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Wang L, Cheng Q, Qin H, Li Z, Lou Z, Lu J, Zhang J, Zhou Q. Synthesis of silicon carbide nanocrystals from waste polytetrafluoroethylene. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2756-2759. [PMID: 28181605 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resource utilization of waste plastic could solve the problem of environmental pollution and simultaneously relieve energy shortages, achieving sustainable development. In this study, the conversion of waste polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to cubic silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles has been described. The structures and morphologies of the obtained SiC were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the FTIR spectrum of the obtained SiC sample suggests that the waste PTFE was completely converted into SiC in our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Qinglin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Hengfei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengsong Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, P. R. China
| | - Quanfa Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precious Metals Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, P. R. China.
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Caflin KC, Anderson PE. In-situ Remediation of Hydrogen Fluoride During a Detonation Event. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Carotenuto G, de Nicola S, Camerlingo C, Peluso A, Nicolais L. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by defluorination of PTFE with silicon. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Song R, Ji Q. Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Polypropylene in the Presence of Ni/Mo/MgO Catalysts via Combustion. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mis-Fernández R, Rios-Soberanis CR, Arenas-Alatorre J, Azamar-Barrios JA. Synthesis of carbon nanostructures from residual solids waste tires. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Song LX, Wang M, Pan SZ, Yang J, Chen J, Yang J. Molybdenum oxide nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and application in heterogeneous catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen X, Wang H, He J. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanospheres with controlled morphology using different catalyst precursors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:325607. [PMID: 21828820 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/32/325607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanospheres have been selectively synthesized in a polypropylene matrix by simply altering the catalyst precursor. When a mixture of ferrocene and cobalt (II) acetate was added to the polypropylene, well-dispersed carbon nanotubes were produced. When only cobalt (II) acetate was added, however, carbon nanospheres were obtained. In a third case, when the added catalyst precursor was ferrocene, no graphitic carbon was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Chen
- Functional Nanomaterials Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Molecular Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun Beiyitiao 2, Haidianqu, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
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Kong Q, Zhang J. Synthesis of straight and helical carbon nanotubes from catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koch EC, Clément D. Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: VI. Silicon – An Old Fuel with New Perspectives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.200700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cudziło S, Szala M, Huczko A, Bystrzejewski M. Combustion Reactions of Poly(Carbon Monofluoride), (CF)n, with Different Reductants and Characterization of the Products. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.200700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen X, He J, Yan C, Tang H. Novel In Situ Fabrication of Chestnut-Like Carbon Nanotube Spheres from Polypropylene and Nickel Formate. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:21684-9. [PMID: 17064126 DOI: 10.1021/jp064682+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel in situ approach to mass fabrication of carbon nanotubes was reported. Composites of polypropylene (PP)/organomontmorillonite (OMMT)/nickel formate (NF) were prepared by mixing these components in a Brabender mixer at an elevated temperature. Chestnut-like carbon nanotube (CNT) spheres were in situ fabricated in high yields by heating the PP/OMMT/NF composites at 900 degrees C without adding any additional pre-synthesized nickel nanocatalysts. The products were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The results showed that nickel nanoparticles were in situ produced, which catalyzed the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in an autoclave-like microreactor formed by OMMT. These in situ formed nickel nanoparticles were found to be more catalytically active than pre-synthesized nickel nanocatalysts, resulting in higher yields of CNTs. The obtained CNT spheres have a high surface area, which makes them a good catalyst support. Loading of metal nanoparticles was preliminarily tried, and Pt nanoparticles of ca. 2.65 nm in size were successfully deposited on CNTs. The applications of these nanocatalysts in chemical reactions are currently being studied in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Chen
- Functional Nanomaterials Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Zhongguancun Beiyitiao 2, Haidianqu, Beijing 100080, China
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Tang T, Chen X, Meng X, Chen H, Ding Y. Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by catalytic combustion of polypropylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1517-20. [PMID: 15678431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
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Alexandrou I, Wang H, Sano N, Amaratunga GAJ. Structure of carbon onions and nanotubes formed by arc in liquids. J Chem Phys 2006; 120:1055-8. [PMID: 15267942 DOI: 10.1063/1.1629274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since carbon nanotubes and onions were discovered, many methods have been proposed for their production. For applications the main requirements are low capital cost, high purity of the produced material, simplicity of technique, and its potential for scale up. Recently a cathodic arc between two graphitic electrodes immersed in liquids has been demonstrated to be a simple method to produce carbon nanoparticles such as nanotubes and onions. In this paper high-resolution transmission electron microscopy is employed to examine the shape of the nanoparticles and the purity of the final material produced under various conditions. In this study we have used an arc discharge in two different liquids--liquid nitrogen and distilled water--and we have changed the grade of the carbon electrodes. The variety in structure, shape, and size of the produced particles is discussed in line with a model proposed to describe the physical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alexandrou
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom.
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Huczko A, Bystrzejewski M, Lange H, Fabianowska A, Cudziło S, Panas A, Szala M. Combustion Synthesis as a Novel Method for Production of 1-D SiC Nanostructures. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16244-51. [PMID: 16853065 DOI: 10.1021/jp050837m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1-D nanostructures of cubic phase silicon carbide (beta-SiC) were efficiently produced by combustion synthesis of mixtures containing Si-containing compounds and halocarbons in a calorimetric bomb. The influence of the operating parameters on 1-D SiC formation yield was studied. The heat release, the heating rate, and the chamber pressure increase were monitored during the process. The composition and structural features of the products were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis/ thermogravimetric technique, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. This self-induced growth process can produce SiC nanofibers and nanotubes ca. 20-100 nm in diameter with the aspect ratio higher than 1000. Bulk scale Raman studies showed the product to be comprised of mostly cubic polytype of SiC and that finite size effects are present. We believe that the nucleation mechanism involving radical gaseous species is responsible for 1-D nanostructures growth. The present study has enlarged the family of nanofibers and nanotubes available and offers a possible, new general route to 1-D crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Huczko
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteur 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Huczko A, Lange H, Bystrzejewski M, R?mmeli MH, Gemming T, Cudzi?o S. Studies on spontaneous formation of 1D nanocrystals of silicon carbide. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200410347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tang T, Chen X, Meng X, Chen H, Ding Y. Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Catalytic Combustion of Polypropylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koch EC. Acid-Base Interactions in Energetic Materials: I. The Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Principle-Insights to Reactivity and Sensitivity of Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.200400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zou G, Yu D, Jiang C, Xi G, Qian Y, Zhang H. A Mild Reduction Route to PTFE Degradation at Low Temperature. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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