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Wong C, Liu S, Nizkorodov SA. Highly Acidic Conditions Drastically Alter the Chemical Composition and Absorption Coefficient of α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2983-2994. [PMID: 36561193 PMCID: PMC9762236 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA), formed through the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can reside in the atmosphere for many days. The formation of SOA takes place rapidly within hours after VOC emissions, but SOA can undergo much slower physical and chemical processes throughout their lifetime in the atmosphere. The acidity of atmospheric aerosols spans a wide range, with the most acidic particles having negative pH values, which can promote acid-catalyzed reactions. The goal of this work is to elucidate poorly understood mechanisms and rates of acid-catalyzed aging of mixtures of representative SOA compounds. SOA were generated by the ozonolysis of α-pinene in a continuous flow reactor and then collected using a foil substrate. SOA samples were extracted and aged by exposure to varying concentrations of aqueous H2SO4 for 1-2 days. Chemical analysis of fresh and aged samples was conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array spectrophotomety and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, UV-vis spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry were used to examine the changes in optical properties before and after aging. We observed that SOA that aged in moderately acidic conditions (pH from 0 to 4) experienced small changes in composition, while SOA that aged in a highly acidic environment (pH from -1 to 0) experienced more dramatic changes in composition, including the formation of compounds containing sulfur. Additionally, at highly acidic conditions, light-absorbing and fluorescent compounds appeared, but their identities could not be ascertained due to their small relative abundance. This study shows that acidity is a major driver of SOA aging, resulting in a large change in the chemical composition and optical properties of aerosols in regions where high concentrations of H2SO4 persist, such as upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
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Tilgner A, Schaefer T, Alexander B, Barth M, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Nenes A, Pye HOT, Herrmann H, McNeill VF. Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021. [PMID: 34675968 PMCID: PMC8525431 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of aqueous atmospheric solutions is a key parameter driving both the partitioning of semi-volatile acidic and basic trace gases and their aqueous-phase chemistry. In addition, the acidity of atmospheric aqueous phases, e.g., deliquesced aerosol particles, cloud, and fog droplets, is also dictated by aqueous-phase chemistry. These feedbacks between acidity and chemistry have crucial implications for the tropospheric lifetime of air pollutants, atmospheric composition, deposition to terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, visibility, climate, and human health. Atmospheric research has made substantial progress in understanding feedbacks between acidity and multiphase chemistry during recent decades. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on these feedbacks with a focus on aerosol and cloud systems, which involve both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Here, we describe the impacts of acidity on the phase partitioning of acidic and basic gases and buffering phenomena. Next, we review feedbacks of different acidity regimes on key chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics, as well as uncertainties and chemical subsystems with incomplete information. Finally, we discuss atmospheric implications and highlight the need for future investigations, particularly with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world, and the need for advancements in field and laboratory measurements and model tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary Barth
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Aiona PK, Lee HJ, Lin P, Heller F, Laskin A, Laskin J, Nizkorodov SA. A Role for 2-Methyl Pyrrole in the Browning of 4-Oxopentanal and Limonene Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11048-11056. [PMID: 28858499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of ammonia or ammonium sulfate (AS) with carbonyls in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced from limonene are known to form brown carbon (BrC) with a distinctive absorption band at 505 nm. This study examined the browning processes in aqueous solutions of AS and 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), which has a 1,4-dicarbonyl structural motif present in many limonene SOA compounds. Aqueous reactions of 4-OPA with AS were found to produce 2-methyl pyrrole (2-MP), which was detected by gas chromatography. While 2-MP does not absorb visible radiation, it can further react with 4-OPA eventually forming BrC compounds. This was demonstrated by reacting 2-MP with 4-OPA or limonene SOA, both of which produced BrC with absorption bands at 475 and 505 nm, respectively. The formation of BrC in the reaction of 4-OPA with AS and ammonium nitrate was greatly accelerated by evaporation of the solution suggesting an important role of the dehydration processes in BrC formation. 4-OPA was also found to produce BrC in aqueous reactions with a broad spectrum of amino acids and amines. These results suggest that 4-OPA may be the smallest atmospherically relevant compound capable of browning by the same mechanism as limonene SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Aiona
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Forrest Heller
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Energy and Environment Directorate, , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Kampf CJ, Filippi A, Zuth C, Hoffmann T, Opatz T. Secondary brown carbon formation via the dicarbonyl imine pathway: nitrogen heterocycle formation and synergistic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18353-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We observe nitrogen heterocycles to be common secondary brown carbon chromophores formed by dicarbonylsviathe imine pathway, and synergistic effects in mixed dicarbonyl reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Kampf
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Abteilung für Multiphasenchemie
| | - A. Filippi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Abteilung für Multiphasenchemie
| | - C. Zuth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - T. Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - T. Opatz
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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Mei J, Mao J, Chen Z, Yuan S, Li H, Yin H. Mechanism and kinetics of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone formation from formaldehyde and acetone under supercritical conditions and in high-temperature liquid-phase. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Wren SN, Gordon BP, Valley NA, McWilliams LE, Richmond GL. Hydration, Orientation, and Conformation of Methylglyoxal at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6391-403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi N. Wren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Brittany P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Valley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Laura E. McWilliams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Sassine M, Picquet-Varrault B, Perraudin E, Chiappini L, Doussin JF, George C. A new device for formaldehyde and total aldehydes real-time monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:1258-1269. [PMID: 23892614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new sensitive technique for the quantification of formaldehyde (HCHO) and total aldehydes has been developed in order to monitor these compounds, which are known to be involved in air quality issues and to have health impacts. Our approach is based on a colorimetric method where aldehydes are initially stripped from the air into a scrubbing solution by means of a turning coil sampler tube and then derivatised with 3-methylbenzothiazolinone-2-hydrazone in acid media (pH = -0.5). Hence, colourless aldehydes are transformed into blue dyes that are detected by UV-visible spectroscopy at 630 nm. Liquid core waveguide LCW Teflon® AF-2400 tube was used as innovative optical cells providing a HCHO detection limit of 4 pptv for 100 cm optical path with a time resolution of 15 min. This instrument showed good correlation with commonly used techniques for aldehydes analysis such as DNPH derivatisation chromatographic techniques with off-line and on-line samplers, and DOAS techniques (with deviation below 6%) for both indoor and outdoor conditions. This instrument is associated with simplicity and low cost, which is a prerequisite for indoor monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sassine
- Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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10
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Flores JM, Washenfelder RA, Adler G, Lee HJ, Segev L, Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA, Brown SS, Rudich Y. Complex refractive indices in the near-ultraviolet spectral region of biogenic secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10629-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Distribution of the number of N atoms and the change in the complex refractive index of unreacted and NH3-aged limonene SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - R. A. Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
- University of Colorado
- Boulder, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Earth System Research Laboratory
| | - G. Adler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - H. J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine, USA
| | - L. Segev
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - A. Laskin
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | | | - S. S. Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Earth System Research Laboratory
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Boulder, USA
| | - Y. Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Bromberg L, Su X, Hatton TA. Heteropolyacid-functionalized aluminum 2-aminoterephthalate metal-organic frameworks as reactive aldehyde sorbents and catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5468-5477. [PMID: 23673368 DOI: 10.1021/am400494y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials based on aluminum(III) 2-aminoterephthalate metal organic frameworks (MOFs NH2MIL101(Al) and NH2MIL53(Al)) and their composites with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were studied as sorbents of saturated vapors of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and butyraldehyde. MOF functionalization by PTA impregnation from aqueous/methanol solutions resulted in MOF with the original crystal topology with the presence of an ordered PTA phase in the MOF/PTA composite. The MOF/PTA composites contained 29-32 wt % PTA and were stable against loss of PTA through leaching to the aqueous/organic solvent solutions. The MOF and MOF/PTA materials exhibited equilibrium uptake of acetaldehyde from its saturated vapor phase exceeding 50 and 600 wt %, respectively, at 25 °C. The acetaldehyde vapor uptake occurs through the vapor condensation, pore-filling mechanism with simultaneous conversion of acetaldehyde to crotonaldehyde and higher-molecular-weight compounds resulting from repeated aldol condensation. The products of aldehyde condensation and polymerization were identified by MALDI-TOF and electrospray mass spectrometry. The kinetics of the MOF- and MOF/PTA-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetaldehyde were studied in water-acetonitrile mixtures. The aldol condensation kinetics in MOF suspensions were rapid and pseudo-first-order. The apparent second-order rate constants for the aldol condensation catalyzed by MOF/PTA were estimated to be 5 × 10(-4) to 1.5 × 10(-3) M(-1)s(-1), which are higher than those reported in the case of homogeneous catalysis by amino acids or sulfuric acid. MOF and MOF/PTA materials are efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the aldehyde self-condensation in aqueous-organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Zhao Y, Kreisberg NM, Worton DR, Isaacman G, Weber RJ, Liu S, Day DA, Russell LM, Markovic MZ, VandenBoer TC, Murphy JG, Hering SV, Goldstein AH. Insights into secondary organic aerosol formation mechanisms from measured gas/particle partitioning of specific organic tracer compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3781-3787. [PMID: 23448102 DOI: 10.1021/es304587x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In situ measurements of organic compounds in both gas and particle phases were made with a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (TAG) instrument. The gas/particle partitioning of phthalic acid, pinonaldehyde, and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone is discussed in detail to explore secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mechanisms. Measured fractions in the particle phase (f(part)) of 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone were similar to those expected from the absorptive gas/particle partitioning theory, suggesting that its partitioning is dominated by absorption processes. However, f(part) of phthalic acid and pinonaldehyde were substantially higher than predicted. The formation of low-volatility products from reactions of phthalic acid with ammonia is proposed as one possible mechanism to explain the high f(part) of phthalic acid. The observations of particle-phase pinonaldehyde when inorganic acids were fully neutralized indicate that inorganic acids are not required for the occurrence of reactive uptake of pinonaldehyde on particles. The observed relationship between f(part) of pinonaldehyde and relative humidity suggests that the aerosol water plays a significant role in the formation of particle-phase pinonaldehyde. Our results clearly show it is necessary to include multiple gas/particle partitioning pathways in models to predict SOA and multiple SOA tracers in source apportionment models to reconstruct SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Nguyen TB, Laskin A, Laskin J, Nizkorodov SA. Brown carbon formation from ketoaldehydes of biogenic monoterpenes. Faraday Discuss 2013; 165:473-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nguyen TB, Lee PB, Updyke KM, Bones DL, Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA. Formation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing light-absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary organic aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Xu Z, Liu Z, Ge M, Wang W. Uptake kinetics of 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol into sulfuric acid solutions. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Franken B, Eggert T, Jaeger KE, Pohl M. Mechanism of acetaldehyde-induced deactivation of microbial lipases. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:10. [PMID: 21342514 PMCID: PMC3049140 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Microbial lipases represent the most important class of biocatalysts used for a wealth of applications in organic synthesis. An often applied reaction is the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of vinyl esters and alcohols resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde which is known to deactivate microbial lipases, presumably by structural changes caused by initial Schiff-base formation at solvent accessible lysine residues. Previous studies showed that several lipases were sensitive toward acetaldehyde deactivation whereas others were insensitive; however, a general explanation of the acetaldehyde-induced inactivation mechanism is missing. Results Based on five microbial lipases from Candida rugosa, Rhizopus oryzae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis we demonstrate that the protonation state of lysine ε-amino groups is decisive for their sensitivity toward acetaldehyde. Analysis of the diverse modification products of Bacillus subtilis lipases in the presence of acetaldehyde revealed several stable products such as α,β-unsaturated polyenals, which result from base and/or amino acid catalyzed aldol condensation of acetaldehyde. Our studies indicate that these products induce the formation of stable Michael-adducts at solvent-accessible amino acids and thus lead to enzyme deactivation. Further, our results indicate Schiff-base formation with acetaldehyde to be involved in crosslinking of lipase molecules. Conclusions Differences in stability observed with various commercially available microbial lipases most probably result from different purification procedures carried out by the respective manufacturers. We observed that the pH of the buffer used prior to lyophilization of the enzyme sample is of utmost importance. The mechanism of acetaldehyde-induced deactivation of microbial lipases involves the generation of α,β-unsaturated polyenals from acetaldehyde which subsequently form stable Michael-adducts with the enzymes. Lyophilization of the enzymes from buffer at pH 6.0 can provide an easy and effective way to stabilize lipases toward inactivation by acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Franken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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Liu Z, Ge M, Wang W, Yin S, Tong S. The uptake of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol into aqueous mixed solutions of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2069-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Liu Z, Ge M, Yin S, Wang W. Uptake and reaction kinetics of α-pinene and β-pinene with sulfuric acid solutions. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Nozière B, Dziedzic P, Córdova A. Inorganic ammonium salts and carbonate salts are efficient catalysts for aldol condensation in atmospheric aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3864-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b924443c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Petitjean M, Mirabel P, Calvé SL. Uptake Measurements of Acetaldehyde on Solid Ice Surfaces and on Solid/Liquid Supercooled Mixtures Doped with HNO3in the Temperature Range 203−253 K. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5091-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Petitjean
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Ph. Mirabel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - S. Le Calvé
- Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC, UMR 7515 CNRS/UDS), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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21
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Nozière B, Dziedzic P, Córdova A. Products and Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Reaction of Glyoxal Catalyzed by Ammonium Ions (NH4+). J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:231-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8078293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- Departments of Applied Environmental Sciences and Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Dziedzic
- Departments of Applied Environmental Sciences and Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Departments of Applied Environmental Sciences and Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Li YJ, Lee AKY, Lau APS, Chan CK. Accretion reactions of octanal catalyzed by sulfuric acid: product identification, reaction pathways, and atmospheric implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7138-7145. [PMID: 18939538 DOI: 10.1021/es7031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric accretion reactions of octanal with sulfuric acid as a catalyst were investigated in bulk liquid-liquid experiments and gas-particle experiments. In bulk studies, trioxane, alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, and trialkyl benzene were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as major reaction products with increasing sulfuric acid concentrations (0-86 wt%). Cyclotrimerization and one or multiple steps of aldol condensation are proposed as possible accretion reaction pathways. High molecular weight (up to 700 Da) oligomers were also observed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in reactions under extremely high acid concentration conditions (86 wt%). Gas-particle experiments using a reaction cell were carried out using both high (approximately 20 ppmv) and low (approximately 900 ppbv) gas-phase octanal concentrations under a wide range of relative humidity (RH, from < 1% to 50%, corresponding to > 80 wt% to 43 wt% H2SO4) and long reaction durations (24 h). One or multiple steps of aldol condensation occurred under low RH (< 1% and 10%, > 80 wt% and 64 wt% H2SO4, respectively) and high octanal concentration (approximately 20 ppmv) conditions. No cyclotrimerization was observed in the gas-particle experiments even under RH conditions corresponding to similar sulfuric acid concentration conditions that favor cyclotrimerization in bulk studies. No accretion reaction product was found in the low octanal concentration (approximately 900 ppbv) experiments, which indicates that the accretion reactions are not significant as expected when the gas-phase octanal concentration is low. A kinetic analysis of the first-step aldol condensation product was performed to understand the discrepancies between the bulk and gas-particle experiments and between the high and low octanal concentrations in the gas-particle experiments. The comparisons between experimental results and kinetic estimations suggest that caution should be exercised in the extrapolation of laboratory experiment results to ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jie Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Insitute for the Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Nozière B, Córdova A. A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Amino Acid Catalyzed Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde in Aqueous and Salt Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:2827-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7096845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- Department of Meteorology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Meteorology and Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Ervens B, Kreidenweis SM. SOA formation by biogenic and carbonyl compounds: data evaluation and application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:3904-10. [PMID: 17612167 DOI: 10.1021/es061946x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols affects the physical and chemical properties of the particles and their role in the climate system. Current models greatly underpredict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. Based on a compilation of literature studies that address SOA formation, we discuss different parameters that affect the SOA formation efficiency of biogenic compounds (alpha-pinene, isoprene) and aliphatic aldehydes (glyoxal, hexanal, octanal, hexadienal). Applying a simple model, we find that the estimated SOA mass after one week of aerosol processing under typical atmospheric conditions is increased by a few microg m(-3) (low NO(x) conditions). Acid-catalyzed reactions can create > 50% more SOA mass than processes under neutral conditions; however, other parameters such as the concentration ratio of organics/NO(x), relative humidity, and absorbing mass are more significant. The assumption of irreversible SOA formation not limited by equilibrium in the particle phase or by depletion of the precursor leads to unrealistically high SOA masses for some of the assumptions we made (surface vs volume controlled processes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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Mitchem L, Buajarern J, Hopkins RJ, Ward AD, Gilham RJJ, Johnston RL, Reid JP. Spectroscopy of Growing and Evaporating Water Droplets: Exploring the Variation in Equilibrium Droplet Size with Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8116-25. [PMID: 16805498 DOI: 10.1021/jp061135f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the thermodynamic properties of a single liquid aerosol droplet can be explored through the combination of a single-beam gradient force optical trap with Raman spectroscopy. A single aqueous droplet, 2-6 microm in radius, can be trapped in air indefinitely and the response of the particle to variations in relative humidity investigated. The Raman spectrum provides a unique fingerprint of droplet composition, temperature, and size. Spontaneous Raman scattering is shown to be consistent with that from a bulk phase sample, with the shape of the OH stretching band dependent on the concentration of sodium chloride in the aqueous phase and on the polarization of the scattered light. Stimulated Raman scattering at wavelengths commensurate with whispering gallery modes is demonstrated to provide a method for determining the size of the trapped droplet with nanometer precision and with a time resolution of 1 s. The polarization dependence of the stimulated scatter is consistent with the dependence observed for the spontaneous scatter from the droplet. By characterizing the spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering from the droplet, we demonstrate that it is possible to measure the equilibrium size and composition of an aqueous droplet with variation in relative humidity. For this benchmark study we investigate the variation in equilibrium size with relative humidity for a simple binary sodium chloride/aqueous aerosol, a typical representative inorganic/aqueous aerosol that has been studied extensively in the literature. The measured equilibrium sizes are shown to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of Köhler theory. We suggest that this approach could provide an important new strategy for characterizing the thermodynamic properties and kinetics of transformation of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitchem
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Nozière B, Voisin D, Longfellow CA, Friedli H, Henry BE, Hanson DR. The Uptake of Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Methacrolein, and 2-Methyl-3-butene-2-ol onto Sulfuric Acid Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2387-95. [PMID: 16480298 DOI: 10.1021/jp0555899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the link between molecular structure, reactivity, and partitioning of oxygenated organic compounds in acidic aerosols, the uptake of three compounds found in the atmosphere, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO), by sulfuric acid solutions has been measured using a rotated wetted-wall reactor (RWW) coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). MVK was found to partition reversibly into 20-75 wt % H(2)SO(4) solutions, and we report Henry's law coefficients between 20 and 7000 M atm(-1) over this range. A chemical reaction for MVK was likely responsible for the uptake observed for 80-96 wt % H(2)SO(4) solutions. We derive an upper limit to the aldol self-reaction rate coefficient for MVK in 80 wt % solution of approximately 3 M(-1) s(-1). MACR partitioned reversibly over most of the acidity range, and in contrast to that for MVK, the Henry's law coefficient was relatively independent of H(2)SO(4) content. These differences indicate that the increase of the coefficient with acidity is likely due to the ability of the carbonyl molecule to form an enol. These results indicate that aldol condensation can be facile in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions, but it should be negligibly slow in dilute acid solutions such as tropospheric aerosols. MBO uptake could be explained by a Henry's law coefficient that decreases slightly as acid content varies from 20 to 55 wt % H(2)SO(4); we also measured the value in water, 70 M atm(-1) at 298 K. A steady-state uptake of MBO was observed onto 40-80 wt % H(2)SO(4) solutions, a reaction product was observed, and the reaction was tentatively identified as Pinacol rearrangement. Similar rearrangements could be at the origin of some substituted oxygenated species found in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
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Kroll JH, Ng NL, Murphy SM, Varutbangkul V, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Chamber studies of secondary organic aerosol growth by reactive uptake of simple carbonyl compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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