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Chemical Composition and Rheological Properties of Seed Mucilages of Various Yellow- and Brown-Seeded Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivars. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102040. [PMID: 35631922 PMCID: PMC9145172 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
When seeds sown in the soil become wet, their hulls secrete viscous matter that can retain water and thus support germination. Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) is an example of such a material and is attractive for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications due to its suitable rheological properties. FSM consists mainly of two polysaccharides, namely, arabinoxylan and rhamnogalacturonan I, and it also contains some proteins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. The genotype and the year of the flax harvest can significantly affect the composition and functional properties of FSM. In this work, FSM samples were isolated from flax seeds of different cultivars and harvest years, and their structural and rheological properties were compared using statistical methods. The samples showed significant variability in composition and rheological properties depending on the cultivar and storage time. It was found that the ratio of two polysaccharide fractions and the contribution of less-prevalent proteins are important factors determining the rheological parameters of FSM, characterizing the shear-thinning, thixotropic, and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of this material in aqueous solutions. The yield strength and the hysteresis loop were found to be associated with the contribution of the pectin fraction, which included homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I. In contrast, the shear-thinning and especially the dynamic viscoelastic properties depended on the arabinoxylan content. Proteins also affected the viscoelastic properties and maintained the elastic component of FSM in the solution. The above structural and rheological characteristics should be taken into account when considering effective applications for this material.
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2
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Ang CL, Tha Goh KK, Lim K, Matia-Merino L. Rheological characterization of a physically-modified waxy potato starch: Investigation of its shear-thickening mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Wang CS, Virgilio N, Carreau PJ, Heuzey MC. Understanding the Effect of Conformational Rigidity on Rheological Behavior and Formation of Polysaccharide-Based Hybrid Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4016-4026. [PMID: 34510906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The importance of conformational rigidity on macroscopic rheological properties was revealed using two model polysaccharides, namely, xanthan gum and hyaluronic acid. Xanthan gum has a rigid tertiary conformation due to its ordered double-helical structure, and the interactions between the tertiary structures result in the formation of a network/quaternary structure. In comparison, hyaluronic acid possesses a relatively flexible tertiary conformation due to its secondary random coil structure. Xanthan gum exhibits a much stronger shear thinning and more solidlike behavior compared to hyaluronic acid, owing to its network/quaternary structure. The rigid tertiary structure and the presence of a network/quaternary structure also endow xanthan gum with better resistance against environmental changes (e.g., salt and/or urea addition, temperature change) compared to hyaluronic acid. The network/quaternary structure allows xanthan gum to form gels with chitosan via electrostatic interactions when using the vapor-induced gelation technique, which is not possible for hyaluronic acid due to its flexible tertiary conformation under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Pierre J Carreau
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Heuzey
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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4
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Stolz J, Oguzlu H, Khalili Z, Boluk Y. Exploring the gelation of aqueous cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) mixtures. RHEOLOGICA ACTA 2021; 60:483-495. [PMID: 34720210 PMCID: PMC8550106 DOI: 10.1007/s00397-021-01285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the gelation and microstructure of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in nonionic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) solutions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with a particle length of 90 nm and width of 8 nm currently produced by acid hydrolysis of wood pulp were used in this study. The microstructures of CNCs/polymer suspensions were investigated by performing linear small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) and nonlinear large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), in addition to constructing CNCs phase diagrams and measuring steady-state shear viscosities. Significant viscosity increases at low shear rates coupled with high shear thinning behaviors were observed in CNCs in HEC solutions above the overlapping concentration of HEC. The physical strength of CNCs/HEC solution gels increased with the increase in CNCs concentration and resembled the weakly crosslinked gels according to the scaling of linear dynamic mechanical experiments. According to LAOS analysis, CNCs/HEC mixtures showed type III behavior with intercycle stress softening, while the samples showed stress stiffening in single cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stolz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
- Present Address: Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Zahra Khalili
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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5
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Synytsya A, Poučková P, Zadinová M, Troshchynska Y, Štětina J, Synytsya A, Saloň I, Král V. Hydrogels based on low-methoxyl amidated citrus pectin and flaxseed gum formulated with tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine improve the healing of experimental cutting wounds in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3156-3168. [PMID: 33031852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural and modified polysaccharides represent growing group of suitable matrices for the construction of effective wound healing materials. Bioactive tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine and amino acid α-l-arginine are known to accelerate wound healing and skin repair. In this study, hydrogels based on low-methoxyl amidated citrus pectin or flaxseed gum were prepared and used for the transport of these healing agents to the experimental cutting wounds affected by extensive skin damage. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, swelling and release tests confirmed that these hydrogels differed in structure and physical properties. The cationic tripeptide was found to bind to carboxylic groups in LMA pectin, and the C3OH hydroxyl and ring oxygen O5 are involved in this interaction. The pectin hydrogel showed high viscosity and strong elastic properties, while the flaxseed gum hydrogel was characterised as a viscoelastic system of much lower viscosity. The former hydrogel released the drugs very slowly, while the latter hydrogel demonstrated zero order releasing kinetics optimal for drug delivery. In the in vivo wound healing testing on rats, both polysaccharide hydrogels improved the healing process mediated by the mentioned biomolecules. The tripeptide applied in the hydrogels showed significantly higher healing degree and lower healing time than in the control animals without treatment and when it was applied in an aqueous solution. Despite the absence of a synergistic effect, the mixture of the tripeptide and α-l-arginine in the hydrogels was also quite effective in wound healing. According to histological analysis, complete healing was achieved only when using the tripeptide in the flaxseed gum hydrogel. These observations might have an important prospect in clinical application of polysaccharide hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Synytsya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zadinová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yana Troshchynska
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Štětina
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Saloň
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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6
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Zhou Y, Wu L, Tian Y, Li R, Zhu C, Zhao G, Cheng Y. A novel low-alkali konjac gel induced by ethanol to modulate sodium release. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Ahn S, Halake K, Lee J. Antioxidant and ion-induced gelation functions of pectins enabled by polyphenol conjugation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:776-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Grein-Iankovski A, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Simas-Tosin FF, Narayanan S, Leheny RL, Sandy AR. Exploring the relationship between nanoscale dynamics and macroscopic rheology in natural polymer gums. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9321-9329. [PMID: 27805235 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a study connecting the nanoscale and macroscale structure and dynamics of Acacia mearnsii gum as probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and rheology. Acacia gum, in general, is a complex polysaccharide used extensively in industry. Over the analyzed concentration range (15 to 30 wt%) the A. mearnsii gum is found to have a gel-like linear rheology and to exhibit shear thinning flow behavior under steady shear. The gum solutions exhibited a steadily increasing elastic modulus with increasing time after they were prepared and also the emergence of shear thickening events within the shear thinning behavior, characteristic of associative polymers. XPCS measurements using gold nanoparticles as tracers were used to explore the microscopic dynamics within the biopolymer gels and revealed a two-step relaxation process with a partial decay at inaccessibly short times, suggesting caged motion of the nanoparticles, followed by a slow decay at later delay times. Non-diffusive motion evidenced by a compressed exponential line shape and an inverse relationship between relaxation time and wave vector characterizes the slow dynamics of A. mearnsii gum gels. Surprisingly, we have determined that the nanometer-scale mean square displacement of the nanoparticles showed a close relationship to the values predicted from the macroscopic elastic properties of the material, obtained through the rheology experiments. Our results demonstrate the potential applicability of the XPCS technique in the natural polymers field to connect their macroscale properties with their nanoscale structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Grein-Iankovski
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA. and Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izabel C Riegel-Vidotti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Simas-Tosin
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Macromoléculas e Interfaces, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil and Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Robert L Leheny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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Shangguan Y, Liu M, Luo G, Zheng Q. Shear induced self-thickening of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin compound solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Wee MS, Matia-Merino L, Goh KK. The cation-controlled and hydrogen bond-mediated shear-thickening behaviour of a tree-fern isolated polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Ventura I, Bianco-Peled H. Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin–chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Electrolyte effect on gelation behavior of oppositely charged nanocrystalline cellulose and polyelectrolyte. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Lu A, Wang Y, Boluk Y. Investigation of the scaling law on gelation of oppositely charged nanocrystalline cellulose and polyelectrolyte. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:214-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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MICROSTRUCTURE AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF FERROCENE-MODIFIED BRANCHED POLY(ETHYLENE IMINE) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Characterisation of commercial LM-pectin in aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Shi X, Lu A, Cai J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Li J, Wang X. Rheological Behaviors and Miscibility of Mixture Solution of Polyaniline and Cellulose Dissolved in an Aqueous System. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2370-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3006243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, China
| | - Ang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Key Lab of Polymer
Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, China
| | - Ji Li
- Key Lab of Polymer
Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Lab of Polymer
Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, China
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17
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Bayod E, Tornberg E. Microstructure of highly concentrated tomato suspensions on homogenisation and subsequent shearing. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Qiu X, Yang Y, Wang L, Lu S, Shao Z, Chen X. Synergistic interactions during thermosensitive chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogel formation. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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VITHANAGE CHANDRAR, GRIMSON MALCOLMJ, WILLS PETERR, HARRISON PAUL, SMITH BRONWENG. RHEOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-METHOXYL ESTERIFIED, LOW-METHOXYL ESTERIFIED AND LOW-METHOXYL AMIDATED PECTIN GELS. J Texture Stud 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2010.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Characterization of polyelectrolyte features in polysaccharide systems and mucin. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 158:108-18. [PMID: 19482258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review elucidates several aspects on the behavior of charged polysaccharides and mucin. Viscosification of dilute aqueous solutions of hyaluronan (HA) occurs in the course of time at low shear flow, whereas shear thinning as time evolves is found at moderate shear rates. Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction play an important role for the emergence of these features. No time effect of the viscosity is observed for semidilute HA solutions. A degradation of HA is observed at low and high pH and this effect continues over long times, and it is only in the approximate interval 5<pH<10 that HA is stable. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on semidilute aqueous solutions of mucin at pH=7 reveal a fractal dimension of 1.4, and the effect of temperature is insignificant on the fractal structure. This suggests that the mucin chains on a semi-local dimensional scale are rod-like. From various experimental methods on solutions of mucin it was found that at pH values around 2 (uncharged polymer), the intensive hydrophobic interactions lead to large association complexes, whereas at pH>>2 the negative charges suppress the tendency of forming associations. At pH<2, the mucin chains are compressed and they are decorated by some positive charges. In the semidilute regime, a fragmented network is developed. The intense association in semidilute solutions of mucin at pH=2 is further supported by the results from rheo-small angle light scattering measurements. Effects of ionic strength on the radius of gyration (R(g)) for dilute solutions of HA (pH=7) and positively charged hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC(+)) are studied with the aid of Monte Carlo simulations, and essential features of the polyelectrolyte effect on R(g) are captured in the computer simulation. Strong interactions are observed in aqueous mixtures of an anionic polysaccharide (HEC(-)) and an oppositely charged surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB); this gives rise to extensive associations and macroscopic phase separation is approached. The massive association complexes are disclosed in the SANS experiments by a pronounced upturn in the scattered intensity at low values of the wave vector.
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21
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Lue A, Zhang L. Effects of carbon nanotubes on rheological behavior in cellulose solution dissolved at low temperature. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Wang Y, Lue A, Zhang L. Rheological behavior of waterborne polyurethane/starch aqueous dispersions during cure. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Soares SI, Gonçalves RM, Fernandes I, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Mechanistic approach by which polysaccharides inhibit α-amylase/procyanidin aggregation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:4352-4358. [PMID: 19378996 DOI: 10.1021/jf900302r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work studies the inhibition of aggregation of α-amylase and procyanidin fractions by different polysaccharides (arabic gum, β-cyclodextrin, and pectins). Several analytical approaches, namely, fluorescence quenching, nephelometry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS), were used. In general, nephelometry showed that the presence of the polysaccharides in solution reduced the formation of insoluble aggregates. The fluorescence quenching measurements showed two effects: arabic gum and β-cyclodextrin reduce the quenching effect of procyanidin fractions on α-amylase fluorescence, whereas pectins do not affect the quenching of α-amylase fluorescence by procyanidin fractions. DLS measurements have revealed that the polysaccharides studied induce a decrease in aggregates size, which probably is due to the formation of smaller aggregates resulting from the disruption and reorganization of the procyanidin fractions/α-amylase aggregates. Overall, the results obtained for arabic gum and β-cyclodextrin strongly suggest that the main mechanism by which these two compounds inhibit protein/polyphenol aggregation is by molecular association between these polysaccharides and polyphenols, competing with protein aggregation. In the case of pectins, the results obtained provide evidence that the main mechanism by which they reduce protein/polyphenol aggregation is by forming a protein/polyphenol/polysaccharide complex, enhancing its solubility in aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Investigation Centre, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Hagesaether E, Arne Sande S. Effect of Pectin Type and Plasticizer on In Vitro Mucoadhesion of Free Films. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 13:105-14. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450701831021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Kjøniksen AL, Beheshti N, Kotlar HK, Zhu K, Nyström B. Modified polysaccharides for use in enhanced oil recovery applications. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Liu Z, Maleki A, Zhu K, Kjøniksen AL, Nyström B. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Association during Chemical Cross-Linking of Dilute Solutions of Different Polysaccharides under the Influence of Shear Flow. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1082-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atoosa Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315, Oslo, Norway
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Hagesaether E, Sande SA. In vitro measurements of mucoadhesive properties of six types of pectin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2007; 33:417-25. [PMID: 17523006 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600920630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure and compare the specific- and general mucin interaction of six pectin types from three manufacturers, differing mainly in the degree of methoxylation and degree of amidation. Mucoadhesive properties were measured using a texture analyzer. It was found that an intermediate degree of methoxylation (35 and 36%) improved the specific mucin interaction. Amidation did not increase mucin interaction. Samples from different manufacturers did not alter these conclusions. This study indicates that the general classification of pectin as a poor mucoadhesive, without differentiating between the amount and type of substituents, probably is an oversimplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hagesaether
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Brand T, Richter S, Berger S. Diffusion NMR as a New Method for the Determination of the Gel Point of Gelatin. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:15853-7. [PMID: 16898736 DOI: 10.1021/jp062960z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gelation of gelatin has been investigated using pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR. For the first time, diffusion results have been used to determine the gelation point, which is indicated by a minimum in the self-diffusion coefficient of the free polymer fraction vs temperature. Biexponential analysis of the diffusion decay data allowing the diffusion of free and network-bound gelatin to be determined separately has been applied to provide an extended insight into the gelation process. Low-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology and time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) as classical polymer characterization methods were applied as control experiments. All three methods yielded a gelation temperature of 24-25 degrees C for the cooling regime. Hysteresis effects could also be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Brand
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Tho I, Kjøniksen AL, Knudsen KD, Nyström B. Effect of solvent composition on the association behavior of pectin in methanol–water mixtures. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Werner B, Bu H, Kjøniksen AL, Sande SA, Nyström B. Characterization of Gelation of Aqueous Pectin via the Ugi Multicomponent Condensation Reaction. Polym Bull (Berl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-006-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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32
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33
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34
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Tiziani S, Vodovotz Y. Rheological characterization of a novel functional food: tomato juice with soy germ. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:7267-73. [PMID: 16131141 DOI: 10.1021/jf0511087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rheological properties of tomato juice containing 1.5% soy germ were compared to plain tomato juice with and without soy protein isolate. This novel product was developed to provide a delivery system of carotenoids, soy protein, and significant isoflavone content without compromising the perceived juice characteristics of tomato product. Rheological tests depicted physical gel characteristics for all three products. Dynamic tests as a function of temperature showed that the stability and the compatibility between tomato juice and soy germ were higher as compared to soy protein isolate. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between pectin and protein in the tomato soy protein isolate system were weakened as the temperature was increased. In the case of tomato juice with soy germ, the viscosity did not change during heating. The addition of soy germ increased the viscosity of tomato juice reinforcing the entire system without major qualitative effects on the rheological properties of plain tomato juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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35
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Pillay V, Danckwerts MP, Muhidinov Z, Fassihi R. Novel modulation of drug delivery using binary zinc-alginate-pectinate polyspheres for zero-order kinetics over several days: experimental design strategy to elucidate the crosslinking mechanism. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005; 31:191-207. [PMID: 15773286 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-200047806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A Box-Behnken design was applied to mathematically establish whether different degrees of crosslinking were induced by Zn2+ and Ca2+ ions in polyspheres composed of alginate and/or pectin, and the model drug ibuprofen. Based on their different crystal structures and coordination numbers, a theoretical model was proposed demonstrating that Zn2+ ions preferentially crosslink alginate and pectin. In addition, the lower coordination number of Zn2+ (4-6) would significantly retard hydration of both polymers, as opposed to Ca2+ (7-9). The responses studied for 28 statistically derived polyspheres included drug encapsulation efficiency, physicomechanical behavior, and in vitro drug release potential. Single-tailed Student's t-tests on data generated for the encapsulation efficiencies, primary facture values, and rupture energies indicated that Zn2+ was statistically superior (p<0.05) in crosslinking alginate and pectin. Further textural analysis revealed a good correlation between the Brinell hardness number and fracture load, while an inverse relationship was found for matrix tensile strength. Viscosity studies demonstrated different in situ crosslinking thresholds for Zn2+. The Durbin-Watson statistic and correlation coefficient revealed that the quadratic regression function was highly accurate in predicting the responses. Using a generalized reduced gradient algorithm on dissolution values obtained after 2 hours (t2h) provided optimized solutions for achieving zero-order release extending from 2 hours to 7 days. Mathematical simulations projected drug release from 25 to 50 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viness Pillay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
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36
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Tho I, Arne Sande S, Kleinebudde P. Cross-linking of amidated low-methoxylated pectin with calcium during extrusion/spheronisation: Effect on particle size and shape. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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Kjøniksen AL, Hiorth M, Nyström B. Temperature-induced association and gelation of aqueous solutions of pectin. A dynamic light scattering study. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Gao S, Nishinari K. Effect of deacetylation rate on gelation kinetics of konjac glucomannan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 38:241-9. [PMID: 15542332 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effect of deacetylation rate on the gelation behaviors on addition of sodium carbonate for native and acetylated konjac glucomannan (KGM) samples with a degree of acetylation (DA) range of 1.38-10.1 wt.% synthesized using acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine as catalyst was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. At a fixed alkaline concentration (C(Na)), both the critical gelation times (t(cr)) and the plateau values of storage moduli (G'(sat)) of the KGM gels increased with increasing DA. While at a fixed ratio of alkaline concentrations to values of DA (C(Na)/DA), the similar t(cr) and (G'(sat)) values independent of DA were observed. On the whole, increasing KGM concentration or temperature shortened the gelation time and enhanced the elastic modulus for KGM gel. The effect of deacetylation rate related to the C(Na)/DA on the gelation kinetics of the KGM samples were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Gao
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Gao S, Nishinari K. Effect of Degree of Acetylation on Gelation of Konjac Glucomannan. Biomacromolecules 2003; 5:175-85. [PMID: 14715024 DOI: 10.1021/bm034302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Effect of the degree of acetylation (DA) on the gelation behaviors on addition of sodium carbonate for native and acetylated konjac glucomannan (KGM) samples with a DA range from 1.38 to 10.1 wt % synthesized using acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine as catalyst was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurements. At a fixed alkaline concentration (CNa), both the critical gelation times (tcr) and the plateau values of storage moduli (G'sat) of the KGM gels increased with increasing DA, while at a fixed ratio of alkaline concentrations to values of DA (CNa/DA), similar tcr and values independent of DA were observed. On the whole, increasing KGM concentration or temperature shortened the gelation time and enhanced the elastic modulus for KGM gel. The effect of deacetylation rate related to the CNa/DA on the gelation kinetics of the KGM samples was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Gao
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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Tho I, Kjøniksen AL, Nyström B, Roots J. Characterization of Association and Gelation of Pectin in Methanol−Water Mixtures. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1623-9. [PMID: 14606888 DOI: 10.1021/bm0300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Turbidity, swelling, and rheological features of semidilute systems of pectin in methanol-water media of different composition have been investigated. By increasing the percentage of methanol in the mixture, the thermodynamic properties of the pectin/methanol/water system become poorer, as shown by increasing turbidity and decreasing swelling. Effects of oscillatory and steady shear flows on intermolecular associations and gelation of pectin in methanol/water mixtures are reported. The effects of methanol concentration on the growth and structure of shear-induced gels, stabilized through hydrogen bonds, are analyzed. Steady shear measurements on these systems reveal shear thickening at low shear rates and disruption of intermolecular associative junctions at high shear rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Tho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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