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Berg I, Eisenberg H, Dery S, Shahar T, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Stein T, Gross E. The influence of adsorption geometry on the reduction affinity of nitroaromatics on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22960-22970. [PMID: 36125248 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02832h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective reduction of nitro groups in multifunctional nitroaromatics is a challenging catalytic process with high interest due to the importance of the resulting anilines for the chemical industry. Molecular-level understanding of the ways by which adsorption geometry of nitroaromatics influence their affinity toward nitro reduction will enable the development of highly selective reactions. Herein, taking advantage of the well-ordered self-assembly of para- and ortho-nitrothiophenol (p-NTP and o-NTP, respectively) monolayers on Au(111), we examined the correlation between adsorption geometry and nitro reduction affinity. The anchoring geometry of NTPs and their nitro reduction affinity were determined by conducting polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy while the influence of NTPs' adsorption geometry on the interaction with the Au surface was analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Exposure of surface anchored p-NTPs to reducing conditions led to their reorientation from a tilt angle of 52° to 25°, which enabled strong interactions between the π system of the molecules and the Au surface. Direct correlation was identified between the surface proximity of the nitro group, its parallel position to the surface and the resulting reduction yield. The asymmetric structure of o-NTP led to a tilted adsorption geometry in which the nitro group was rotated away from the plane of the aromatic ring and therefore was positioned parallel and in high proximity to the Au surface. This positioning led to surface-bonding that involved the oxygen atoms of o-NTP. The higher surface proximity and stronger surface interactions of the nitro group in o-NTP enabled nitro reduction already at 180 °C, while in p-NTP nitro reduction was achieved only at 230 °C, due to the longer distance between the NO2 group and the Au surface that led to weaker adsorbate-surface interactions. Thus, parallel positioning of the nitro group and high surface proximity were found as essential descriptors for nitro reduction affinity in both p-NTP and o-NTP on the Au surface. These findings provide explicit guidelines for tuning the reactant and surface properties in order to control the reactant's adsorption geometry for selective nitro reduction in multifunctional nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Helen Eisenberg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Tehila Shahar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Tamar Stein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Devasenathipathy R, Rani KK, Liu J, Wu DY, Tian ZQ. Plasmon mediated photoelectrochemical transformations: The example of para-aminothiophenol. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shabik MF, Begum H, Rahman MM, Marwani HM, Hasnat MA. Heterogeneous Kinetics of Thiourea Electro-Catalytic Oxidation Reactions on Palladium Surface in Aqueous Medium. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4327-4338. [PMID: 33140908 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviors of thiourea (TU) oxidation have been studied at Palladium (Pd) electrode in the acidic medium by recording cyclic voltammograms (CVs). The influence of pH was investigated in the pH range of 1.0 to 9.0. Facilitated adsorption of TU on electrode surface results in enhanced catalytic response in acidic medium and maximum electro-catalytic response was found at pH∼3.0. Chronoamperometric (CA) experiment determined this oxidation as 1e- transfer process and the variation of TU concentration reveals a 1st order kinetics. In the CV responses, the large value of peak separation (▵Ep >380 mV) calculated by the variation of scan rate indicates that oxidation of TU is an irreversible process. With the aid of convolution potential sweep voltammetry (CPSV), the standard rate constant (k°) for the reaction was found to be 7.1×10-4 cm/s and the formal potential constant (E°' ) was evaluated to be ∼0.37 V vs Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl). The value of transfer coefficient (α) was found to vary from 0.74 to 0.40 with applied potential (E). From the potential dependent variation of transfer coefficient (α) and activation energy (▵G≠ ), it was concluded that the overall electrochemical oxidation of TU follows a stepwise mechanism at lower potential (<0.40) V and a concerted one at relatively higher potential (>0.40) V. The FTIR analysis of the product after oxidation of TU molecules confirmed the appearance of a new sharp band near 530 cm-1 due to the formation of S-S bonds suggesting formation of formamidine disulfide (FD) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fazle Shabik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Humayra Begum
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Hasnat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.,Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Agargoan, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Manny TF, Miah R, Islam F, Sen D, Mahmud R. Enhanced Oxidation of Uric Acid at Thiourea-Modified Gold Electrode in Alkaline Media. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520070046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Effect of mass transfer process on hydrogen adsorption on polycrystalline platinum electrode in sulfuric acid solution. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu A, Ren X, An M. A composite additive used for a new cyanide-free silver plating bath (II): an insight by electrochemical measurements and quantum chemical calculation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02638b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BPY and PAT are effective additives for silver plating due to their ability for strong adsorption on silver surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Liu
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- School of Food and Environment
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- China
| | - Maozhong An
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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Cheuquepán W, Orts JM, Rodes A. On the electrochemical behavior of formamidine disulfide on gold electrodes in acid media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Wu DY, Zhang M, Zhao LB, Huang YF, Ren B, Tian ZQ. Surface plasmon-enhanced photochemical reactions on noble metal nanostructures. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kunimoto M, Endo K, Nakai H, Homma T. Acceleration effect of thiourea on the oxidation reaction of hypophosphite ion on Ni surface. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prezhdo OV, Boszczyk W, Zubkova VV, Prezhdo VV. Solute-solvent interactions determine the effect of external electric field on the intensity of molecular absorption spectra. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13263-6. [PMID: 19049314 DOI: 10.1021/jp807857m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the electronic absorption spectra of 4-aminoazobenzene subjected to an external electric field in nonpolar and polar solvents shows that the field-induced change in the absorption intensity is dominated by the solvent-solute interaction. Moreover, solvent can determine the sign of the change of the absorption intensity. These experimental observations are supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations and are rationalized by analytic theory. The results carry particular importance for the numerous fundamental and practical applications of electric fields to understanding and design of new materials and biological systems.
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Yang W, Zhou W, Peng K. Structure and stability of thioureate anions with water, DFT calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adsorption and electro-oxidation of N-alkyl and N,N’-dialkyl thioureas on gold electrodes in acid solutions. A combined FTIRRAS and voltammetry study. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Bryantsev VS, Hay BP. Conformational Preferences and Internal Rotation in Alkyl- and Phenyl-Substituted Thiourea Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4678-88. [PMID: 16599434 DOI: 10.1021/jp056906e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Potential energy surfaces (PES) for rotation about the N-C(sp(3)) or N-C(aryl) bond and energies of stationary points on PES for rotation about the C(sp(2))-N bond are reported for methylthiourea, ethylthiourea, isopropylthiourea, tert-butylthiourea, and phenylurea, using the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ method. Analysis of alkylthioureas shows that conformations, with alkyl groups cis to the sulfur atom, are more stable (by 0.4-1.5 kcal/mol) than the trans forms. All minima adopt anti configurations with respect to nitrogen pyramidalization, whereas syn configurations are not stationary points on the MP2 potential surface. In contrast, analysis of phenylthiourea reveals that a trans isomer in a syn geometry is the global minimum, whereas a cis isomer in an anti geometry is a local minimum with a relative energy of 2.7 kcal/mol. Rotation about the C(sp(2))-N bond in alkyl and phenyl thioureas is slightly more hindered (9.1-10.2 kcal/mol) than the analogous motion in the unsubstituted molecule (8.6 kcal/mol). The maximum barriers to rotation for the methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, and phenyl substituents are predicted to be 1.2, 8.9, 8.6, 5.3, and 0.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Corresponding PESs are consistent with the experimental dihedral angle distribution observed in crystal structures. The results of the electronic structure calculations are used to benchmark the performance of the MMFF94 force field. Systematic discrepancies between MMFF94 and MP2 results were improved by modification of selected torsion parameters and one of the van der Waals parameters for sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav S Bryantsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Cometto FP, Paredes-Olivera P, Macagno VA, Patrito EM. Density Functional Theory Study of the Adsorption of Alkanethiols on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111) in the Low and High Coverage Regimes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:21737-48. [PMID: 16853824 DOI: 10.1021/jp053273v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structure, the surface bonding, and the energetics of alkanethiols adsorbed on Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111) surfaces were studied under low and high coverages. The potential energy surfaces (PES) for the thiol/metal interaction were investigated in the absence and presence of externally applied electric fields in order to simulate the effect of the electrode potential on the surface bonding. The electric field affects the corrugation of the PES which decreases for negative fields and increases for positive fields. In the structural investigation, we considered the relaxation of the adsorbate and the surface. The highest relaxation in a direction perpendicular to the surface was observed for gold atoms, whereas silver atoms presented the highest relaxation in a plane parallel to the surface. The surface relaxation is more important in the low coverage limit. The surface bonding was investigated by means of the total and projected density of states analysis. The highest ionic character was observed on the copper surface whereas the highest covalent character occurs on gold. This leads to a strong dependence of the PES with the tilt angle of the adsorbate on Au(111) whereas this dependence is less pronounced on the other metals. Thus, the adsorbate-relaxation and the metal-relaxation contributions to the binding energy are more important on gold. The adsorption of thiols on gold was investigated on the 111 surface as well as on a surface with gold adatoms in order to elucidate the effect of thiols on the surface diffusion of gold. The CH(3)CH(2)S radical adsorbs ontop of the gold adatom. The diffusional barrier of the CH(3)CH(2)SAu species is lower than that for a bare gold adatom and is also lower than that for the bare thiol radical. The adsorption of the molecular species CH(3)SH and CH(3)CH(2)SH was also investigated on Au(111). They adsorb via the sulfur atom ontop of a gold atom. On the other hand, the adsorption of the alkanethiol radicals on the perfect 111 surfaces occurs on the face centered cubic (fcc)-bridge site in the low coverage limit for all metals and shifts toward the fcc site at high coverage on copper and silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Cometto
- Unidad de Matematica y Física and Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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