1
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Wang K. Cr 2 Ge n - (n = 15-20) clusters with two Cr atoms exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37083251 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of Cr2 Gen - clusters for n = 15-20 by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Low-energy structures for these clusters were fully searched through a self-developed genetic algorithm code combined with DFT calculations. The calculations show that all the two Cr atoms prefer to stay together to form a strong CrCr bond, which-except for size 20-is shorter than the nearest neighbor distance in Cr bulk. Sizes 15 and 16 adopt a wheel-like structure as the structural motif with the extra Ge atoms capped on the top, while larger sizes (n = 17-20) prefer fullerene-like Cr2 @Ge12 motifs. From the results of the average binding energies of Cr2 Gen - , one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. In these lowest-lying isomers except for size 16, the two Cr atoms contribute opposite magnetic moments for the total magnetic moments of 1 μB , showing an antiferromagnetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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2
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Endohedral group-14 clusters Au@X12 (X = Ge, Sn, Pb) and their anions: a first-principles study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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3
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The influence of double lanthanide metal atoms on the stability of germanium-based clusters. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Lu J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X. First-Principles Studies of the Caged Germanium Clusters with Gold Doping and Their Adsorption on Graphdiyne Nanosheets. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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5
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Zhang JM, Wang HQ, Li HF, Xie B, Han C, Jiang LY. Insights into the structure and growth of Lu-doped germanium clusters: comparing density functional theory calculations with photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Zhang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Ying Jiang
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Liu D, Xu S, Pei G, Xu J, Zhao X, Kong C, Yang Z, Yang T. Geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of endohedral Group-14 Zintl clusters TM@E 10 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni; E = Ge, Sn, Pb). J Comput Chem 2022; 43:828-838. [PMID: 35332548 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The geometries, electronic structures, and bonding properties of the title endohedral Zintl clusters have been studied by using ab initio calculations. [Fe@Ge10 ]4- and [Co@Ge10 ]3- have D5h -symmetric pentagonal prismatic structure and [Fe@Sn10 ]4- adopts the C2v -symmetric structure as their ground-state structures, whereas all the other clusters possess D4d bicapped square antiprismatic structures, in consistent with the experimental values when available. Natural bonding orbital and electron localization function disclosed that the negative charges are localized on the central atoms rather than the cages while the TME ionic bonding interactions increase in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb. The energy decomposition analysis revealed that the total bonding energy ∆Eint between central TM and E10 cage is above 150 kcal/mol. The ionic bonding interaction termed as electrostatic interaction ∆Eelstat increases in the order of Ge < Sn < Pb and becomes higher than the covalent bonding interactions termed as total orbital interactions ∆Eorb . Among the total orbital interactions, the π back donations from the TM-d orbitals to the empty cage orbitals consisting of E-p orbitals, the magnitude of which is importantly affected by the cage symmetry, are dominant contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gerui Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xintian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
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7
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Fan YW, Kong XY, Zhao LJ, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zhan Q, Xie B, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. A joint experimental and theoretical study on structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnGe n - (n = 3-14) clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204302. [PMID: 34241172 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic structure and property investigation of MnGen - (n = 3-14) was conducted by means of density functional theory coupled with mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. This combined theoretical and experimental study allows global minimum and coexistence structures to be identified. It is found that the pentagonal bipyramid shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of MnGen - (n = 3-10), and from n = 10, the endohedral structures can be found. For n = 12, the anion MnGe12 - cluster probably includes two isomers: a major isomer with a puckered hexagonal prism geometry and a minor isomer with a distorted icosahedron geometry. Specifically, the puckered hexagonal prism isomer follows the Wade-Mingos rules and can be suggested as a new kind of superatom with the magnetic property. Furthermore, the results of adaptive natural density partitioning and deformation density analyses suggest a polar covalent interaction between Ge and Mn for endohedral clusters of MnGe12 -. The spin density and natural population analysis indicate that MnGen - clusters have high magnetic moments localized on Mn. The density of states diagram visually shows the significant spin polarization for endohedral structures and reveals the weak interaction between the Ge 4p orbital and the 4s, 3d orbitals of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Fan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Biao Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Theoretical Study on Structural Stability, Growth Behavior and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Copper-Doped Germanium Clusters CuGen−/0 (n = 4–13). J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-01985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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10
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The effect of palladium and platinum doping on the structure, stability and optical properties of germanium clusters: DFT study of PdGen and PtGen (n = 1–20) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Lu SJ. B 3Ge 12: a aromatic molecular sandwich-shaped structure with short B−B single bonds coordinated by a Ge 12 hexagonal prism and reinforced by σ + π double delocalised bonding patterns. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1676476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Pham HT, Phan CTD, Nguyen MT, Tam NM. A remarkable mixture of germanium with phosphorus and arsenic atoms making stable pentagonal hetero-prisms [M@Ge5E5]+, E = P, As and M = Fe, Ru, Os. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19781-19789. [PMID: 35520435 PMCID: PMC9054236 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A pentagonal hetero-prismatic structural motif was found for singly transition metal doped M@Ge5E5+ clusters, where the transition metal atom is located at the centre of a (5/5) Ge5E5 prism in which Ge is mixed with either P or As atoms. Structural characterization indicates that each (5/5) Ge5E5 prism is established by joining of two Ge3E2 and Ge2E3 strings in a prismatic fashion rather than two Ge5 and E5 strings. Each string results from a remarkable mixture of Ge and E atoms and contains only one E–E connection due to the fact that Ge–E bonds are much stronger than E–E connections. From the donor–acceptor perspective, the Ge5E5 tube donates electrons to the M center, which behaves as an acceptor. NBO atomic charge and ELI_D analyses demonstrate such electrostatic interactions of the M dopant with a Ge5E5+ tube which likely induce thermodynamic stability for the resulting M@Ge5E5+ cluster. CMO analysis illustrates that the conventional 18 electron count is recovered in the M@Ge5E5+ cations. Geometric shape of the lowest-energy structure M@Ge5E5+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Cam-Tu Dang Phan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling
- Quy Nhon University
- Quy Nhon
- Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST)
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
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13
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Ogun E, Esenturk O, Esenturk EN. Optical and vibrational properties of nickel integrated germanium Zintl ion clusters. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Structure, stability, and electronic properties of niobium-germanium and tantalum-germanium clusters. J Mol Model 2019; 25:113. [PMID: 30953156 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-3988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of niobium- and tantalum-doped germanium clusters MGen (M = Nb, Ta and n = 1-19) were investigated by first principles calculations within the density functional theory (DFT) approach. Growth pattern behaviors, stabilities, and electronic properties are presented and discussed. Endohedral cage-like structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated are favored for n ≥ 10. The doping metal atom contributes largely to strengthening the stability of the germanium cage-like structures, with binding energy ordered as follows BE(Gen + 1) < BE (VGen) < BE(NbGen) < BE(TaGen). Our results highlight the relative high stability of NbGe15, TaGe15 and VGe14. Graphical abstract Structure, stability, and electronic properties of niobium-germanium and tantalum-germanium clusters.
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15
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Lu SJ, Farooq U, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of Au 2Ge n−/0 ( n=1−8) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1902036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Electronic structure and stability of anionic AuGen (n = 1–20) clusters and assemblies: a density functional modeling. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Tran VT, Tran QT. Spin State Energetics of VGe n -/0 (n = 5-7) Clusters and New Assignments of the Anion Photoelectron Spectra. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2103-2109. [PMID: 30207608 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The geometrical structures, electron leading configurations, and relative energies of the low-lying states of VGe n -/0 (n = 5-7) clusters have been investigated with density functional theory and CASSCF/CASPT2 method. The pure GGA BP86 functional gave almost the same relative energy order for the low-lying states as the CASPT2 method. At the BP86 and CASPT2 levels, the ground states of VGe n -/0 (n = 5-7) clusters were proposed to be the 1 A1 and 2 A1 of A-VGe5 -/0 , 3 A″ and 2 A″, 2 A' (2 E2 ) of A-VGe6 -/0 , and 1 A' and 2 A' of A-VGe7 -/0 isomers. The adiabatic and vertical detachment energies (ADEs and VDEs) of the detachments of one electron from several orbitals of the anionic ground states were reported at the CASPT2 level. The calculated ADEs and VDEs corresponded well with the experimental values as observed in the 266 nm anion photoelectron spectra. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Quoc Tri Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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18
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Mahtout S, Siouani C, Rabilloud F. Growth Behavior and Electronic Structure of Noble Metal-Doped Germanium Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:662-677. [PMID: 29257877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structures, energetics, and electronic properties of noble metal-doped germanium (MGen with M = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-19) clusters are systematically investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) approach. The endohedral structures in which the metal atom is encapsulated inside of a germanium cage appear at n = 10 when the dopant is Cu and n = 12 for M = Ag and Au. While Cu doping enhances the stability of the corresponding germanium frame, the binding energies of AgGen and AuGen are always lower than those of pure germanium clusters. Our results highlight the great stability of the CuGe10 cluster in a D4d structure and, to a lesser extent, that of AgGe15 and AuGe15, which exhibits a hollow cage-like geometry. The sphere-type geometries obtained for n = 10-15 present a peculiar electronic structure in which the valence electrons of the noble metal and Ge atoms are delocalized and exhibit a shell structure associated with the quasi-spherical geometry. It is found that the coinage metal is able to give both s- and d-type electrons to be reorganized together with the valence electrons of Ge atoms through a pooling of electrons. The cluster size dependence of the stability, the frontier orbital energy gap, the vertical ionization potentials, and electron affinities are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Chaouki Siouani
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Theoretical Investigation of Metallic Heterofullerenes of Silicon and Germanium Mixed with Phosphorus and Arsenic Atoms M-A8E6, A = Si, Ge; E = P, As; and M = Cr, Mo, W. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5056-5066. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Tan Pham
- Computational Chemistry
Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry
Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Cetin A, Esenturk O, Esenturk EN. Optical and Vibrational Properties of [Pt@Pb
12
]
2–
, [Ni@Pb
12
]
2–
, and [Ni@Pb
10
]
2–
Zintl Ion Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asude Cetin
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Okan Esenturk
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Emren Nalbant Esenturk
- Department of Chemistry Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Micro and Nanotechnology Program Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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21
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Siouani C, Mahtout S, Safer S, Rabilloud F. Structure, Stability, and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of VGe n (n = 1-19) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3540-3554. [PMID: 28415843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically study the equilibrium geometries and electronic and magnetic properties of Gen+1 and VGen (n = 1-19) clusters using the density functional theory approach within the generalized gradient approximation. Endohedral structures in which the vanadium atom is encapsulated inside a Gen cage are predicted to be favored for n ≥ 10. The dopant V atom in the Gen clusters has not an immediate effect on the stability of small germanium clusters (n < 6), but it largely contributes to strengthen the stability for n ≥ 7. Our study enhances the large stability of the VGe14 cluster, which presents an Oh symmetry cagelike geometry and a peculiar electronic structure in which the valence electrons of V and Ge atoms are delocalized and exhibit a shell structure associated with the quasi-spherical geometry. Consequently, this cluster is proposed to be a good candidate to be used as the building blocks for developing new materials. The cluster size dependence of the stability, the vertical ionization potentials, and electron affinities of Gen+1 and VGen are presented. Magnetic properties and the partial density of states of the most stable VGen clusters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siouani
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - S Mahtout
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - S Safer
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - F Rabilloud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière , F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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22
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Calculations of TiGen− (n=7–12) Clusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1511232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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23
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Growth behavior and electronic structure of neutral and anion ZrGe n ( n = 1–21) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Lu SJ, Hu LR, Xu XL, Xu HG, Chen H, Zheng WJ. Transition from exohedral to endohedral structures of AuGen− (n = 2–12) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20321-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AuGe12− has an Ih symmetric endohedral icosahedral structure. It also shows 3D aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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25
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A computational investigation of aluminum-doped germanium clusters by density functional theory study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Deng XJ, Kong XY, Xu XL, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Structural and magnetic properties of CoGe(n)- (n=2-11) clusters: photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3987-93. [PMID: 25294751 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of cobalt-doped germanium clusters, CoGe(n)(-/0) (n=2-11), are investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) (n=2-11) clusters, the critical size of the transition from exo- to endohedral structures is n=9. Natural population analysis shows that there is electron transfer from the Ge(n) framework to the Co atom at n=7-11 for both anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters. The magnetic moments of the anionic and neutral CoGe(n) clusters decrease to the lowest values at n=10 and 11. The transfer of electrons from the Gen framework to the Co atom and the minimization of the magnetic moments are related to the evolution of CoGe(n) structures from exo- to endohedral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (P.R. China)
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27
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Espinoza-Quintero G, Duckworth JCA, Myers WK, McGrady JE, Goicoechea JM. Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru@Ge12]3–: An Endohedral 3-Connected Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1210-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja411280v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Espinoza-Quintero
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C. A. Duckworth
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry,
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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28
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TANG CHUNMEI, ZHU WEIHUA, ZHANG AIMEI, LIU MINGYI, ZHANG KAIXIAO. STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF 3d TRANSITION METAL ENDOHEDRAL M@Ge12H12(M=Sc–Ni) CLUSTERS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fulerine- Ni @ Ge 12 H 12 structure, which composes of four pentagons and four rhombi and is like a fullerene, has a closed-shell electronic structure, the largest HOMO–LUMO energy gap, the highest vertical ionization potential, and the lowest vertical electron affinity. All of these properties are characteristic of a magic cluster, therefore, we strongly suggest fulerine- Ni @ Ge 12 H 12 should be a magic cluster and promising as building blocks in developing cluster-assembled nanomaterials. This can be interpreted by the weak interaction between Ni and the cage together with the transference of two electrons from the 4s orbital to the 3d orbital of Ni . The magnetic moment of fulerine- M @ Ge 12 H 12( M = Sc – Ni ) varies from 0 to 3 μB, implying they have potential applications in developing new nanomaterials with tunable magnetic properties. The calculated TDDFT optical properties of fulerine- M @ Ge 12 H 12( M = Sc – Ni ) can be tuned broadly in the ultraviolet–visible region. This is very important for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHUNMEI TANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - WEIHUA ZHU
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - AIMEI ZHANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - MINGYI LIU
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - KAIXIAO ZHANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
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29
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Li X, Su K, Yang X, Song L, Yang L. Size-selective effects in the geometry and electronic property of bimetallic Au–Ge nanoclusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Electronic structure and stabilities of Ni-doped germanium nanoclusters: a density functional modeling study. J Mol Model 2012; 19:1473-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Bonding properties and isomeric conversion pathways from exohedral to endohedral BeGe8 clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Lips F, Hołyńska M, Clérac R, Linne U, Schellenberg I, Pöttgen R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Doped Semimetal Clusters: Ternary, Intermetalloid Anions [Ln@Sn7Bi7]4– and [Ln@Sn4Bi9]4– (Ln = La, Ce) with Adjustable Magnetic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1181-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Lips
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Małgorzata Hołyńska
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Equipe “Matériaux
Moléculaires Magnétiques”, 115 avenue du Dr.
Albert Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR
8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Uwe Linne
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
| | - Inga Schellenberg
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nanotechnologie,
Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches
Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, D-35032 Marburg,
Germany
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33
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhu W, Deng K. Probing the geometric, optical, and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal endohedral Ge12M (M=Sc–Ni) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Bandyopadhyay D, Kaur P, Sen P. New Insights into Applicability of Electron-Counting Rules in Transition Metal Encapsulating Ge Cage Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12986-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Bandyopadhyay
- Physics Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, Physics Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, HP, India, and Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India
| | - Prabhsharan Kaur
- Physics Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, Physics Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, HP, India, and Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India
| | - Prasenjit Sen
- Physics Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, Physics Department, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, HP, India, and Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India
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35
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Bandyopadhyay D, Sen P. Density Functional Investigation of Structure and Stability of Gen and GenNi (n = 1−20) Clusters: Validity of the Electron Counting Rule. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:1835-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905561n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Bandyopadhyay
- Physics Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - 333031, Rajasthan, India, and Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad-211019, U.P, India
| | - Prasenjit Sen
- Physics Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - 333031, Rajasthan, India, and Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad-211019, U.P, India
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36
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Li JR, Yao CH, Mu YW, Wan JG, Han M. Structures and magnetic properties of SinNi (n=1–17) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Structure, stability and electronic property of the gold-doped germanium clusters: AuGe n (n = 2–13). Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Zhao WJ, Wang YX. Geometries, stabilities, and magnetic properties of MnGen (n=2–16) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Wang J, Liu JH. Novel bi-transition metallic encapsulated naphthalene-like Si20prismatic cage: A DFT investigation. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:1103-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Wang JQ, Stegmaier S, Fässler T. [Co@Ge10]3−: An Intermetalloid Cluster with Archimedean Pentagonal Prismatic Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Wang JQ, Stegmaier S, Fässler T. [Co@Ge10]3−: An Intermetalloid Cluster with Archimedean Pentagonal Prismatic Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1998-2002. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of (n=9–16) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Wang J, Chen X, Liu JH. Investigation of a Size-Selective Single Hafnium-Encapsulated Germanium Cage. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8868-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804433d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huai Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, AnHui, P. R. China
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44
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Jing Q, Tian FY, Wang YX. No quenching of magnetic moment for the GenCo (n=1-13) clusters: first-principles calculations. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:124319. [PMID: 18376931 DOI: 10.1063/1.2898880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors predict that for the Ge(n)Co (n=1-13) clusters the magnetic moment does not quench, which is dark contrast to the previous results with transition-metal-doped Si(n) clusters. It may be due to the unpaired electrons of the Co atom in the clusters. For the ground state structures of the Ge(n)Co (n>or=9) clusters, the Co atom completely falls into the center of the Ge outer frame, forming metal-encapsulated Ge(n) cages. The doping of the Co atom enhances the stability of the host Ge(n) clusters. The Ge(10)Co cluster with the bicapped tetragonal antiprism structure is more stable than others, which agrees very well with the results of the experiment of the Co/Ge binary clusters by the laser vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jing
- Institute of Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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45
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Zurek E, Autschbach J, Malinowski N, Enders A, Kern K. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the thermodynamic stability of Ba-c(60) and K-C(60) compound clusters. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1000-1014. [PMID: 19206498 DOI: 10.1021/nn800022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel experimental set-up was used to study superstable (magic) Ba-C(60) and K-C(60) compound clusters. The most stable systems observed cannot be rationalized by simple electronic or by geometrical shell filling arguments. Annealing the clusters past the temperature necessary for the fragmentation of the initial metastable clusters formed at the source reveals information about their thermodynamic stability. Higher temperatures yield larger species, suggesting that similar experiments may be used to rationally produce nanoscale clusters with highly desirable properties. Density functional calculations reveal ionic (K, Ba) and covalent (Ba) bonding between C(60) and the metal atoms. The entropic contribution to the Gibbs free energy is shown to be essential in determining absolute and relative cluster stabilities. In particular, we demonstrate that at higher temperatures the entropy favors the formation of larger clusters. A simple criterion which may be used to determine the absolute and relative stabilities of general multicomponent clusters is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zurek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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46
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Wang J, Han JG. Geometries, Stabilities, and Vibrational Properties of Bimetallic Mo2-Doped Gen (n = 9−15) Clusters: A Density Functional Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3224-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710238t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada, and National synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Guang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada, and National synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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47
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Hou XJ, Gopakumar G, Lievens P, Nguyen MT. Chromium-doped germanium clusters CrGen (n = 1-5): geometry, electronic structure, and topology of chemical bonding. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13544-53. [PMID: 18052141 DOI: 10.1021/jp0773233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure and properties of small neutral and cationic CrGen(0,+) clusters, with n from 1 to 5, were investigated using quantum chemical calculations at the CASSCF/CASPT2 and DFT/B3LYP levels. Smaller clusters prefer planar geometries, whereas the lowest-lying electronic states of the neutral CrGe4, CrGe5, and cationic CrGe5+ forms exhibit nonplanar geometries. Most of the clusters considered prefer structures with high-spin ground state and large magnetic moments. Relative to the values obtained for the pure Gen clusters, fragmentation energies of doped CrGen clusters are smaller when n is 3 and 4 and larger when n = 5. The averaged binding energy tends to increase with the increasing number of Ge atoms. For n = 5, the binding energies for Ge5, CrGe5, and CrGe5+ are similar to each other, amounting to approximately 2.5 eV. The Cr atom acts as a general electron donor in neutral CrGen clusters. Electron localization function (ELF) analyses suggest that the chemical bonding in chromium-doped germanium clusters differs from that of their pure or Li-doped counterparts and allow the origin of the inherent high-spin ground state to be understood. The differential DeltaELF picture, obtained in separating both alpha and beta electron components, is consistent with that derived from spin density calculations. For CrGen, n = 2 and 3, a small amount of d-pi back-donation is anticipated within the framework of the proposed bonding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Juan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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48
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The growth behaviors of the Zn-doped different sized germanium clusters: A density functional investigation. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Han JG, Zhao RN, Duan Y. Geometries, Stabilities, and Growth Patterns of the Bimetal Mo2-doped Sin (n = 9−16) Clusters: A Density Functional Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2148-55. [PMID: 17388263 DOI: 10.1021/jp0661903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The behaviors of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped cagelike silicon clusters Mo2Sin at the size of n=9-16 have been investigated systematically with the density functional approach. The growth-pattern behaviors, relative stabilities, and charge-transfer of these clusters are presented and discussed. The optimized geometries reveal that the dominant growth patterns of the bimetal Mo-Mo doped on opened cagelike silicon clusters (n=9-13) are based on pentagon prism MoSi10 and hexagonal prism MoSi12 clusters, while the Mo2 encapsulated Sin(n=14-16) frames are dominant growth behaviors for the large-sized clusters. The doped Mo2 dimer in the Sin frames is dissociated under the interactions of the Mo2 and Sin frames which are examined in term of the calculated Mo-Mo distance. The calculated fragmentation energies manifest that the remarkable local maximums of stable clusters are Mo2-doped Sin with n=10 and 12; the obtained relative stabilities exhibit that the Mo2-doped Si10 cluster is the most stable species in all different sized clusters. Natural population analysis shows that the charge-transfer phenomena appearing in the Mo2-doped Sin clusters are analogous to the single transition metal Re or W doped silicon clusters. In addition, the properties of frontier orbitals of Mo2-doped Sin (n=10 and 12) clusters show that the Mo2Si10 and Mo2Si12 isomers have enhanced chemical stabilities because of their larger HOMO-LUMO gaps. Interestingly, the geometry of the most stable Mo2Si9 cluster has the framework which is analogous to that of Ni2Ge9 cluster confirmed by recent experimental observation (Goicoechea, J. M.; Sevov, S. C. J. Am Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 4155).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Guang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
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50
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Wang J, Han JG. Geometries and Electronic Properties of the Tungsten-Doped Germanium Clusters: WGen (n = 1−17). J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12670-7. [PMID: 17107119 DOI: 10.1021/jp0636219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geometries associated with relative stabilities, energy gaps, and polarities of W-doped germanium clusters have been investigated systematically by using density functional theory. The threshold size for the endohedral coordination and the critical size of W-encapsulated Gen structures emerge as, respectively, n = 8 and n = 12, while the fullerene-like W@Ge(n) clusters appears at n = 14. The evaluated relative stabilities in term of the calculated fragmentation energies reveal that the fullerene-like W@Ge(14) and W@Ge(16) structures as well as the hexagonal prism WGe(12) have enhanced stabilities over their neighboring clusters. Furthermore, the calculated polarities of the W@Ge(n) reveal that the bicapped tetragonal antiprism WGe(10) is a polar molecule while the hexagonal prism WGe(12) is a nonpolar molecule. Moreover, the recorded natural populations show that the charges transfer from the germanium framework to the W atom. Additionally, the WGe(12) cluster with large highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap, large fragmentation energy, and large binding energy is supposed to be suitable as a building block of assembly cluster material. It should be pointed out that the remarkable features of W@Ge(n) clusters above are distinctly different from those of transition metal (TM) doped Ge(n) (TM = Cu and Ni) clusters, indicating that the growth pattern of the TMGe(n) depends on the kind of doped TM impurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
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