1
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Sen A, Khodia S, Jarupula R, Baweja S, Kalal B, Maity S. Spectroscopic characterization of the complexes of 2-(2'-pyridyl)-benzimidazole and (H 2O) 1,2, (CH 3OH) 1,2, and (NH 3) 1,2 isolated in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:25697-25708. [PMID: 39351990 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bonded docking preferences of small solvent molecules on 2-(2'-pyridyl)-benzimidazole (PBI) were studied experimentally aided by computational findings. The PBI-S1,2 complexes (S = H2O, CH3OH, and NH3) were produced in a supersonically jet-cooled molecular beam and probed using resonant two-photon ionization and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, with multiple isomers confirmed by UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy. Two distinct isomers of PBI-H2O and PBI-(H2O)2 complexes were identified, while PBI-CH3OH and PBI-NH3 each formed a single 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complex. Computational results with experimental findings revealed PBI-S-a as the most stable structure, with a solvent molecule forming a hydrogen-bonded bridge between imidazolyl-NH (NIH) and pyridyl-N (NP) at site-a. The site-a isomers exhibit higher S1 state stability compared to the S0 state, resulting in red-shifted S0 → S1 band origin for PBI-S-a and a further red-shift for the PBI-(S)2-aa isomers. In contrast, the PBI-S-b isomer, with a hydrogen bond between imidazolyl-N (NI) and pyridyl-CH (CPH) at site-b opposite to site-a, showed a blue-shifted band origin transition. A unique PBI-(H2O)2-ab isomer was detected with solvent molecules bound at both sites a and b, displaying a smaller red-shift in the band origin transition than the aa-isomer. The energy barrier for solvent-to-chromophore proton transfer varies with isomeric configuration. PBI-H2O-b isomers show significantly higher barriers (>800 cm-1), while PBI-(H2O)-aa has a slightly increased barrier (>436 cm-1) compared to the PBI-H2O-a (420 ± 10 cm-1) isomer. This study explores the potential landscape of PBI, enhancing our understanding of stabilization effects, spectral shifts, and their impact on chromophore excited-state dynamics in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Sen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Program, IIT Hyderabad, 502284, India.
| | - Saurabh Khodia
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Ramesh Jarupula
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Simran Baweja
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Bhavika Kalal
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Surajit Maity
- Center for Interdisciplinary Program, IIT Hyderabad, 502284, India.
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India
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2
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Baweja S, Kalal B, Maity S. Spectroscopic Characterization of Hydrogen-Bonded 2,7-Diazaindole Water Complex Isolated in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3329-3338. [PMID: 38652167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a systematic experimental analysis of the 1:1 complex of 2,7-diazaindole (27DAI) with water in the gas phase. The complex was characterized by using two-color-resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), single vibronic level fluorescence (SVLF), and photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectroscopic methods. The 000 band of the S1←S0 electronic transition of the 27DAI-H2O complex was observed at 33,074 cm-1, largely red-shifted by 836 cm-1 compared to that of the bare 27DAI. From the R2PI spectrum, the detected modes at 141 (ν'Tx), 169 (ν'Ty), and 194 (ν'Ry) cm-1 were identified as the internal motions of the H2O molecule in the complex. However, these modes were detected at 115 (ν″Tx), 152 (ν″Ty), and 190 (ν″Ry) cm-1 in the ground state, which suggested a stronger hydrogen bonding interaction in the photo-excited state. The structural determination was aided by the detection of νNH and νOH values in the ground and excited state complexes using the FDIR and IDIR spectroscopies. The detection of νNH at 3414 and νOH at 3447 cm-1 in 27DAI-H2O has shown an excellent correlation with the most stable structure consisting of N(1)-H···O and OH···N(7) hydrogen-bonded bridging water molecule in the ground state. The structure of the complex in the electronic excited state (S1) was confirmed by the corresponding bands at 3210 (νNH) and 3265 cm-1 (νOH). The IR-UV hole-burning spectroscopy confirmed the presence of only one isomer in the molecular beam. The ionization energy (IE) of the 27DAI-H2O complex was obtained as 8.789 ± 0.002 eV, which was significantly higher than the 7AI-H2O complex. The higher IE values of N-rich molecules suggest a higher resistivity of such molecules against photodamage. The obtained structure of the 27DAI-H2O complex has explicitly shown the formation of a cyclic one-solvent bridge incorporating N(1)-H···O and O-H···N(7) hydrogen bonds upon microsolvation. The lower excitation and higher ionization energies of the 27DAI-H2O complex compared to 7AI-H2O established higher stabilization of N-rich molecules. The solvent clusters forming a linear bridge between the hydrogen/proton acceptor and donor sites in the complex can be considered as a stepping stone to investigate the photoinduced deactivation mechanisms in nitrogen containing biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Baweja
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Bhavika Kalal
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
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3
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Baweja S, Kalal B, Maity S. Laser spectroscopic characterization of supersonic jet cooled 2,7-diazaindole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26679-26691. [PMID: 37772686 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the first gas phase comprehensive study of the electronic spectroscopy of 2,7-diazaindole molecule in the ground and excited states. Single vibronic level fluorescence spectroscopy (SVLF) was performed to determine the ground state vibrations of the molecule, which depicted a large Franck-Condon activity beyond 2600 cm-1. For the excited state characterization, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-color resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy (2C-R2PI) were performed. The band origin (000) for S1 ← S0 transition appeared at 33910 ± 1 cm-1 which was red shifted by 718 cm-1 and 1322 cm-1 compared to that of 7-azaindole and indole respectively. The Franck-Condon active vibrational modes in the spectra were seen till the (000) + 1600 cm-1 region. The IR-UV hole burning spectroscopy confirmed the absence of any other isomeric species in the molecular beam. The ionization energy (IE) of the molecule was measured as 8.921 ± 0.001 eV, recorded using photoionization efficiency spectroscopy. The above IE value was significantly higher than that of the related indole derivatives, suggesting the higher photostability of the 27DAI molecule due to N(2) insertion. The ground and excited state N-H stretching frequencies of the molecule were determined using fluorescence-dip infrared spectroscopy (FDIR) and resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy (IDIR), and the values are 3523 and 3467 cm-1, respectively. The lower value of νNH in the electronic excited state implied the increased photoacidity of the group. A comparative analysis of the experimental LIF/2C-R2PI spectra was done against Franck-Condon simulated spectra at three different levels of theory. The vibrational frequencies calculated at B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVPP showed the most accurate prediction in comparison with the experimentally detected symmetric modes in the ground state. However, in the excited state, the lower energy asymmetric modes simulated at the B3LYP/def-SVP level of theory provided the best agreement with the experiment. This is most probably due to the distortion observed at the pyrazolyl ring leading to the appearance of asymmetric vibrational modes. The above study highlights the possibility to appropriately tune the excitation wavelengths as well as alter the photostability of the organic chromophores via additional N-insertion in the molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Baweja
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Bhavika Kalal
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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4
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Zhang YR, Yuan DF, Qian CH, Zhu GZ, Wang LS. Role of Polarization Interactions in the Formation of Dipole-Bound States. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37368495 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though there is a critical dipole moment required to support a dipole-bound state (DBS), how molecular polarizability may influence the formation of DBSs is not well understood. Pyrrolide, indolide, and carbazolide provide an ideal set of anions to systematically examine the role of polarization interactions in the formation of DBSs. Here, we report an investigation of carbazolide using cryogenic photodetachment spectroscopy and high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). A polarization-assisted DBS is observed at 20 cm-1 below the detachment threshold for carbazolide, even though the carbazolyl neutral core has a dipole moment (2.2 D) smaller than the empirical critical value (2.5 D) to support a dipole-bound state. Photodetachment spectroscopy reveals nine vibrational Feshbach resonances of the DBS, as well as three intense and broad shape resonances. The electron affinity of carbazolyl is measured accurately to be 2.5653 ± 0.0004 eV (20,691 ± 3 cm-1). The combination of photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant PES allows fundamental frequencies for 14 vibrational modes of carbazolyl to be measured. The three shape resonances are due to above-threshold excitation to the three low-lying electronic states (S1-S3) of carbazolide. Resonant PES of the shape resonances is dominated by autodetachment processes. Ultrafast relaxation from the S2 and S3 states to S1 is observed, resulting in constant kinetic energy features in the resonant PES. The current study provides decisive information about the role that polarization plays in the formation of DBSs, as well as rich spectroscopic information about the carbazolide anion and the carbazolyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chen-Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Guo-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Jarupula R, Khodia S, Shabeeb M, Maity S. A combined spectroscopic and computational investigation on the solvent-to-chromophore excited-state proton transfer in the 2,2'-pyridylbenzimidazole-methanol complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37337710 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates experimental proof of excited state 'solvent-to-chromophore' proton transfer (ESPT) in the isolated gas phase PBI (2,2'-pyridylbenzimidazole)-CH3OH complex, aided by computational calculations. The binary complexes of PBI with CH3OH/CH3OD were produced in a supersonic jet-cooled molecular beam and the energy barrier of the photo-excited process was determined using resonant two-colour two-photon ionization spectroscopy (R2PI). The ESPT process in the PBI-CH3OH complex was confirmed by the disappearance of the Franck-Condon active vibrational transitions above 000 + 390 cm-1. In the PBI-CH3OD complex, the reappearance of the Franck-Condon transitions till 000 + 800 cm-1 confirmed the elevation of the ESPT barrier upon isotopic substitution due to the lowering of the zero-point vibrational energy. The ESPT energy barrier in PBI-CH3OH was bracketed as 410 ± 20 cm-1 (4.91 ± 0.23 kJ mol-1) by comparing the spectra of PBI-CH3OH and PBI-CH3OD. The solvent-to-chromophore proton transfer was confirmed based on the significantly decreased quantum tunnelling of the solvent proton in the PBI-CH3OD complex. The computational investigation resulted in an energy barrier of 6.0 kJ mol-1 for the ESPT reaction in the PBI-CH3OH complex, showing excellent agreement with the experimental value. Overall, the excited state reaction progressed through an intersection of ππ* and nπ* states before being deactivated to the ground state via internal conversion. The present investigation reveals a novel reaction pathway for the deactivation mechanism of the photo-excited N-containing biomolecules in the presence of protic-solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Jarupula
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Chemistry, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Saurabh Khodia
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Chemistry, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Muhammed Shabeeb
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Chemistry, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Surajit Maity
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Chemistry, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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6
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Yuan DF, Liu Y, Zhang YR, Wang LS. Observation of a Polarization-Assisted Dipole-Bound State. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5512-5522. [PMID: 36809761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The critical dipole moment to bind an electron was empirically determined to be 2.5 debye, even though smaller values were predicted theoretically. Herein, we report the first observation of a polarization-assisted dipole-bound state (DBS) for a molecule with a dipole moment below 2.5 debye. Photoelectron and photodetachment spectroscopies are conducted for cryogenically cooled indolide anions, where the neutral indolyl radical has a dipole moment of 2.4 debye. The photodetachment experiment reveals a DBS only 6 cm-1 below the detachment threshold along with sharp vibrational Feshbach resonances. Rotational profiles are observed for all of the Feshbach resonances, which are found to have surprisingly narrow linewidths and long autodetachment lifetimes attributed to weak coupling between vibrational motions and the nearly free dipole-bound electron. Calculations suggest that the observed DBS has π-symmetry stabilized by the strong anisotropic polarizability of indolyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Zhang YR, Yuan DF, Wang LS. Investigation of the Electronic and Vibrational Structures of the 2-Furanyloxy Radical Using Photoelectron Imaging and Photodetachment Spectroscopy via the Dipole-Bound State of the 2-Furanyloxide Anion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11481-11488. [PMID: 36469423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The 2-furanyloxy radical is an important chemical reaction intermediate in the combustion of biofuels and aromatic compounds. We report an investigation of its electronic and vibrational structures using photoelectron and photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron imaging (PEI) of cryogenically cooled 2-furanyloxide anion. The electron affinity of 2-furanyloxy is measured to be 1.7573(8) eV. Two excited electronic states are observed at excitation energies of 2.14 and 2.82 eV above the ground state. Photodetachment spectroscopy reveals a dipole-bound state 0.0143 eV below the detachment threshold and 25 vibrational Feshbach resonances for the 2-furanyloxide anion. The combination of photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant PEI yields frequencies for 18 out of a total of 21 vibrational modes for the 2-furanyloxy radical, including all six of its bending modes. The rich electronic and vibrational information will be valuable for further understanding the role of 2-furanyloxy as a key reaction intermediate of combustion and atmospheric interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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8
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Khodia S, Maity S. A combined experimental and computational study on the deactivation of a photo-excited 2,2'-pyridylbenzimidazole-water complex via excited-state proton transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12043-12051. [PMID: 35537136 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present solvent assisted excited-state proton transfer coupled to the deactivation of a photo-excited 2,2'-pyridylbenzimidazole bound to a single water molecule. Experimentally, the mass-selected 1 : 1 complex was probed using two-colour resonant two-photon ionization (2C-R2PI) and UV-UV hole-burning (HB) spectroscopy in a supersonically jet-cooled molecular beam. Computationally, three structural isomers were identified as the normal, the tautomer and the proton transfer product of the PBI-H2O complex in the excited S1 state using B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVPP and ADC(2) (MP2)/cc-pVDZ levels of theory. The most stable form in the ground state, i.e., the normal form, was identified using the excitation spectrum in the 30 544 to 30 936 cm-1 region. The 2C-R2PI spectrum showed a sudden break-off above the 000 + 392 cm-1 region, even though the Frack-Condon activity of the S1 ← S0 transition was measured beyond 000 + 1000 cm-1 in the HB spectrum. The intensity of the bands associated with the excited state intermolecular vibrational modes near the break-off region was found to be drastically decreased, which indicates efficient quantum mechanical tunnelling along the hydrogen transfer coordinate. The sudden disappearance of the intermolecular vibrational modes in the spectrum revealed the existence of a deactivation channel in the PBI-H2O complex near 392-450 cm-1 above the 000 transition. The computational investigation predicted that the deactivation of the excited-state occurred via the intersection between the S1 and S0 states, which was associated with the proton transfer from the H2O to the PBI molecule along the O(3)-H(4)→N(5) coordinate. The highest energy structure was identified as the point of intersection between the nπ* (S2) and ππ* (S1) states. The associated barrier height was experimentally determined to be 392-450 cm-1, which showed a reasonable agreement with the calculated excited-state proton transfer barrier. Competing reaction channels such as dissociation and tautomerization were found to be highly energetically inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Khodia
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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Helle N, Raeker T, Grotemeyer J. Studies of the First Electronically Excited State of 3-Fluoropyridine and Its Ionic Structure by Means of REMPI, Two-Photon MATI, One-Photon VUV-MATI Spectroscopy and Franck-Condon Analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2412-2423. [PMID: 35019908 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3-Fluoropyridine (3-FP) has been investigated by means of two-photon resonance-enhanced multi photon ionization (REMPI), mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) and one-photon vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) MATI spectroscopy. The aim was the determination of the effect of m-fluorine substitution on the vibronic structure of the first electronically excited and ionic ground state. The S1 excitation energy has been determined to be 35 064 ± 2 cm-1 (4.3474 ± 0.0002 eV). Strong evidence of a distinct vibronic coupling via ν16b and ν[Wag.out.,16a] to one or both of the lowest 1ππ* states has been found, which results in a warped S1 minimum structure with C1 symmetry. The adiabatic ionization energy of the ionic ground state (14a', nN-LP orbital) has been determined to be 76 579 ± 6 cm-1 (9.4946 ± 0.0007 eV), which is the first value reported for this state. The origin of the D1 state (4a'', π-orbital) is located close by at 77 129 cm-1 (9.5628 eV). As a result of the D0-D1 vicinity, the ionic ground state is coupled to the D1 state via ν[Wag.out.,16a] and ν10a, which induces a twisted D0 geometry with C1 symmetry. Furthermore, for the first time two-photon and one-photon MATI spectra are presented together, which yield a much better understanding of the ionic vibronic structure in comparison to either of these experiments alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Helle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Tim Raeker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juergen Grotemeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Yuan DF, Zhang YR, Qian CH, Wang LS. Resonant two-photon photoelectron imaging and adiabatic detachment processes from bound vibrational levels of dipole-bound states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1380-1389. [PMID: 34981094 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anions cannot have Rydberg states, but anions with polar neutral cores can support highly diffuse dipole-bound states (DBSs) as a class of interesting electronically excited states below the electron detachment threshold. The binding energies of DBSs are extremely small, ranging from a few to few hundred wavenumbers and generally cannot support bound vibrational levels below the detachment threshold. Thus, vibrational excitations in the DBS are usually above the electron detachment threshold and they have been used to conduct resonant photoelectron spectroscopy, which is dominated by state-specific autodetachment. Here we report an investigation of a cryogenically-cooled complex anion, the enantiopure (R)-(-)-1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanolate (R-TFAE-). The neutral R-TFAE radical is relatively complex and highly polar with a non-planar structure (C1 symmetry). Photodetachment spectroscopy reveals a DBS 209 cm-1 below the detachment threshold of R-TFAE- and seven bound and eight above-threshold vibrational levels of the DBS. Resonant two-photon detachment (R2PD) via the bound vibrational levels of the DBS exhibits strictly adiabatic photodetachment behaviors by the second photon, in which the vibrational energies in the DBS are carried to the neutral final states, because of the parallel potential energy surfaces of the DBS and the corresponding neutral ground electronic state. Relaxation processes from the bound DBS levels to the ground and low-lying electronically excited states of R-TFAE- are also observed in the R2PD photoelectron spectra. The combination of photodetachment and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy yields frequencies for eight vibrational modes of the R-TFAE radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemsitry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemsitry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Chen-Hui Qian
- Department of Chemsitry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemsitry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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11
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Ross SD, Flores J, Khani S, Hewett DM, Reilly NJ. Optical Identification of the Resonance-Stabilized para-Ethynylbenzyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9115-9127. [PMID: 34614356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic observation of the jet-cooled para-ethynylbenzyl (PEB) radical, a resonance-stabilized isomer of C9H7. The radical was produced in a discharge of p-ethynyltoluene diluted in argon and probed by resonant two-color two-photon ionization (R2C2PI) spectroscopy. The origin of the D0(2B1)-D1(2B1) transition of PEB appears at 19,506 cm-1. A resonant two-color ion-yield scan reveals an adiabatic ionization energy (AIE) of 7.177(1) eV, which is almost symmetrically bracketed by CBS-QB3 and B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) calculations. The electronic spectrum exhibits pervasive Fermi resonances, in that most a1 fundamentals are accompanied by similarly intense overtones or combination bands of non-totally symmetric modes that would carry little intensity in the harmonic approximation. Under the same experimental conditions, the m/z = 115 R2C2PI spectrum of the p-ethynyltoluene discharge also exhibits contributions from the m-ethynylbenzyl and 1-phenylpropargyl radicals. The former, like PEB, is observed herein for the first time, and its identity is confirmed by measurement and calculation of its AIE and D0-D1 origin transition energy; the latter is identified by comparison with its known electronic spectrum (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 3137-3142). Both species are found to co-exist with PEB at levels vastly greater than might be explained by any precursor sample impurity, implying that interconversion of ethynylbenzyl motifs is feasible in energetic environments such as plasmas and flames, wherein resonance-stabilized radicals are persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sederra D Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jonathan Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Sima Khani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Daniel M Hewett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Neil J Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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Köse ME. How to Predict Excited State Geometry by Using Empirical Parameters Obtained from Franck-Condon Analysis of Optical Spectrum. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2078-2092. [PMID: 34351030 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Excited state geometries of molecules can be calculated with highly reliable wavefunction schemes. Most of such schemes, however, are applicable to small molecules and can hardly be viewed as error-free for excited state geometries. In this study, a theoretical approach is presented in which the excited state geometries of molecules can be predicted by using vibrationally resolved experimental absorption spectrum in combination with the theoretical modelling of vibrational pattern based on Franck-Condon approximation. Huang-Rhys factors have been empirically determined and used as input for revealing the structural changes occurring between the ground and the excited state geometries upon photoexcitation. Naphthalene molecule has been chosen as a test case to show the robustness of the proposed theoretical approach. Predicted 1B2u excited state geometry of the naphthalene has similar but slightly different bond length alternation pattern when compared with the geometries calculated with CIS, B3LYP, and CC2 methods. Excited state geometries of perylene and pyrene molecules are also determined with the presented theoretical approach. This powerful method can be applied to other molecules and specifically to relatively large molecules rather easily as long as vibrationally resolved experimental spectra are available to use.
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13
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Zhang YR, Yuan DF, Qian CH, Wang LS. Observation of a dipole-bound excited state in 4-ethynylphenoxide and comparison with the quadrupole-bound excited state in the isoelectronic 4-cyanophenoxide. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124305. [PMID: 34598564 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative ions do not possess Rydberg states but can have Rydberg-like nonvalence excited states near the electron detachment threshold, including dipole-bound states (DBSs) and quadrupole-bound states (QBSs). While DBSs have been studied extensively, quadrupole-bound excited states have been more rarely observed. 4-cyanophenoxide (4CP-) was the first anion observed to possess a quadrupole-bound exited state 20 cm-1 below its detachment threshold. Here, we report the observation of a DBS in the isoelectronic 4-ethynylphenoxide anion (4EP-), providing a rare opportunity to compare the behaviors of a dipole-bound and a quadrupole-bound excited state in a pair of very similar anions. Photodetachment spectroscopy (PDS) of cryogenically cooled 4EP- reveals a DBS 76 cm-1 below its detachment threshold. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) at 266 nm shows that the electronic structure of 4EP- and 4CP- is nearly identical. The observed vibrational features in both the PDS and PES, as well as autodetachment from the nonvalence excited states, are also found to be similar for both anions. However, resonant two-photon detachment (R2PD) from the bound vibrational ground state is observed to be very different for the DBS in 4EP- and the QBS in 4CP-. The R2PD spectra reveal that decays take place from both the DBS and QBS to the respective anion ground electronic states within the 5 ns detachment laser pulse due to internal conversion followed by intramolecular vibrational redistribution and relaxation, but the decay mechanisms appear to be very different. In the R2PD spectrum of 4EP-, we observe strong threshold electron signals, which are due to detachment, by the second photon, of highly rotationally excited anions resulted from the decay of the DBS. On the other hand, in the R2PD spectrum of 4CP-, we observe well-resolved vibrational peaks due to the three lowest-frequency vibrational modes of 4CP-, which are populated from the decay of the QBS. The different behaviors of the R2PD spectra suggest unexpected differences between the relaxation mechanisms of the dipole-bound and quadrupole-bound excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Chen-Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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14
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Khodia S, Maity S. A combined spectroscopic and computational investigation on dispersion-controlled docking of Ar atoms on 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17992-18000. [PMID: 34382618 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion-controlled docking of inert Ar atoms on the face of polycyclic 2-(2'-pyridyl)-benzimidazole (PBI) was studied experimentally aided by computational findings. The PBI-Arn (n = 1-3) complexes were produced in a supersonically jet-cooled molecular beam and probed using resonant two-photon ionization coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection scheme and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The ground state vibrational frequencies were obtained from single vibronic level fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation of multiple isomers was verified using UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy. The geometries of PBI-Arn (n = 1-3) complexes were derived by mutual agreement between experimental findings and computational results such as vibrational frequencies in the ground and excited electronic states, Franck-Condon factors and spectral shift of the S1← S0 transitions. All the above analyses provided good agreement between the experimental and simulated spectrum with the most stable PBI-Arn (n = 1-3) clusters. The highest intermolecular interaction between PBI and Ar was obtained with the Ar atom positioned above the imidazolyl ring. A second Ar atom was preferably docking on the other side of the imidazolyl ring than the pyridyl ring. The subsequent addition of the third Ar atom preferred the position above the pyridyl ring. The current investigation can be useful to investigate the preferential docking of dispersion-controlled interacting partners in multifunctional aromatic side chains present in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Khodia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India.
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15
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Helle N, Raeker T, Grotemeyer J. Investigation of the complex vibronic structure in the first excited and ionic ground states of 3-chloropyridine by means of REMPI and MATI spectroscopy and Franck-Condon analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17917-17928. [PMID: 34378586 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3-Chloropyridine (3-CP) has been investigated by means of resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy to elucidate the effect of m-chlorine substitution on the vibronic structure of the first electronically excited and ionic ground states. The S1 excitation energy has been determined to be 34 840 ± 2 cm-1 (4.3196 ± 0.0002 eV) with a difference of less than 0.2 cm-1 between both isotopomers, which is the first reported value for this transition in the gas phase so far. The S1 state has been assigned to the 1π* ← n transition. It is subject to strong vibronic coupling via ν16b to one or both of the lowest 1ππ* states. In addition, strong coupling via at least one more non-totally symmetric vibration is very likely to exist but the vibration could not be identified yet. Overall, the coupling results in a minimum S1 structure with C1 symmetry. The adiabatic ionization energy of the nN-LP orbital (14a') has been determined to be 75 879 ± 6 cm-1 (9.4078 ± 0.0007 eV) with a difference of less than 2 cm-1 between the two isotopomers, which is the first value reported for this state so far. The ionic ground state exhibits a distinct vibronic coupling via ν16a and ν10a to either the D1 state (4a'') and/or D2 state (3a''), which results in a twisted D0 geometry with C1 symmetry. As a consequence of the warped geometry in both S1 and D0 states, very complicated MATI spectra were obtained when exciting S1 states at higher wavenumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Helle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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16
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Ross SD, Flores J, Hewett DM, Reilly NJ. Electronic Spectroscopy of cis- and trans- meta-Vinylbenzyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6420-6436. [PMID: 34260230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The D0(2A″)-D1(2A″) electronic transition of resonance-stabilized radical C9H9 isomers cis- and trans-meta-vinylbenzyl (MVB) has been investigated using resonant two-color two-photon ionization (R2C2PI) and laser-induced fluorescence. The radicals were produced in a discharge of m-vinyltoluene diluted in Ar and probed under jet-cooled conditions. The origin bands of the cis and trans conformers are at 19 037 and 18 939 cm-1, respectively. Adiabatic ionization energies near 7.17 eV were determined for both conformers from two-color ion-yield scans. Dispersed fluorescence (DF) was used to conclusively identify the cis-conformer: ground-state cis-MVB eigenvalues calculated for a Fourier series fit of a computed vinyl torsion potential are in excellent agreement with torsional transitions in the 19 037 cm-1 DF spectrum. R2C2PI features arising from cis- or trans-MVB were distinguished by optical-optical hole-burning spectroscopy and vibronic assignments were made with guidance from density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. There is a notable absence of mirror symmetry between excitation and emission spectra for several totally symmetric modes, whereby modes that are conspicuous in emission are nearly absent in excitation, and vice versa. This effect is largely ascribed to interference between Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller contributions to the electronic transition moment, and its pervasiveness a consequence of the low symmetry (Cs) of the molecule, which permits intensity borrowing from several relatively bright electronic states of A″ symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sederra D Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Jonathan Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Daniel M Hewett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Neil J Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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17
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Yuan DF, Zhang YR, Qian CH, Liu Y, Wang LS. Probing the Dipole-Bound State in the 9-Phenanthrolate Anion by Photodetachment Spectroscopy, Resonant Two-Photon Photoelectron Imaging, and Resonant Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2967-2976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chen-Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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18
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Liu YH, Peng YJ, Su H, Zhu C, Lin SH. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 4-(3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-oxazalone interpreted by Franck-Condon simulation in various pH solvent environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17559-17566. [PMID: 32716426 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 4-(3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methyl-oxazalone (m-MeOBDI) dissolved in neutral, acidic, and basic solvent environments have been investigated and assigned by using Franck-Condon (FC) simulations at the quantum TDDFT level. Four different structures of m-MeOBDI in the ground and excited states are optimized and are found to be responsible for the observed absorption and fluorescence spectra. The (absorption) fluorescence of m-MeOBDI in pure methanol and neutral/basic methanol/water (1/9 vol) mixed solvent is found to arise from the (ground neutral N-I) excited neutral N-I* and cationic C-III* species, respectively. In acidic solvent, the absorption is found to arise from ground acidic C-II species, and the excited divalent cation DC-IV* is found to be formed in its excited state due to the excess H+ in the solution, and then it emits ∼560 nm fluorescence. FC simulations have also been employed to confirm our assignments as well as interpret the vibronic band profiles. As expected, the simulated emission spectrum of the divalent cationic species is in good agreement with the experimental observation. Therefore, within the present FC simulation, the observed absorption and fluorescence spectra have been reasonably interpreted and novel fluorescence mechanisms of m-MeOBDI in various pH solvent environments have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Liu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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19
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Fan JN, Cui TT, Qin ZB, Zheng XF, Cui ZF. Experimental and theoretical study on p-chlorofluorobenzene in the S0, S1 and D0 states. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ting-ting Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zheng-bo Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xian-feng Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhi-feng Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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20
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Ganjitabar H, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Powis I. Decoupling vibration and electron energy dependencies in the photoelectron circular dichroism of a terpene, 3-carene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034302. [PMID: 32716160 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A fresh perspective on the interaction of electron and nuclear motions in photon induced dynamical processes can be provided by the coupling of photoelectron angular distributions and cation vibrational states in the photoionization of chiral molecules using circularly polarized radiation. The chiral contributions, manifesting as a forward-backward asymmetry in the photoemission, can be assessed using Photoelectron Circular Dichroism (PECD), which has revealed an enhanced vibrational influence exerted on the outgoing photoelectron. In this paper, we investigate the PECD of a rigid chiral monoterpene, 3-carene, using single-photon vacuum ultraviolet ionization by polarized synchrotron radiation and selecting energies from the ionization threshold up to 19.0 eV. By judicious choice of these photon energies, two factors that influence PECD asymmetry values, electron kinetic energy and ion vibrational level, can be effectively isolated, allowing a clear demonstration of the very marked vibrational effects. A slow photoelectron spectrum is used to examine the vibrational structure of the isolated outermost valence (HOMO) photoelectron band, and peak assignments are made with the aid of a Franck-Condon simulation. Together, these provide an estimate of the adiabatic ionization energy as 8.385 eV. The reported chiral asymmetry from the randomly oriented 3-carene enantiomers reaches a maximum of over 21%. Theoretical PECD calculations, made both for the fixed equilibrium molecular geometry and also modeling selected normal mode vibration effects, are presented to provide further insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ganjitabar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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21
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Structural changes upon electronic excitation in 1,2-dimethoxybenzene from Franck-Condon fits of the fluorescence emission spectra. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Davies AR, Kemp DJ, Warner LG, Fryer EF, Rees A, Wright TG. Variations in Duschinsky rotations in m-fluorotoluene and m-chlorotoluene during excitation and ionization. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Kemp
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis G. Warner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth F. Fryer
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Rees
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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23
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Wang CW, Zhu C, Lin SH. Extremely solvent-enhanced absorbance and fluorescence of carbazole interpreted using a damped Franck-Condon simulation. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:104106. [PMID: 32171227 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely solvent-enhanced absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbazole were investigated by performing a generalized multi-set damped Franck-Condon spectral simulation. Experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbazole in the gas phase were first well reproduced by performing an un-damped Franck-Condon simulation, but a one-set scaling damped Franck-Condon simulation severely underestimated the intensities of the peaks of experimental absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbazole in n-hexane. Then, a multi-set scaling damped Franck-Condon simulation was proposed and carried out for simulating the extremely solvent-enhanced absorbance and fluorescence, and here, the simulated spectra agreed well with the experimental ones. Five (four) representative solvent-enhanced normal modes corresponding to the combination of ring stretching and ring breathing vibrational motions were determined to be responsible for enhanced absorbance (fluorescence) in n-hexane solution. Furthermore, different scalings were applied to the ground and first-excited states, resulting in different enhancement of absorbance and fluorescence, and this analysis revealed atoms in the carbazole interacting with n-hexane solvent molecules and, hence, leading to different normal-mode vibrational vector patterns in the ground and first-excited states, respectively. Basically, the same conclusion was drawn from a simulation with HF-CIS and the three functionals (TD)B3LYP, (TD)B3LYP-35, and (TD)BHandHLYP. The present multi-set scaling damped Franck-Condon simulation scheme was demonstrated to successfully interpret extremely solvent-enhanced absorbance and fluorescence of carbazole in n-hexane-solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Hsien Lin
- Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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24
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Zhu G, Qian C, Wang L. Tautomer‐Specific Resonant Photoelectron Imaging of Deprotonated Cytosine Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Zhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Chen‐Hui Qian
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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25
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Zhu G, Qian C, Wang L. Tautomer‐Specific Resonant Photoelectron Imaging of Deprotonated Cytosine Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7856-7860. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Zhu Zhu
- Department of ChemistryBrown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Chen‐Hui Qian
- Department of ChemistryBrown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of ChemistryBrown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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26
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Helle N, Hintelmann I, Grotemeyer J. Detailed analysis of the vibronic structure of phenetole in its first excited state and ionic ground state. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:142-156. [PMID: 30773918 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718822643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vibronic structure of the first electronically excited state S1 and ionic ground state D0 of phenetole has been investigated by means of resonance enhanced multi photon ionization (REMPI) and mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy. The vibronic levels were assigned with the aid of quantum chemical calculations at the (TD)DFT level of theory and a multidimensional Franck-Condon approach. The S1 excitation energy of phenetole has been determined to be 36370 ± 4 cm-1 (4.5093 ± 0.0005 eV). The adiabatic ionization energy was determined to be 65665 ± 7 cm-1 (8.1415 ± 0.0008 eV). The vibronic structure has been analyzed whereby the in-plane bending vibration νbend shows high activity in the first excited state but is more pronounced in the ionic ground state. Moreover, a strong Duschinsky rotation effect can be observed for several D0←S1 transitions that causes violations of the Δv = 0 propensity rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Helle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 1, Kiel, Germany
| | - Immo Hintelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 1, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grotemeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 1, Kiel, Germany
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27
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Wilcox CM, Krechkivska O, Nauta K, Schmidt TW, Kable SH. Jet-Cooled Spectroscopy of ortho-Hydroxycyclohexadienyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8886-8897. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Callan M. Wilcox
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Olha Krechkivska
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Klaas Nauta
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy W. Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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28
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Powis I, Menzies RC, Holland DMP, Trofimov AB, Skitnevskaya AD, Gromov EV, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C. Photoionization dynamics ofcis-dichloroethene from investigation of vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra and angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5042216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Menzies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky Str. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. D. Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Gromov
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Antonsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Patanen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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29
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Rafiee Fanood MM, Ganjitabar H, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Turchini S, Powis I. Intense Vibronic Modulation of the Chiral Photoelectron Angular Distribution Generated by Photoionization of Limonene Enantiomers with Circularly Polarized Synchrotron Radiation. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:921-933. [PMID: 29266631 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization of the chiral monoterpene limonene has been investigated using polarized synchrotron radiation between the adiabatic ionization threshold, 8.505 and 23.5 eV. A rich vibrational structure is seen in the threshold photoelectron spectrum and is interpreted using a variety of computational methods. The corresponding photoelectron circular dichroism-measured in the photoelectron angular distribution as a forward-backward asymmetry with respect to the photon direction-was found to be strongly dependent on the vibronic structure appearing in the photoelectron spectra, with the observed asymmetry even switching direction in between the major vibrational peaks. This effect can be ultimately attributed to the sensitivity of this dichroism to small phase shifts between adjacent partial waves of the outgoing photoelectron. These observations have implications for potential applications of this chiroptical technique, where the enantioselective analysis of monoterpene components is of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rafiee Fanood
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hassan Ganjitabar
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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30
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Picconi D, Grebenshchikov SY. Photodissociation dynamics in the first absorption band of pyrrole. I. Molecular Hamiltonian and the Herzberg-Teller absorption spectrum for the A21(πσ*)←X̃1 A1(ππ) transition. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Picconi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sergy Yu. Grebenshchikov
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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31
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Kim SY, Lee J, Kim SK. Conformer specific nonadiabatic reaction dynamics in the photodissociation of partially deuterated thioanisoles (C 6H 5S-CH 2D and C 6H 5S-CHD 2). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:18902-18912. [PMID: 28707684 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated nonadiabatic dynamics in the vicinity of conical intersections for predissociation reactions of partially deuterated thioanisole molecules: C6H5S-CH2D and C6H5S-CHD2. Each isotopomer has two distinct rotational conformers according to the geometrical position of D or H of the methyl moiety with respect to the molecular plane for C6H5S-CH2D or C6H5S-CHD2, respectively, as spectroscopically characterized in our earlier report [J. Lee, S.-Y. Kim and S. K. Kim, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2014, 118, 1850]. Since identification and separation of two different rotational conformers of each isotopomer have been unambiguously done, we could interrogate nonadiabatic dynamics of thioanisole in terms of both H/D substitutional and conformational structural effects. Nonadiabatic transition probability, estimated by the experimentally measured branching ratio of the nonadiabatically produced ground-state channel giving C6H5S·(X[combining tilde]) versus the adiabatic excited-state channel leading to the C6H5S·(Ã) radical, shows resonance-like increases at symmetric (νs) or asymmetric (7a) S-CH2D (or S-CHD2) stretching mode excitation in S1 for all conformational isomers of two isotopomers. However, absolute probabilistic value of the nonadiabatic transition is found to vary quite drastically depending on different conformers and isotopomers. The experimental finding that nonadiabatic transition dynamics are very sensitive to subtle changes in the nuclear configuration within the Franck-Condon region induced by the H/D substitution indicates that the S1/S2 conical intersection seam is quite narrowly defined in the multi-dimensional nuclear configurational space as far as the S-methyl predissociation reaction is concerned. In order to understand the relation between molecular structure and nonadiabaticity of reaction, potential energy surfaces near S1/S2 conical intersections have been theoretically calculated along νs and 7a normal mode coordinates for all conformational isomers. Slow-electron velocity map imaging (SEVI) spectroscopy is employed to unravel the extent of intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) for particular mode excitations of S1, providing insights into the dynamic interplay between IVR and nonadiabatic transition probability near the conical intersection seam.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongmook Lee
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Lee G, Kim J, Kim SY, Kim DE, Joo T. Vibrational Spectrum of an Excited State and Huang-Rhys Factors by Coherent Wave Packets in Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:670-676. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongjin Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Junwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Physics Department, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, and Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 South Korea
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33
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Garcia GA, Dossmann H, Nahon L, Daly S, Powis I. Identifying and Understanding Strong Vibronic Interaction Effects Observed in the Asymmetry of Chiral Molecule Photoelectron Angular Distributions. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:500-512. [PMID: 27973748 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Héloïse Dossmann
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
- Current address: Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM); 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers; St. Aubin BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Steven Daly
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: Institut Lumiere Matière, UMR5306, CNRS; Université Lyon 1; 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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34
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Liu YH, Wang SM, Wang CW, Zhu C, Han KL, Lin SH. Orientation hydrogen-bonding effect on vibronic spectra of isoquinoline in water solvent: Franck-Condon simulation and interpretation. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164314. [PMID: 27802659 DOI: 10.1063/1.4965959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Wang
- Department of Physics, College of Mathematics and Physics, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Chen-Wen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan
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35
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Rafiee Fanood MM, Janssen MHM, Powis I. Wavelength dependent photoelectron circular dichroism of limonene studied by femtosecond multiphoton laser ionization and electron-ion coincidence imaging. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124320. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurice H. M. Janssen
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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36
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Kim SY, Lee J, Kim SK, Choi YS. Nonplanar structure of C6H5SCF3 facilitates πσ∗-mediated photodissociation reaction on the S1 state. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Krüger S, Grotemeyer J. Analysis of the 1A′ S1 ← 1A′ S0 and 2A′ D0 ← 1A′ S1 band systems in 1,2-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene by means of resonance-enhanced-multi-photon-ionization (REMPI) and mass-analyzed-threshold-ionization (MATI) spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7100-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07909h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
REMPI and MATI spectroscopy have been applied in order to investigate the vibrational structure of 1,2-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene (1,2,4-DCFB), in its first excited (S1) and cationic ground state (D0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Krüger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Jürgen Grotemeyer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
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38
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Andrejeva A, Tuttle WD, Harris JP, Wright TG. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy of bromobenzene and its perdeuterated isotopologue: Assignment of the vibrations of the S0, S1, and D0+ states of bromobenzene and the S0 and D0+ states of iodobenzene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:244320. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4938501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrejeva
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Tuttle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joe P. Harris
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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39
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Powis I, Holland DMP, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C, Schneider M, Soshnikov DY, Dreuw A, Trofimov AB. The influence of the bromine atom Cooper minimum on the photoelectron angular distributions and branching ratios of the four outermost bands of bromobenzene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Antonsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Patanen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computation, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Yu. Soshnikov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computation, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
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40
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Andrejeva A, Tuttle WD, Harris JP, Wright TG. Assignment of the vibrations of the S0, S1, and D0+ states of perhydrogenated and perdeuterated isotopologues of chlorobenzene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:104312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4929996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrejeva
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Tuttle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joe P. Harris
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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41
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Holland D, Powis I, Trofimov A, Bodzuk I, Soshnikov D, Potts A, Karlsson L. A study of the valence shell electronic structure and photoionisation dynamics of ortho-dichlorobenzene, ortho-bromochlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Harris JP, Andrejeva A, Tuttle WD, Pugliesi I, Schriever C, Wright TG. Vibrations of the S1 state of fluorobenzene-h5 and fluorobenzene-d5 via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:244315. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joe P. Harris
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Andrejeva
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Tuttle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Pugliesi
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Christian Schriever
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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43
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44
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Molecular and electronic structures of the NbC2−/0 clusters through the assignment of the anion photoelectron spectra by quantum chemical calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Grant Hill J, Das A. Interaction in the indole⋯imidazole heterodimer: structure, Franck–Condon analysis and energy decomposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11754-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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46
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Gosling MP, Cockett MCR. Hydrogen-bonding in the pyrimidine⋯NH3 van der Waals complex: experiment and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14195-205. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pyrimidine⋯NH3 complex exists as just a single double hydrogen-bonded structure in the gas phase with the ammonia favouring a position which shields it from repulsive interactions with the more remote ring-nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Gosling
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD, UK
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47
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Borrelli R, Capobianco A, Peluso A. Franck–Condon factors—Computational approaches and recent developments. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Algorithms and methodologies for the calculation of Franck–Condon integrals are reviewed. Starting from the standard approach based on the Cartesian representation of the normal modes and the use of Duschinsky's transformation and recursion formulas, methods for treating large displacements of the equilibrium positions and anharmonic and non-Condon effects are considered. Finally, focusing attention on problems arising from the use of recurrence relations, some of the proposed solutions are critically reviewed along with new alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Borrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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48
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Tran VT, Iftner C, Hendrickx MFA. A New Interpretation of the Photoelectron Spectra of CrC2–. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5613-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Afdeling Kwantumchemie en Fysicochemie,
Departement Chemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Iftner
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique
Quantiques, IRSAMC, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc F. A. Hendrickx
- Afdeling Kwantumchemie en Fysicochemie,
Departement Chemie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Gardner AM, Green AM, Tamé-Reyes VM, Wilton VHK, Wright TG. Vibrations of the low energy states of toluene (X̃ (1)A1 and à (1)B2) and the toluene cation (X̃ (2)B1). J Chem Phys 2013; 138:134303. [PMID: 23574223 DOI: 10.1063/1.4796204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We commence by presenting an overview of the assignment of the vibrational frequencies of the toluene molecule in its ground (S0) state. The assignment given is in terms of a recently proposed nomenclature, which allows the ring-localized vibrations to be compared straightforwardly across different monosubstituted benzenes. The frequencies and assignments are based not only on a range of previous work, but also on calculated wavenumbers for both the fully hydrogenated (toluene-h8) and the deuterated-methyl group isotopologue (α3-toluene-d3), obtained from density functional theory (DFT), including artificial-isotope shifts. For the S1 state, one-colour resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy was employed, with the vibrational assignments also being based on previous work and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculated values; but also making use of the activity observed in two-colour zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy. The ZEKE experiments were carried out employing a (1 + 1(')) ionization scheme, using various vibrational levels of the S1 state with an energy <630 cm(-1) as intermediates; as such we only discuss in detail the assignment of the REMPI spectra at wavenumbers <700 cm(-1), referring to the assignment of the ZEKE spectra concurrently. Comparison of the ZEKE spectra for the two toluene isotopologues, as well as with previously reported dispersed-fluorescence spectra, and with the results of DFT calculations, provide insight both into the assignment of the vibrations in the S1 and D0(+) states, as well as the couplings between these vibrations. In particular, insight into the nature of a complicated Fermi resonance feature at ∼460 cm(-1) in the S1 state is obtained, and Fermi resonances in the cation are identified. Finally, we compare activity observed in both REMPI and ZEKE spectroscopy for both toluene isotopologues with that for fluorobenzene and chlorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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50
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Anharmonic Franck–Condon simulation of the absorption and fluorescence spectra for the low-lying S1 and S2 excited states of pyrimidine. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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