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Mechanical writing of electrical polarization in poly (L-lactic) acid. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:249-258. [PMID: 34111519 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive materials are found in a broad range of applications, from energy harvesters to biomolecular sensors. Here, we report the production of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) thin films that exhibit a mechanical stress responsive behaviour. By simply applying a mechanical stress through an AFM tip, a local electrical polarization was generated and measured by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. We showed that the magnitude of the stress generated electrical polarization can be manipulated by varying the thickness or crystallization state of the PLLA thin films. Besides exhibiting a mechanical stress-response behaviour with potential for energy harvesting and sensor applications, we show by AFM that these platforms react to mechanical forces with physiological relevance: interaction forces as low as a cell sheet migrating over a substrate or larger ones as the fluid induced stresses in bone tissue. In living tissues, as most mechanical stimuli are transduced as strain gradients for the anatomical structures, these mechanically responsive substrates can be used as ex vivo platforms to study the protein and cells response over a large range of electrical stimuli amplitude. As a proof of concept, selective adsorption of a human fibronectin was demonstrated by local patterning of the stimuli responsive PLLA films. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bioelectricity is inherent to the formation and repair of living tissues and electrical stimulation has been recognized for promoting regeneration. Given the proven beneficial effects of electric fields and the absence of a suitable method of stimulation, there is a clinical need for smart substrates, which can generate a polarization (charges) to promote tissue regeneration without the need of external devices. In this work, we report the fabrication of poly(L-lactic) acid platforms that exhibit a mechanical stress responsive behaviour when subjected to physiologically relevant forces. This behaviour can be tailored by varying the thickness or crystallization state of the PLLA films. We further demonstrate the biofunctionality of such platforms by exploiting the mechanically-induced charge for adhesion protein adsorption.
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Tribo-electrochemistry induced artificial solid electrolyte interface by self-catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7184. [PMID: 34893615 PMCID: PMC8664887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) metal is a promising alkali metal anode for its high abundance. However, dendrite on K anode is a serious problem which is even worse than Li. Artificial SEI (ASEI) is one of effective routes for suppressing dendrite. However, there are still some issues of the ASEI made by the traditional methods, e.g. weak adhesion, insufficient/uneven reaction, which deeply affects the ionic diffusion kinetics and the effect of inhibiting dendrites. Herein, through a unique self-catalysis tribo-electrochemistry reaction, a continuous and compact protective layer is successfully constructed on K metal anode in seconds. Such a continuous and compact protective layer can not only improve the K+ diffusion kinetics, but also strongly suppress K dendrite formation by its hard mechanical properties derived from rigid carbon system, as well as the improved K+ conductivity and lowered electronic conductivity from the amorphous KF. As a result, the potassium symmetric cells exhibit stable cycles last more than 1000 h, which is almost 500 times that of pristine K.
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Ke KH, Chung CK. High-Performance Al/PDMS TENG with Novel Complex Morphology of Two-Height Microneedles Array for High-Sensitivity Force-Sensor and Self-Powered Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001209. [PMID: 32583613 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely applied to self-powered devices and force sensors. TENGs consist of the electrode-layer frequently made of high-cost conductors (Ag, Au, ITO) and the tribo-layer of rigid negative-triboelectricity fluoropolymers (PTFE, FEP). The surface morpholoy is studied for enhancing performance. Here, a high-performance Al/PDMS-TENG is proposed with a complex morphology of overlapped deep two-height microneedles (OL-DTH-MN) fabricated by the integrated process of low-cost CO2 laser ablation and PDMS casting for self-powered devices and high-sensitivity force/pressure sensors. The high open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the OL-DTH-MN-TENG are 167 V and 129.3 µA. Also, the sensitivity of the force/pressure sensor of the OL-DTH-MN-TENG is very high, 1.03 V N-1 and about 3.11 V kPa-1 , at an area of 30 cm2 that is much higher than the sensitivity of about 0.18-0.414 V N-1 and 0.013-0.29 V kPa-1 of conventional TENG sensors. Meanwhile, the high-performance OL-DTH-MN-TENG not only exhibits the energy storage capability of charging a 0.1 µF capacitor to 2.75 V at 1.19 s, to maximum 3.22 V, but also activates various self-powered devices including lighting colorful 226 LEDs connected in series, the "2020-ME-NCKU" advertising board, a calculator and a temperature sensor. Numerical simulation is also performed to support the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hong Ke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Center, for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kuei Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Center, for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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An S, Sankaran A, Yarin AL. Natural Biopolymer-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Fast, Facile, Scalable Solution Blowing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37749-37759. [PMID: 30272436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated nanofiber (NF)-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) from natural biopolymers using the industrially scalable solution blowing. This technique eliminates severe restrictions on solutions to be used and allows one to achieve biocompatible devices. Here, solutions of soy protein and lignin were blown into continuous monolithic NFs of hundreds of nanometers in diameter. The technique we employed yields large-area NF mats within tens of minutes and has never been employed to form TENGs. Furthermore, in contrast to electrospun and meltblown fiber mats, solution-blown NF mats are much fluffier/porous, which is beneficial for achieving higher voltages by means of triboelectricity. In particular, triboelectricity generated by our biopolymer-based TENGs revealed that they hold great promise as sustainable and environmentally friendly self-powered devices for biomedical applications with the highest efficiency in their class. Moreover, these are the first nanotextured plant-derived biopolymer-made TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongpil An
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
| | - Abhilash Sankaran
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
| | - Alexander L Yarin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , 842 W. Taylor Street , Chicago , Illinois 60607-7022 , United States
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Yun C, Lee SH, Ryu J, Park K, Jang JW, Kwak J, Hwang S. Can Static Electricity on a Conductor Drive a Redox Reaction: Contact Electrification of Au by Polydimethylsiloxane, Charge Inversion in Water, and Redox Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14687-14695. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Jehyeok Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Kyungsoon Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juhyoun Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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Park H, LeBrun TW. Contact Electrification of Individual Dielectric Microparticles Measured by Optical Tweezers in Air. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34904-34913. [PMID: 27936542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure charging of single dielectric microparticles after interaction with a glass substrate using optical tweezers to control the particle, measure its charge with a sensitivity of a few electrons, and precisely contact the particle with the substrate. Polystyrene (PS) microparticles adhered to the substrate can be selected based on size, shape, or optical properties and repeatedly loaded into the optical trap using a piezoelectric (PZT) transducer. Separation from the substrate leads to charge transfer through contact electrification. The charge on the trapped microparticles is measured from the response of the particle motion to a step excitation of a uniform electric field. The particle is then placed onto a target location of the substrate in a controlled manner. Thus, the triboelectric charging profile of the selected PS microparticle can be measured and controlled through repeated cycles of trap loading followed by charge measurement. Reversible optical trap loading and manipulation of the selected particle leads to new capabilities to study and control successive and small changes in surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Park
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas W LeBrun
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Hiraga Y, Teramoto Y, Miyagawa N, Hoshino K. Unexpected and unusual triboelectrification behavior of polymer films containing carboxyl group. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6903-6910. [PMID: 23688040 DOI: 10.1021/la400926q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The triboelectrification behavior of polymer films when in contact with iron carrier beads was investigated using a homemade special instrument which can control relative humidity under a nitrogen atmosphere. The films showed a large humidity-dependent charging behavior; the charge amount increases with the ambient humidity in the range of a few percent RH to ca. 60% RH. This dependence is explained in terms of the model based on the water charging during the friction and the penetration of the positively charged water into the film. However, it was found that the humidity dependence is significantly depressed by the doping of carboxylic acids into the film or by the introduction of a carboxyl group in the polymer backbone. This depression is again explained by the above charged-water penetration model in which carboxylate ions trap the positively charged water on the film surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hiraga
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Burgo TAL, Ducati TRD, Francisco KR, Clinckspoor KJ, Galembeck F, Galembeck SE. Triboelectricity: macroscopic charge patterns formed by self-arraying ions on polymer surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7407-7416. [PMID: 22530971 DOI: 10.1021/la301228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tribocharged polymers display macroscopically patterned positive and negative domains, verifying the fractal geometry of electrostatic mosaics previously detected by electric probe microscopy. Excess charge on contacting polyethylene (PE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) follows the triboelectric series but with one caveat: net charge is the arithmetic sum of patterned positive and negative charges, as opposed to the usual assumption of uniform but opposite signal charging on each surface. Extraction with n-hexane preferentially removes positive charges from PTFE, while 1,1-difluoroethane and ethanol largely remove both positive and negative charges. Using suitable analytical techniques (electron energy-loss spectral imaging, infrared microspectrophotometry and carbonization/colorimetry) and theoretical calculations, the positive species were identified as hydrocarbocations and the negative species were identified as fluorocarbanions. A comprehensive model is presented for PTFE tribocharging with PE: mechanochemical chain homolytic rupture is followed by electron transfer from hydrocarbon free radicals to the more electronegative fluorocarbon radicals. Polymer ions self-assemble according to Flory-Huggins theory, thus forming the experimentally observed macroscopic patterns. These results show that tribocharging can only be understood by considering the complex chemical events triggered by mechanical action, coupled to well-established physicochemical concepts. Patterned polymers can be cut and mounted to make macroscopic electrets and multipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A L Burgo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil 13083-970
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Baytekin B, Baytekin HT, Grzybowski BA. What Really Drives Chemical Reactions on Contact Charged Surfaces? J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7223-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja300925h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - H. Tarik Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Baytekin HT, Patashinski AZ, Branicki M, Baytekin B, Soh S, Grzybowski BA. The Mosaic of Surface Charge in Contact Electrification. Science 2011; 333:308-12. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1201512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Apodaca M, Wesson P, Bishop K, Ratner M, Grzybowski B. Contact Electrification between Identical Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Apodaca M, Wesson P, Bishop K, Ratner M, Grzybowski B. Contact Electrification between Identical Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:946-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thomas S, Vella S, Kaufman G, Whitesides G. Patterns of Electrostatic Charge and Discharge in Contact Electrification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6654-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thomas S, Vella S, Kaufman G, Whitesides G. Patterns of Electrostatic Charge and Discharge in Contact Electrification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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McCarty LS, Whitesides GM. Electrostatic Charging Due to Separation of Ions at Interfaces: Contact Electrification of Ionic Electrets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2188-207. [PMID: 18270989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Logan S McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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McCarty L, Whitesides G. Elektrostatische Aufladung durch Separierung von Ionen an Grenzflächen: Kontaktelektrisierung von ionischen Elektreten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McCarty LS, Winkleman A, Whitesides GM. Ionic electrets: electrostatic charging of surfaces by transferring mobile ions upon contact. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:4075-88. [PMID: 17311380 DOI: 10.1021/ja067301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of ionic electrets-materials that bear a long-lived electrostatic charge because of an imbalance between the number of cationic and anionic charges in the material. Crosslinked polystyrene microspheres that contain covalently bound ions and mobile counterions transfer some of their mobile ions in air, in the absence of bulk liquid, to another material upon contact. According to the ion-transfer model of contact electrification, this selective transfer of mobile ions yields microspheres that have a net electrostatic charge. A tool that operates on the principle of electrostatic induction measures the charge on individual microspheres (50-450 microm in diameter). Microspheres with a variety of covalently bound ionic functional groups (tetraalkylammonium, alkyltriphenylphosphonium, alkylsulfonate, and arylsulfonate) acquire charges consistent with this ion-transfer mechanism. The charge on a microsphere is proportional to its surface area (ca. 1 elementary charge per 2000 nm2) and close to the theoretical limit imposed by the dielectric breakdown of air. The charge density in an atmosphere of SF6 is more than twice that in an atmosphere of N2. These observations suggest that the charge density of these ionic electret microspheres is limited by the dielectric breakdown of the surrounding gas. Functionalizing the surfaces of glass or silicon with covalently bound ions and mobile counterions generates ionic electrets from these inorganic substrates. Soft lithography can pattern charge on a planar silicon surface (with oxide) and on the surface of 250-mum glass microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan S McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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