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Kueh W, Shi X, Phua TW, Kueh H, Liau YC, Chi C. π-Extended S-Heterocyclic Naphthoquinodimethane with Dual Diradical and Dipolar Character. Org Lett 2022; 24:5935-5940. [PMID: 35938992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2,6-naphthoquinodimethane (2,6-NQDM) containing S-heterocyclic molecule 6-S was synthesized, and its dual open-shell diradical and dipolar characters were revealed via both experimental and theoretical studies. Unlike the shorter p-quinodimethane (p-QDM)-containing analogue 5-S, which possesses a closed-shell ground state (y0 = 0%) with small dipolar character, 6-S possesses enhanced dipolar character with a singlet diradical ground state (y0 = 23.3%) and a thermally accessible triplet excited state (ΔEST = -4.13 kcal/mol). Despite this, it displays good stability (t1/2 = 41days) under ambient air and light conditions due to its distinctive dipolar character and kinetic blocking of reactive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Kueh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Teng Wei Phua
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Huilin Kueh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuan Cheng Liau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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2
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Gräßler N, Wolf S, Holzmüller F, Zeika O, Vandewal K, Leo K. Heteroquinoid Merocyanine Dyes with High Thermal Stability as Absorber Materials in Vacuum‐Processed Organic Solar Cells. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Gräßler
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Holzmüller
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Olaf Zeika
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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3
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Bispinghoff M, Grützmacher H. Annulated 1,3,4-Azadiphospholides: Heterocycles with Widely Tunable Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Bispinghoff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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4
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Bispinghoff M, Grützmacher H. Annulated 1,3,4-Azadiphospholides: Heterocycles with Widely Tunable Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11226-11231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Bispinghoff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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5
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Pyrrole-thiazole based push-pull chromophores: An experimental and theoretical approach to structural, spectroscopic and NLO properties of the novel styryl dyes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Yates EV, Meisl G, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM. An Environmentally Sensitive Fluorescent Dye as a Multidimensional Probe of Amyloid Formation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2087-94. [PMID: 26865546 PMCID: PMC5717618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We have explored amyloid formation
using poly(amino acid) model
systems in which differences in peptide secondary structure and hydrophobicity
can be introduced in a controlled manner. We show that an environmentally
sensitive fluorescent dye, dapoxyl, is able to identify β-sheet
structure and hydrophobic surfaces, structural features likely to
be related to toxicity, as a result of changes in its excitation and
emission profiles and its relative quantum yield. These results show
that dapoxyl is a multidimensional probe of the time dependence of
amyloid aggregation, which provides information about the presence
and nature of metastable aggregation intermediates that is inaccessible
to the conventional probes that rely on changes in quantum yield alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Yates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Meisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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7
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Moreno-Yruela C, Garín J, Orduna J, Franco S, Quintero E, López Navarrete JT, Diosdado BE, Villacampa B, Casado J, Andreu R. D−π–A Compounds with Tunable Intramolecular Charge Transfer Achieved by Incorporation of Butenolide Nitriles as Acceptor Moieties. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12115-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Estefanía Quintero
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz E. Diosdado
- Servicio
de Rayos X y Análisis por Fluorescencia, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, Campus
de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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8
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Casado J, Hernández V, López Navarrete JT. Vibrational Raman Shifts and Aromaticity: The Case of Oligothiophenes. CHEM REC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Física; University of Málaga; Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
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9
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Son M, Fukuda K, Burrezo PM, Zhu X, Qi Q, Li RW, Navarrete JTL, Ding J, Casado J, Nakano M, Kim D, Wu J. Push–Pull Type Oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes: Chain Length and Solvent-Dependent Ground States and Physical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8572-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Run-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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10
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Balanay MP, Enopia CMG, Lee SH, Kim DH. Theoretical design of triphenylamine-based derivatives with asymmetric D-D-π-A configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:382-391. [PMID: 25617849 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of theoretical techniques in the structural development of dye-sensitized solar cells helps in the efficient screening of the dyes. To properly rationalize the dye's design process, benchmark calculations were conducted using long-range corrected exchange-correlation (xc) functionals with varying separation parameters to be able to predict the excited-state energies of triphenylamine-based dyes, namely: PPS, PSP, and PSS, wherein they differ at the π-conjugated bridge using thiophene and/or phenyl moieties. The results show that LC-ωPBE xc functional with an optimized parameter provided better correlation with the experimental results compared to the other functionals. The relative shifts of the absorption spectra, light harvesting efficiency, normal dipole moments, as well as the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the dyes were well-correlated with the experimental data. A new set of dyes was designed in an effort to increase its solar cell efficiency that was patterned after PSS with an additional donor moiety such as fluorene, cyclopentaindole, and pyrene attached asymmetrically at the triphenylamine ring. Among the newly designed dyes, analogs that contain 4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indole (I) and pyrido[2,3,4-5-imn]phenanthridine-5,10(4H,9H)-dione (P2) as the additional donor moiety produced the best photophysical properties and charge-transfer characteristics for a promising dye for solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannix P Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Marco AB, Burrezo PM, Mosteo L, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Diosdado BE, Villacampa B, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Andreu R. Polarization, second-order nonlinear optical properties and electrochromism in 4H-pyranylidene chromophores with a quinoid/aromatic thiophene ring bridge. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The second-order NLO responses and spectroelectrochemical properties of donor–π–acceptor systems featuring a quinoid/aromatic thiophene unit have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Belén Marco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | | | - Laura Mosteo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Santiago Franco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Javier Garín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Beatriz E. Diosdado
- Servicio de Difracción de Rayos X y Análisis por Fluorescencia
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Belén Villacampa
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Departamento de Química Física
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- ICMA
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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12
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Microporous hypercross-linked conjugated quinonoid chromophores of anthracene: Novel polymers for CO2 adsorption. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Umape PG, Gawale Y, Sekar N. Fluorescent styryl dyes based on novel 4-methoxy-9-methyi-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde--synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT computations. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:1087-98. [PMID: 24781661 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbazole based styryl derivatives (6a-6c) having styryl group at third position and a methoxy substitution were synthesized by condensing 4-methoxy-9-methyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde 3 and different active methylene derivatives (5a-5c). Evaluated photophysical properties of these synthesized novel chromophores, studied the effect of solvent polarity on absorption, emission and quantum yield of these styryl derivatives. DFT and TD-DFT computations are carried out to study structural, molecular, electronic and photophysical parameters of dyes. The ratio of ground state to excited state dipole moment was calculated using Bakhshiev and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant G Umape
- Tinctorial Chemistry Group, Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400 019, India
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14
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Mishra R, Lim JM, Son M, Panini P, Kim D, Sankar J. Tuning the Electronic Nature of Mono-Bay Alkynyl-Phenyl-Substituted Perylene Bisimides: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:5776-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Marco AB, Andreu R, Franco S, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Diosdado BE, López Navarrete JT, Casado J. Push–pull systems bearing a quinoid/aromatic thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety: synthesis, ground state polarization and second-order nonlinear properties. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6338-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Herrero-García N, del Rosario Colorado Heras M, del Rosario Torres M, Fernández I, Osío Barcina J. A Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation on Homoconjugated Push-Pull Chromophores Derived from 7,7-Diphenylnorbornane. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Andreu R, Galán E, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Alicante R, Navarrete JTL, Casado J, Garín J. Aromatic/proaromatic donors in 2-dicyanomethylenethiazole merocyanines: from neutral to strongly zwitterionic nonlinear optical chromophores. Chemistry 2010; 17:826-38. [PMID: 21226097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull compounds, in which a proaromatic electron donor is conjugated to a 2-dicyanomethylenethiazole acceptor, have been prepared, and their properties compared to those of model compounds featuring an aromatic donor. A combined experimental (X-ray diffraction, (1) H NMR, IR, Raman, UV/Vis, nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements) and theoretical study reveals that structural and solvent effects determine the ground-state polarisation of these merocyanines: whereas 4H-pyran-4-ylidene- and 4-pyridylidene-containing compounds are zwitterionic and 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene derivatives are close to the cyanine limit, anilino-derived merocyanines are essentially neutral. This very large range of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) gives rise to efficient second-order NLO chromophores with μβ values ranging from strongly negative to strongly positive. In particular, pyranylidene derivatives are unusual in that they show an increase in the degree of ICT on lengthening the π-spacer, a feature that lies behind the very large negative μβ values they display. The linking of the formally quinoidal 2-dicyanomethylenethiazole moiety to proaromatic donors seems a promising approach towards the optimisation of zwitterionic NLO chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Batista RMF, Costa SPG, Raposo MMM. Synthesis and characterization of the ground and excited states of tripodal-like oligothienyl-imidazoles. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:4964-72. [PMID: 20337451 DOI: 10.1021/jp9104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Six new thiophene oligomers, here designated as tripodal-like oligothienyl-imidazoles, were synthesized and have been investigated in ethanol solution at room and low temperature. The oligomers bear a common core where two or more thiophenes are linked to one or more imidazole units that further links through its alpha-position to a different number of incremental thiophene units. The study involves a comprehensive spectral and photophysical investigation where the properties of the singlet and triplet states have been investigated regarding absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence, transient triplet-triplet absorption together with all relevant quantum yields (fluorescence, phi(F), internal conversion, phi(IC), intersystem crossing, phi(T,) and singlet oxygen, phi(Delta)) and lifetimes. In addition, density functional theory quantum chemical calculations were performed to gain a detailed understanding of the molecular geometry and optical properties of the investigated oligomers. From the overall data, the radiative (k(F)) and radiationless (k(NR), k(IC), and k(ISC)) rate constants have been determined and it is shown that, in contrast with the parent oligothiophenes, the radiative competes with the radiationless deactivation channels. The results show that, by comparison with the oligothiophene counterparts, there is an augment of the relative contributions of the internal conversion and fluorescence processes relative to the S(1)~~-->T(1) intersystem crossing. Phosphosphorescence emission was found for the simplest member of the investigated compounds with a low quantum yield (phi(Ph) = 0.009) and a lifetime of 8 micros. The data also show that the introduction of a 4,5-dithienyl-imidazole moiety in a bi- or terthiophene oligomer results in, respectively, a 20-fold and a 3-fold increase of the fluorescence quantum yield relative to their oligothiophene counterparts. The synergy of the structural and photophysical properties, combined with the exceptional thermal stabilities, opens new perspectives related to the copolymerization of oligothiophenes with thienyl-imidazole units with potential application as organic light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Cuesta IG, Aragó J, Ortí E, Lazzeretti P. Aromaticity of α-Oligothiophenes and Equivalent Oligothienoacenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1767-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900127m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada García Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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20
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Lu Z, Liu N, Lord SJ, Bunge SD, Moerner WE, Twieg RJ. Bright, Red Single-Molecule Emitters: Synthesis and Properties of Environmentally Sensitive Dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) Fluorophores with Bisaromatic Conjugation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009; 21:797. [PMID: 20140061 PMCID: PMC2731435 DOI: 10.1021/cm801783f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A group of new fluorescent dye materials for single-molecule imaging applications comprised of an amine donor, a π-system comprised of phenyl and thiophene rings and a 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran acceptor group have been synthesized. Relative to comparable single-ring compounds these doubly aromatic conjugated fluorophores have red-shifted absorption and emission usually accompanied by significantly increased quantum yields. Solvatochromism studies indicate that the photophysical properties of these dyes are sensitive to the solvent polarity and environmental rigidity. Photophysical studies demonstrate that these DCDHF dye materials are strong single-molecule emitters and the total number of detected photons per molecule is among the highest thus far for this family of fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001
| | - Samuel J. Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080
| | - Scott D. Bunge
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001
| | - W. E. Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080
| | - Robert. J. Twieg
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001
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21
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Chen R, Zhao G, Yang X, Jiang X, Liu J, Tian H, Gao Y, Liu X, Han K, Sun M, Sun L. Photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer state in thiophene-π-conjugated donor–acceptor molecules. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ortí E, Viruela PM, Viruela R, Effenberger F, Hernandez V, López Navarrete JT. Raman and theoretical study of the solvent effects on the sizable intramolecular charge transfer in the push-pull 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene. J Phys Chem A 2007; 109:8724-31. [PMID: 16834274 DOI: 10.1021/jp052137n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the degree of intramolecular charge transfer in a push-pull pi-conjugated system, 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene, from changes in frequencies and relative intensities of its strongest Raman scatterings in a bunch of solvents with different polarities. Density functional theory (DFT) was used as a support of the experimental study. Solvent effects on the molecular and electronic structures and on the vibrational properties were estimated by performing B3LYP/6-31G calculations within the framework of the polarized continuum model (PCM) developed by Tomasi. Calculations reveal that the molecule is highly polarized in the ground state and behaves as a very efficient photoinduced push-pull system. The polarization of the molecule strongly increases with solvent polarity and determines that the profile of the Raman spectra greatly changes from one solvent to another and in going to the solid. The strongest Raman scattering associated with the nu(sym)(NO(2)) stretching undergoes a downshift of 48 cm(-1) in passing from CCl(4) to the solid. DFT calculations provide a comprehensive interpretation of the evolution of the Raman spectra with solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortí
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain
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23
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Casado J, Moreno Oliva M, Ruiz Delgado MC, López Navarrete JT, Sánchez L, Martín N, Andreu R, Carrasquer L, Garín J, Orduna J. Vibrational fingerprint of the structural tuning in push-pull organic chromophores with quinoid or proaromatic spacers. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:074701. [PMID: 17328621 DOI: 10.1063/1.2395936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Raman spectra of a series of push-pull molecules containing probenzenoid or quinoid spacers which are substituted with 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene as donor and dicyano-methylene or barbituric acid as acceptors have been analyzed. The experimental spectra have been assigned and interpreted according to density functional theory calculations. Correlations between the Raman spectra of the isolated spacers and of the substituted molecules have been done. Raman bands in the 1620-1560 cm-1 interval provide vibrational markers of the quinoid<-->aromatic structural evolution. This finding is supported by a careful inspection of geometrical parameters, namely, bond length alteration data and particular bond distances. As a result, the peak positions and relative intensities of these Raman features can be used to evaluate the benzenoid character of the spacer as a function of the donor/acceptor substitution pattern. This paper shows that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful spectroscopic tool for the analysis of the conjugational properties (i.e., intramolecular donor-->acceptor charge transfer) of new organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
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24
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Otsubo T, Inoue S, Mikami S, Takimiya K, Aso Y. Syntheses, Structures, and Spectroscopic Properties of Push-Pull Heteroquinoid Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Andreu R, Aramburo J, Cerdán MA, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B. Highly polarized dithiafulvenes: synthesis and nonlinear optical properties. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Takahashi T, Takimiya K, Otsubo T, Aso Y. Synthesis and Spectral Properties of a Highly Soluble Push−Pull Type of Quinoidal Thiophenes. Org Lett 2005; 7:4313-6. [PMID: 16178521 DOI: 10.1021/ol0513037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] A series of push-pull quinoidal thiophenes 5a,b and 6a-c substituted with an electron-donating 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene unit and an electron-withdrawing dicyanomethylene unit at the terminals is developed. They are highly soluble in common solvents and deeply colored with extension of the thienoquinoid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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27
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Andreu R, Blesa MJ, Carrasquer L, Garín J, Orduna J, Villacampa B, Alcalá R, Casado J, Ruiz Delgado MC, López Navarrete JT, Allain M. Tuning First Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities through the Use of Proaromatic Spacers. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8835-45. [PMID: 15954792 DOI: 10.1021/ja051819l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the second-order nonlinear optical properties of a series of 1,3-dithiole-based electron donor-acceptor systems incorporating proaromatic donor and spacer groups. Modification of the proaromaticity of the quinoid spacer gives rise to NLO-phores with mubeta values ranging from -2000 x 10(-)(48) esu to +3000 x 10(-)(48) esu. Quite surprisingly, compounds with a p-benzoquinoid spacer and a strong acceptor group show negative mubeta values, usually associated to zwitterionic ground states, and yet they are largely quinoid, as evidenced by crystallographic data and theoretical calculations. Progressive benzoannulation of the spacer and introduction of alkylsulfanyl substituents on the dithiole donor unit result in a shift to more positive mubeta values. DFT and ab initio calculations verify these empirical trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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28
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Hrobarik P, Zahradnik P, Fabian WMF. Computational design of benzothiazole-derived push–pull dyes with high molecular quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b314150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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