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Perry KD, Cliff SS, Jimenez-Cruz MP. Evidence for hygroscopic mineral dust particles from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Perry
- Department of Meteorology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Steven S. Cliff
- Department of Applied Sciences; University of California; Davis California USA
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Schlenker JC, Malinowski A, Martin ST, Hung HM, Rudich Y. Crystals Formed at 293 K by Aqueous Sulfate−Nitrate−Ammonium−Proton Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047836z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. Schlenker
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam Malinowski
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Scot T. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Hui-Ming Hung
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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28
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Cziczo DJ, Murphy DM, Hudson PK, Thomson DS. Single particle measurements of the chemical composition of cirrus ice residue during CRYSTAL-FACE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Cziczo
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. M. Murphy
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. K. Hudson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. S. Thomson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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29
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Frinak EK, Wermeille SJ, Mashburn CD, Tolbert MA, Pursell CJ. Heterogeneous Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Acid on γ-Phase Iron(III) Oxide. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030807o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Frinak
- CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Sandra J. Wermeille
- CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Courtney D. Mashburn
- CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Margaret A. Tolbert
- CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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30
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Seisel S, Lian Y, Keil T, Trukhin ME, Zellner R. Kinetics of the interaction of water vapour with mineral dust and soot surfaces at T = 298 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b314568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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DeMott PJ, Cziczo DJ, Prenni AJ, Murphy DM, Kreidenweis SM, Thomson DS, Borys R, Rogers DC. Measurements of the concentration and composition of nuclei for cirrus formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:14655-60. [PMID: 14657330 PMCID: PMC299754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2532677100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the need for new data on indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles on atmospheric ice clouds. Simultaneous measurements of the concentration and composition of tropospheric aerosol particles capable of initiating ice in cold (cirrus) clouds are reported. Measurements support that cirrus formation occurs both by heterogeneous nucleation by insoluble particles and homogeneous (spontaneous) freezing of particles containing solutions. Heterogeneous ice nuclei concentrations in the cirrus regime depend on temperature, relative humidity, and the concentrations and physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles. The cirrus-active concentrations of heterogeneous nuclei measured in November over the western U.S. were <0.03 cm-3. Considering previous modeling studies, this result suggests a predominant potential impact of these nuclei on cirrus formed by slow, large-scale lifting or small cooling rates, including subvisual cirrus. The most common heterogeneous ice nuclei were identified as relatively pure mineral dusts and metallic particles, some of which may have origin through anthropogenic processes. Homogeneous freezing of large numbers of particles was detected above a critical relative humidity along with a simultaneous transition in nuclei composition toward that of the sulfate-dominated total aerosol population. The temperature and humidity conditions of the homogeneous nucleation transition were reasonably consistent with expectations based on previous theoretical and laboratory studies but were highly variable. The strong presence of certain organic pollutants was particularly noted to be associated with impedance of homogeneous freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Usher
- Department of Chemistry, and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. USA
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Kärcher B. A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Heterogeneous freezing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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