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Zhao K, Liu Q, Yao L, Değer C, Shen J, Zhang X, Shi P, Tian Y, Luo Y, Xu J, Zhou J, Jin D, Wang S, Fan W, Zhang S, Chu S, Wang X, Tian L, Liu R, Zhang L, Yavuz I, Wang HF, Yang D, Wang R, Xue J. peri-Fused polyaromatic molecular contacts for perovskite solar cells. Nature 2024; 632:301-306. [PMID: 39048825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Molecule-based selective contacts have become a crucial component to ensure high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells1-5. These molecules always consist of a conjugated core with heteroatom substitution to render the desirable carrier-transport capability6-9. So far, the design of successful conjugation cores has been limited to two N-substituted π-conjugated structures, carbazole and triphenylamine, with molecular optimization evolving around their derivatives2,5,10-12. However, further improvement of the device longevity has been hampered by the concomitant limitations of the molecular stability induced by such heteroatom-substituted structures13,14. A more robust molecular contact without sacrificing the electronic properties is in urgent demand, but remains a challenge. Here we report a peri-fused polyaromatic core structure without heteroatom substitution that yields superior carrier transport and selectivity over conventional heteroatom-substituted core structures. This core structure produced a relatively chemically inert and structurally rigid molecular contact, which considerably improved the performance of perovskite solar cells in terms of both efficiency and durability. The champion device showed an efficiency up to 26.1% with greatly improved longevity under different accelerated-ageing tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libing Yao
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caner Değer
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jiahui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donger Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Chu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuwen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Low-Carbon Biosynthesis, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, China.
- Shangyu Institute of Semiconductor Materials, Shaoxing, China.
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2
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Kumar G, Chung PW. Selective Phonon Stimulation Mechanism to Tune Thermal Transport. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12787-12794. [PMID: 35474781 PMCID: PMC9026079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we determine the degree to which changes can be induced in the equilibrium thermal diffusivity and conductivity of a material via a selective nonequilibrium infrared stimulation mechanism for phonons. Using the molecular crystal RDX, we use detailed momentum-dependent coupling information across the entire Brillouin zone and the phonon gas model to show that stimulating selected modes in the spectrum of a target material can induce substantial changes in the overall thermal transport properties. Specifically in the case of RDX, stimulating modes at ∼22.74 cm-1 over a linewidth of 1 cm-1 can lead to enhanced scattering rates that reduce the overall thermal diffusivity and conductivity by 15.58 and 12.46%, respectively, from their equilibrium values. Due to the rich spectral content in the materials, however, stimulating modes near ∼1140.67 cm-1 over a similar bandwidth can produce an increase in the thermal diffusivity and conductivity by 55.73 and 144.07%, respectively. The large changes suggest a mechanism to evoke substantially modulated thermal transport properties through light-matter interaction.
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3
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Long Y, Chen J. Theoretical Study of the Phonon Scattering Probabilities and Thermodynamic Properties for Vacancy in Explosive. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Long
- Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009 Beijing 100088
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009 Beijing 100088
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871
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4
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Cole-Filipiak NC, Knepper R, Wood M, Ramasesha K. Mode-Selective Vibrational Energy Transfer Dynamics in 1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7788-7802. [PMID: 34464533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of inter- and intramolecular vibrations plays a critical role in initiating chemistry during the shock-to-detonation transition in energetic materials. Herein, we report on the subpicosecond to subnanosecond vibrational energy transfer (VET) dynamics of the solid energetic material 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by using broadband, ultrafast infrared transient absorption spectroscopy. Experiments reveal VET occurring on three distinct time scales: subpicosecond, 5 ps, and 200 ps. The ultrafast appearance of signal at all probed modes in the mid-infrared suggests strong anharmonic coupling of all vibrations in the solid, whereas the long-lived evolution demonstrates that VET is incomplete, and thus thermal equilibrium is not attained, even on the 100 ps time scale. Density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations provide valuable insights into the experimental observations, revealing compression-insensitive time scales for the initial VET dynamics of high-frequency vibrations and drastically extended relaxation times for low-frequency phonon modes under lattice compression. Mode selectivity of the longest dynamics suggests coupling of the N-N and axial NO2 stretching modes with the long-lived, excited phonon bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Cole-Filipiak
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Robert Knepper
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mitchell Wood
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Krupa Ramasesha
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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5
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Kumar G, VanGessel FG, Munday LB, Chung PW. 3-Phonon Scattering Pathways for Vibrational Energy Transfer in Crystalline RDX. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7723-7734. [PMID: 34338515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A long-held belief is that shock energy induces initiation of an energetic material through an energy up-pumping mechanism involving phonon scattering through doorway modes. In this paper, a Fermi's golden rule-based 3-phonon theoretical analysis of energy up-pumping in RDX is presented that considers possible doorway pathways through which energy transfer occurs. On average, modes with frequencies up to 102 cm-1 scatter quickly and transfer over 99% of the vibrational energy to other low-frequency modes up to 102 cm-1 within 0.16 ps. These low-frequency modes scatter less than 0.5% of the vibrational energy directly to modes with significant nitrogen-nitrogen (NN) activity. The midfrequency modes from 102 to 1331 cm-1 further up-pump the energy to these modes within 5.6 ps. The highest-frequency modes scatter and redistribute a small fraction of the vibrational energy to all other modes, which last over 2000 ps. The midfrequency modes between 457 and 462 cm-1 and between 831 and 1331 cm-1 are the most critical for vibrational heating of the NN modes and phenomena, leading to initiation in energetics. In contrast, modes stimulated by the shock with frequencies up to 102 cm-1 dominate vibrational cooling of the NN modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Engineering Concepts Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, United States
| | - Francis G VanGessel
- US Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Division, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Lynn B Munday
- Idaho National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Peter W Chung
- Center for Engineering Concepts Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, United States
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6
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Michalchuk AAL, Hemingway J, Morrison CA. Predicting the impact sensitivities of energetic materials through zone-center phonon up-pumping. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064105. [PMID: 33588542 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new energetic materials (EMs) is accompanied by significant hazards, prompting interest in their computational design. Before reliable in silico design strategies can be realized, however, approaches to understand and predict EM response to mechanical impact must be developed. We present here a fully ab initio model based on phonon up-pumping that successfully ranks the relative impact sensitivity of a series of organic EMs. The methodology depends only on the crystallographic unit cell and Brillouin zone center vibrational frequencies. We, therefore, expect this approach to become an integral tool in the large-scale screening of potential EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Hemingway
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A Morrison
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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7
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Cole-Filipiak NC, Knepper R, Wood M, Ramasesha K. Sub-picosecond to Sub-nanosecond Vibrational Energy Transfer Dynamics in Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6664-6669. [PMID: 32787226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The time scale associated with shock-induced detonation is a key property of energetic materials that remains poorly understood. Herein, we test aspects of one potential mechanism, the phonon up-pumping mechanism, where shock compression excites lattice phonon modes, transferring energy to intramolecular vibrations leading to chemical bond cleavage and reaction. Using ultrafast infrared pump-probe spectroscopy on pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), we reveal sub-picosecond vibrational energy transfer (VET) from the photoexcited band at 1660 cm-1 into every other infrared-active mode in the probed frequency range 800-1800 cm-1. Energy transfer processes remain incomplete at 150 ps. Computational predictions from density functional theory are used in tandem to elucidate VET pathways in PETN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Cole-Filipiak
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Robert Knepper
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mitchell Wood
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Krupa Ramasesha
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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8
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Joshi K, Losada M, Chaudhuri S. Intermolecular Energy Transfer Dynamics at a Hot-Spot Interface in RDX Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:477-89. [PMID: 26741283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phonon mediated vibrational up-pumping mechanisms assume an intact lattice and climbing of a vibrational ladder using strongly correlated multiphonon dynamics under equilibrium or near-equilibrium conditions. Important dynamic processes far from-equilibrium in regions of large temperature gradient after the onset of decomposition reactions in energetic solids are relatively unknown. In this work, we present a classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation-based study of such processes using a nonreactive and a reactive potential to study a fully reacted and unreacted zone in RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazocyclohexane) crystal under nonequilibrium conditions. The energy transfer rate is evaluated as a function of temperature difference between the reacted and unreacted regions, and for different widths and cross-sectional area of unreacted RDX layers. Vibrational up-pumping processes probed using velocity autocorrelation functions indicate that the mechanisms at high-temperature interfaces are quite different from the standard phonon-based models proposed in current literature. In particular, the up-pumping of high-frequency vibrations are seen in the presence of small molecule collisions at the hot-spot interface with strong contributions from bending modes. It also explains some major difference in the order of decomposition of C-N and N-N bonds as seen in recent literature on initiation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Joshi
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Martin Losada
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Washington State University , Spokane, Washington 99210-1495, United States
| | - Santanu Chaudhuri
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
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9
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Bolotina NB, Pinkerton AA. Temperature dependence of thermal expansion tensors of energetic materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Unit-cell values as well as thermal expansion tensors for 13 energetic materials are calculated from variable-temperature X-ray diffraction data. The thermal expansion tensors and their temperature dependence are reported numerically, algebraically and graphically.
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10
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Wood MA, van Duin ACT, Strachan A. Coupled Thermal and Electromagnetic Induced Decomposition in the Molecular Explosive αHMX; A Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:885-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406248m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Wood
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck
Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adri C. T. van Duin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck
Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Vikram K, Nandi R, Singh RK. Low temperature Raman study of a liquid crystalline system 4-decyloxy benzoic acid (4DBA). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 112:377-383. [PMID: 23686092 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Raman spectra of a liquid crystalline system, 4-Decyloxy benzoic acid (4DBA) have been recorded at different temperatures within the interval 300-78 K in order to identify the structural changes in crystalline state of a nematogen and to understand the molecular alignment therein. The earlier predicted dimer structure of 4DBA was optimized with DFT method and the theoretical Raman spectra of dimer as well as monomer have been calculated for comparison with the experimental spectra. The mode specific quartic coupling coefficient; A(i,ω) and phonon frequency; ωi have been calculated using temperature dependent anharmonic perturbation theory. The precise band shape analysis of Raman bands at ~807, ~881, ~1255, ~1282, ~1436, ~1576, ~1604, ~2881 and ~3081cm(-1) gives signature of temperature induced slow crystal modification. The structural changes leading to crystal modification have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vikram
- Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630 006, India
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12
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Dračínský M, Procházková E, Kessler J, Šebestík J, Matějka P, Bouř P. Resolution of Organic Polymorphic Crystals by Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7297-307. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404382f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences,
Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences,
Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences,
Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Šebestík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences,
Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějka
- Department of Physical
Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences,
Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Chellappa RS, Dattelbaum DM, Velisavljevic N, Sheffield S. The phase diagram of ammonium nitrate. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4733330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Carter JA, Zaug JM, Nelson AJ, Armstrong MR, Manaa MR. Ultrafast Shock Compression and Shock-Induced Decomposition of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Subjected to a Subnanosecond-Duration Shock: An Analysis of Decomposition Products. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4851-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp301771y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Carter
- Chemical
Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore,
California 94550, United States
| | - Joseph M. Zaug
- Chemical
Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore,
California 94550, United States
| | - A. J. Nelson
- Chemical
Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore,
California 94550, United States
| | - Michael R. Armstrong
- Chemical
Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore,
California 94550, United States
| | - M. Riad Manaa
- Chemical
Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboatory, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore,
California 94550, United States
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15
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Schatschneider B, Chronister EL. Temperature dependent vibrational dynamics in crystalline para-terphenyl under high pressure. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Whitley VH, Hooks DE, Ramos KJ, Pierce TH, O’Hara JF, Azad AK, Taylor AJ, Barber J, Averitt RD. Orientation Dependent Far-Infrared Terahertz Absorptions in Single Crystal Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:439-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Barber
- Battelle, Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey 08234, United States
| | - Richard D. Averitt
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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17
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Shi L, Wu W, Qin G, Lü J, Chen M, Zhao G. DFT Investigation of Nuclear 14N Quadrupole Coupling Constants for Four HMX Polymorphs. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Tuschel DD, Mikhonin AV, Lemoff BE, Asher SA. Deep ultraviolet resonance Raman excitation enables explosives detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:425-432. [PMID: 20412628 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measured the 229 nm absolute ultraviolet (UV) Raman cross-sections of the explosives trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (RDX), the chemically related nitroamine explosive HMX, and ammonium nitrate in solution. The 229 nm Raman cross-sections are 1000-fold greater than those excited in the near-infrared and visible spectral regions. Deep UV resonance Raman spectroscopy enables detection of explosives at parts-per-billion (ppb) concentrations and may prove useful for stand-off spectroscopic detection of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Tuschel
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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19
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Rai N, Bhatt D, Siepmann JI, Fried LE. Monte Carlo simulations of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB): Pressure and temperature effects for the solid phase and vapor-liquid phase equilibria. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:194510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3006054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Velizhanin KA, Kilina S, Sewell TD, Piryatinski A. First-Principles-Based Calculations of Vibrational Normal Modes in Polyatomic Materials with Translational Symmetry: Application to PETN Molecular Crystal. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:13252-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Velizhanin
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Thomas D. Sewell
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
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Oxley J, Smith J, Brady J, Dubnikova F, Kosloff R, Zeiri L, Zeiri Y. Raman and infrared fingerprint spectroscopy of peroxide-based explosives. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:906-15. [PMID: 18702865 DOI: 10.1366/000370208785284420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of the vibrational spectroscopy of peroxide-based explosives is presented. Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethyl-enetriperoxide-diamine (HMTD), now commonly used by terrorists, are examined as well as other peroxide-ring structures: DADP (diacetone diperoxide); TPTP [3,3,6,6,9,9-Hexaethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxo-nonane (tripentanone triperoxide)]; DCypDp {6,7,13,14-Tetraoxadispiro [4.2.4.2]tetradecane (dicyclopentanone diperoxide)}; TCypDp {6,7,15,16,22,23-Hexaoxatrispiro[4.2.4.2.4.2] henicosane (tricyclopentanone triperoxide)}; DCyhDp {7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro [5.2.5.2] hexadecane (dicyclohexanone diperoxide)}; and TCyhTp {7,8,14,15,21,22-hexaoxatrispiro [5.2.5.2.5.2] tetracosane (tricyclohexanone triperoxide)}. Both Raman and infrared (IR) spectra were measured and compared to theoretical calculations. The calculated spectra were obtained by calculation of the harmonic frequencies of the studied compounds, at the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level of theory, and by the use of scaling factors. It is found that the vibrational features related to the peroxide bonds are strongly mixed. As a result, the spectrum is congested and highly sensitive to minor changes in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmie Oxley
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA.
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Holy JA. Raman Spectroscopy of Aminated and Ultrafine 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene and PBX 9502 as a Function of Pressing Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:7489-98. [PMID: 18512981 DOI: 10.1021/jp801437w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Holy
- Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Pantex, LLC, P.O. Box 30020, Amarillo, Texas 79120
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Babikov D, Zhao M. Response to “Comment on ‘Anharmonic properties of the vibrational quantum computer’ ” [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 167101 (2008)]. J Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2907733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Danecek P, Bour P. Comparison of the numerical stability of methods for anharmonic calculations of vibrational molecular energies. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:1617-24. [PMID: 17340607 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
On model examples, we compare the performance of the vibrational self-consistent field, variational, and four perturbational schemes used for computations of vibrational energies of semi-rigid molecules, with emphasis on the numerical stability. Although the accuracy of the energies is primarily dependent on the quality of the potential energy surface, approximate approaches to the anharmonic vibrational problem often do not converge to the same results due to the approximations involved. For furan, the sensitivity to variations of the anharmonic potential was systematically investigated by adding random noise to the cubic and quartic constants. The self-consistent field methods proved to be the most resistant to the potential variations. The second order perturbational techniques are sensitive to random degeneracies and provided the least stable results. However, their stability could be significantly improved by a simple generalization of the perturbational formula. The variational configuration interaction is practically limited by the size of the matrix that can be diagonalized for larger molecules; however, relatively fewer states need to be involved than for smaller ones, in favor of the computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Danecek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ye S, Koshi M. Theoretical Studies of Energy Transfer Rates of Secondary Explosives. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:18515-20. [PMID: 16970479 DOI: 10.1021/jp062815l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of shock-induced chemical reaction in secondary explosives is necessary to pursue the development and the safe use of new explosives having high performance and low sensitivity. In an effort to understand the mechanism, the energy transfer rates of such secondary explosives as PETN(I), PETN(II), delta-HMX, alpha-HMX, beta-HMX, RDX, ANTA, DMN, and NM have been evaluated based on the formula derived by Fried and Ruggiero [Fried, L. E.; Ruggiero, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 9786]. The energy transfer rates were determined in terms of the density of vibrational states and the unharmonic vibron-phonon coupling term, which were calculated by using a flexible potential containing both intra- and intermolecular terms. For the secondary explosives, a good correlation was found between the energy transfer rates and the impact sensitivity. The energy transfer rates are several times faster for the explosives with higher sensitivity such as PETN, HMX, and RDX than those with lower sensitivity such as ANTA, DMN, and NM. The calculations presented suggest the energy transfer rate in secondary explosive crystals is a significant factor in their sensitivity and introduction of double bond, or hydrogen bonds, or caged structure into secondary explosives is expected to decrease the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ye
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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