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Ferchichi O, Derbel N, Cours T, Alijah A. Dichlorine peroxide (ClOOCl), chloryl chloride (ClCl(O)O) and chlorine chlorite (ClOClO): very accurate ab initiostructures and actinic degradation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4059-4071. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural parameters of the three most stable isomers with formula Cl2O2, dichlorine peroxide, chloryl chloride and chlorine chlorite, were determined by high-levelab initiotheory. The photodissociation pathways were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Ferchichi
- LSAMA
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique
- Moléculaire et Applications
- Département de Physique
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - Najoua Derbel
- LSAMA
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique
- Moléculaire et Applications
- Département de Physique
- Faculté des Sciences
| | - Thibaud Cours
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
| | - Alexander Alijah
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique
- GSMA
- UMR CNRS 7331
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
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2
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Zhong J, Kumar M, Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-Lopez MF, Zeng XC, Francisco JS. Atmospheric Spectroscopy and Photochemistry at Environmental Water Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:45-69. [PMID: 31174459 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The air-water interface is ubiquitous in nature, as manifested in the form of the surfaces of oceans, lakes, and atmospheric aerosols. The aerosol interface, in particular, can play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry. The adsorption of atmospheric species onto and into aerosols modifies their concentrations and chemistries. Moreover, the aerosol phase allows otherwise unlikely solution-phase chemistry to occur in the atmosphere. The effect of the air-water interface on these processes is not entirely known. This review summarizes recent theoretical investigations of the interactions of atmosphere species with the air-water interface, including reactant adsorption, photochemistry, and the spectroscopy of reactants at the water surface, with an emphasis on understanding differences between interfacial chemistries and the chemistries in both bulk solution and the gas phase. The results discussed here enable an understanding of fundamental concepts that lead to potential air-water interface effects, providing a framework to understand the effects of water surfaces on our atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68566, USA
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68566, USA
| | - J M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T C Martins-Costa
- Le Laboratoire Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), CNRS UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M F Ruiz-Lopez
- Le Laboratoire Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), CNRS UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - X C Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68566, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68566, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, USA;
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3
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Lasne J, Noblet A, Szopa C, Navarro-González R, Cabane M, Poch O, Stalport F, François P, Atreya SK, Coll P. Oxidants at the Surface of Mars: A Review in Light of Recent Exploration Results. ASTROBIOLOGY 2016; 16:977-996. [PMID: 27925795 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1976, the Viking landers carried out the most comprehensive search for organics and microbial life in the martian regolith. Their results indicate that Mars' surface is lifeless and, surprisingly, depleted in organics at part-per-billion levels. Several biology experiments on the Viking landers gave controversial results that have since been explained by the presence of oxidizing agents on the surface of Mars. These oxidants may degrade abiotic or biological organics, resulting in their nondetection in the regolith. As several exploration missions currently focus on the detection of organics on Mars (or will do so in the near future), knowledge of the oxidative state of the surface is fundamental. It will allow for determination of the capability of organics to survive on a geological timescale, the most favorable places to seek them, and the best methods to process the samples collected at the surface. With this aim, we review the main oxidants assumed to be present on Mars, their possible formation pathways, and those laboratory studies in which their reactivity with organics under Mars-like conditions has been evaluated. Among the oxidants assumed to be present on Mars, only four have been detected so far: perchlorate ions (ClO4-) in salts, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the atmosphere, and clays and metal oxides composing surface minerals. Clays have been suggested as catalysts for the oxidation of organics but are treated as oxidants in the following to keep the structure of this article straightforward. This work provides an insight into the oxidizing potential of the surface of Mars and an estimate of the stability of organic matter in an oxidizing environment. Key Words: Mars surface-Astrobiology-Oxidant-Chemical reactions. Astrobiology 16, 977-996.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lasne
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - A Noblet
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - C Szopa
- 2 LATMOS, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Versailles St Quentin , CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - R Navarro-González
- 3 Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Cabane
- 2 LATMOS, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Versailles St Quentin , CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - O Poch
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
- 4 NCCR PlanetS, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Stalport
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - P François
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
- 5 IC2MP, Equipe Eau Géochimie Santé, Université de Poitiers , CNRS UMR 7285, Poitiers, France
| | - S K Atreya
- 6 Department of Climate and Space Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - P Coll
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
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4
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Hoehn RD, Yeole SD, Kais S, Francisco JS. Analytic ab initio-based molecular interaction potential for the BrO⋅H2O complex. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204121. [PMID: 27250293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4950956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical halogen oxide species play important roles within atmospheric processes, specifically those responsible for the removal of O3. To facilitate future investigations on this family of compounds, RCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ-level electronic structure calculations were employed to generate individual-molecule optimized geometries, as well as to determine the global minimum energy structure for the BrO⋅H2O complex. This information facilitated the generation of several one-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) scans for the BrO⋅H2O complex. Scans were performed for both the ground state and the first excited state; this inclusion is due to a low-lying first electronic excited-state energy. These rigid-geometry PES scans were used both to generate a novel analytic interaction potential by modifying the existing Thole-type model used for water and to the fitted potential function. This interaction potential features anisotropic atomic polarizabilities facilitating appropriate modeling of the physics regarding the unpaired electron residing within the p-orbitals of the oxygen atom of the bromine oxide radical. The intention of this work is to facilitate future molecular dynamics simulations involving the interaction between the BrO radical and water clusters as a first step in devising possible novel chemistries taking place at the water interface of clouds within the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Hoehn
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sachin D Yeole
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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5
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Li QZ, Li HB. Hydrogen Bonds Involving Radical Species. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14163-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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6
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Vasiliev ES, Loukhovitskaya EE, Morozov II, Savilov SV, Lunin VV. Determination of Uptake Coefficient for ClO Radicals on the Surface of Mineral Salts. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6107-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211357y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S. Vasiliev
- Semenov Institute of Chemical
Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin
str. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor I. Morozov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical
Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin
str. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Savilov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerii V. Lunin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991
Moscow, Russia
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7
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Lin JJ, Chen AF, Lee YT. UV Photolysis of ClOOCl and the Ozone Hole. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1664-78. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Zhu RS, Lin MC. Ab initio chemical kinetics for reactions of ClO with Cl 2O 2 isomers. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:054307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3541353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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9
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Lien CY, Lin WY, Chen HY, Huang WT, Jin B, Chen IC, Lin JJ. Photodissociation cross sections of ClOOCl at 248.4 and 266 nm. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:174301. [PMID: 19895006 DOI: 10.1063/1.3257682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study utilized a mass-resolved detection of ClOOCl to determine its photodissociation cross section, which is the product of the absorption cross section and dissociation quantum yield. An effusive molecular beam of ClOOCl was generated and its photodissociation probability was determined through measuring the decrease in the ClOOCl beam intensity upon laser irradiation. By comparing with a reference molecule, the absolute cross sections of ClOOCl were obtained without knowing its absolute concentration. The determined cross section of ClOOCl at 248.4 nm is (8.85+/-0.42)x10(-18) cm(2) at 200 K, significantly larger than previously reported values. The temperature dependence of the cross section was investigated at 248.4 nm in the range of 160-260 K; only a very small and negative temperature effect was observed. Because 248.4 nm is very close to the peak of the UV absorption band of ClOOCl, this work provides a new calibration point for normalizing relative absorption spectra of ClOOCl. In this work, the photodissociation cross section at 266 nm and 200 K was also reported to be (4.13+/-0.21)x10(-18) cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lien
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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10
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Catling DC, Claire MW, Zahnle KJ, Quinn RC, Clark BC, Hecht MH, Kounaves S. Atmospheric origins of perchlorate on Mars and in the Atacama. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Jin B, Chen IC, Huang WT, Lien CY, Guchhait N, Lin JJ. Photodissociation Cross Section of ClOOCl at 330 nm. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4791-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909374k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Chien-Yu Lien
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Jim J. Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, China, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
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12
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Gálvez O, Gómez PC, Pacios LF. Characterization of two types of intermolecular interactions on halogen monoxide monohydrates. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:2538-49. [PMID: 19373835 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gálvez
- Departamento de Física Molecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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13
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Du S, Francisco JS, Schenter GK, Garrett BC. Interaction of ClO Radical with Liquid Water. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14778-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9033186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Du
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Gregory K. Schenter
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Bruce C. Garrett
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, and Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352
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14
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Chen HY, Lien CY, Lin WY, Lee YT, Lin JJ. UV absorption cross sections of ClOOCl are consistent with ozone degradation models. Science 2009; 324:781-4. [PMID: 19423825 DOI: 10.1126/science.1171305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recently, discrepancies in laboratory measurements of chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) absorption cross sections have cast doubt on the validity of current photochemical models for stratospheric ozone degradation. Whereas previous ClOOCl absorption measurements all suffered from uncertainties due to absorption by impurities, we demonstrate here a method that uses mass-selected detection to circumvent such interference. The cross sections of ClOOCl were determined at two critical wavelengths (351 and 308 nanometers). Our results are sufficient to resolve the controversial issue originating from the ClOOCl laboratory cross sections and suggest that the highest laboratory estimates for atmospheric photolysis rates of ClOOCl, which best explain the field measurements via current chemical models, are reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ying Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Bixby TJ, Bolinger JC, Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump-probe studies of actinic-wavelength dependence in aqueous chlorine dioxide photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:154503. [PMID: 19388755 DOI: 10.1063/1.3116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The actinic or photolysis-wavelength dependence of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry is investigated using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Following photoexcitation at 310, 335, and 410 nm the photoinduced evolution in optical density is measured from the UV to the near IR. Analysis of the optical-density evolution illustrates that the quantum yield for atomic chlorine production (Phi(Cl)) increases with actinic energy, with Phi(Cl)=0.16+/-0.02 for 410 nm excitation and increasing to 0.25+/-0.01 and 0.54+/-0.10 for 335 and 310 nm excitations, respectively. Consistent with previous studies, the production of Cl occurs through two channels, with one channel corresponding to prompt (<5 ps) Cl formation and the other corresponding to the thermal decomposition of ClOO formed by OClO photoisomerization. The partitioning between Cl production channels is dependent on actinic energy, with prompt Cl production enhanced with an increase in actinic energy. Limited evidence is found for enhanced ClO production with an increase in actinic energy. Stimulated emission and excited-state absorption features associated with OClO populating the optically prepared (2)A(2) surface decrease with an increase in actinic energy suggesting that the excited-state decay dynamics are also actinic energy dependent. The studies presented here provide detailed information on the actinic-wavelength dependence of OClO photochemistry in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Bixby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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von Hobe M, Stroh F, Beckers H, Benter T, Willner H. The UV/Vis absorption spectrum of matrix-isolated dichlorine peroxide, ClOOCl. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1571-80. [PMID: 19240934 DOI: 10.1039/b814373k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV/Vis absorption spectra of ClOOCl isolated in neon matrices were measured in the wavelength range 220-400 nm. The purity of the trapped samples was checked by infrared and UV/Vis matrix spectroscopy as well as low-temperature Raman spectroscopy. At wavelengths below 290 nm, the results agree with the UV spectrum recently published by Pope et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A, 2007, 111, 4322-4332]. However, the observed absorption in the long wavelength tail of the spectrum-relevant for polar stratospheric ozone loss-is substantially higher than reported by Pope et al. Our results suggest the existence of a ClOOCl electronic state manifold leading to an absorption band similar to those of the near UV spectrum of Cl(2). The differences to previous studies can be accounted for quantitatively by contributions to the reported absorption spectra caused by impurities. The observed band in the long wavelength tail is supported by several high-level ab initio calculations. However, questions arise concerning absolute values of the ClOOCl cross sections, an issue that needs to be revisited in future studies. With calculated photolysis rates based on our spectrum scaled to previous cross sections at the peak absorption, the known polar catalytic ozone-destruction cycles to a large extent account for the observed ozone depletion in the spring polar stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc von Hobe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere ICG-1: Stratosphere, Jülich, Germany.
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Matus MH, Nguyen MT, Dixon DA, Peterson KA, Francisco JS. ClClO2 Is the Most Stable Isomer of Cl2O2. Accurate Coupled Cluster Energetics and Electronic Spectra of Cl2O2 Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9623-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806220r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna H. Matus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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18
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Solimannejad M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Stabilities and properties of O3–HOCl complexes: A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Abstract
ClOOCl was prepared in situ in a temperature controlled photoreactor (v = 420 L) by photolyzing OClO/N2 mixtures in the wavelength range 300-500 nm at temperatures between 242 and 261 K and total pressures between 2 and 480 mbar. After switching off the lights, excess NO2 was added, and IR and UV spectra were monitored simultaneously as a function of time. By spectral stripping of all other known UV absorbers (in particular, other chlorine oxides and chlorine nitrate), we determined rate constants k-1 of the reaction ClOOCl (+M) --> ClO + ClO (+M) from the first-order decay of the residual UV absorption of ClOOCl at 246 and 255 nm. k-1,0 = [N2] x 7.6 x 10(-9) exp[(-53.6 +/- 6.0) kJ mol(-1)/RT] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) (2sigma) was derived for the low-pressure limiting rate constant. Application of Troe's expression for the limiting low-pressure rate constants of unimolecular decomposition reactions leads to E0 = Delta(r)H0(0)(ClOOCl-->ClO+ClO) = 66.4 +/- 3.0 kJ mol(-1). k-1,0 started to fall off from the pressure proportional low pressure behavior at p approximately 30 mbar; however, reliable extrapolation to the high pressure limit was not possible. The decomposition rate constants of ClOOCl were directly measured for the first time, and they are higher, depending on temperature and pressure, by factors between 1.5 and 4.2 as compared to experimental data on k-1 by Nickolaisen et al. [J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 155] which were derived from the approach of ClO to thermal equilibrium with its dimer ClOOCl. Combination of the present dissociation rate constants with recommended temperature and pressure dependent data on the reverse reaction (k1) demonstrate inconsistencies between the dissociation and recombination rate constants. Summarizing laboratory data on k1 and k-1 above 250 K and field measurements on the ClO + ClO <= => ClOOCl equilibrium in the nighttime polar stratosphere close to 200 K, the expression Kc = k1/k-1 = 3.0 x 10(-27) exp(8433 K/T) cm3 molecule(-1) is derived for the temperature range 200-300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bröske
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie/FB C, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Pope FD, Hansen JC, Bayes KD, Friedl RR, Sander SP. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:4322-32. [PMID: 17474723 DOI: 10.1021/jp067660w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The photolysis of chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) is understood to be a key step in the destruction of polar stratospheric ozone. This study generated and purified ClOOCl in a novel fashion, which resulted in spectra with low impurity levels and high peak absorbances. The ClOOCl was generated by laser photolysis of Cl2 in the presence of ozone, or by photolysis of ozone in the presence of CF2Cl2. The product ClOOCl was collected, along with small amounts of impurities, in a trap at about -125 degrees C. Gas-phase ultraviolet spectra were recorded using a long path cell and spectrograph/diode array detector as the trap was slowly warmed. The spectrum of ClOOCl could be fit with two Gaussian-like expressions, corresponding to two different electronic transitions, having similar energies but different widths. The energies and band strengths of these two transitions compare favorably with previous ab initio calculations. The cross sections of ClOOCl at wavelengths longer than 300 nm are significantly lower than all previous measurements or estimates. These low cross sections in the photolytically active region of the solar spectrum result in a rate of photolysis of ClOOCl in the stratosphere that is much lower than currently recommended. For conditions representative of the polar vortex (solar zenith angle of 86 degrees, 20 km altitude, and O3 and temperature profiles measured in March 2000) calculated photolysis rates are a factor of 6 lower than the current JPL/NASA recommendation. This large discrepancy calls into question the completeness of present atmospheric models of polar ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D Pope
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Guo J, Watkins MJ, Müller-Dethlefs K, Dessent CE. Microsolvation of the chlorine oxide anion and chlorine oxide radical: Structures and energetics of the ClO−·(H2O)n and ClO·(H2O)nn=1–4 clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gálvez O, Zoermer A, Grothe H. Theoretical Study on the Structure of the BrO Hydrates. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8818-25. [PMID: 16836445 DOI: 10.1021/jp062048q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hydrates of bromine monoxide, BrO(H2O)n, n = 1-4, have been studied by means of ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. These systems could be formed in the troposphere and participate in chemical reactions involved in the depletion of ozone. Several conformations are obtained and discussed for each of the hydrates mentioned. Two rather different intermolecular interactions are found, namely, conventional hydrogen bonding and Br...O associations. In contrast with a more traditional point of view in which hydrogen bonds could be assumed as the preferential interaction for the formation of these complexes, it is the Br...O association which yields the most stable conformations. Equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and relative energies have been calculated for the bromine monoxide hydrates for the first time. The theoretical binding energies indicate that the stabilization of the hydrates increases with the number of water molecules added. Cooperative effects are suggested to play a significant role in this stabilization. An analysis of relevant properties depending on the electron density in the bond critical points of the Br...O associations has been done for the first time, showing characteristic features of this interaction in comparison with the hydrogen bonds formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gálvez
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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