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Mousavi SM, Kalashgrani MY, Javanmardi N, Riazi M, Akmal MH, Rahmanian V, Gholami A, Chiang WH. Recent breakthroughs in graphene quantum dot-enhanced sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7041-7062. [PMID: 38946657 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently exhibited considerable potential for diverse biomedical applications owing to their exceptional optical and chemical properties. However, the pronounced heterogeneity in the composition, size, and morphology of GQDs poses challenges for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between their structural attributes and functional properties. This variability also introduces complexities in scaling the production processes and addressing safety considerations. Light and sound have firmly established their role in clinical applications as pivotal energy sources for minimally invasive therapeutic interventions. Given the limited penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) predominantly targets superficial conditions such as dermatological disorders, head and neck malignancies, ocular ailments, and early-stage esophageal cancer. Conversely, ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) capitalizes on its superior ability to propagate and focus ultrasound within biological tissues, enabling a diverse range of therapeutic applications, including the management of gliomas, breast cancer, hematological tumors, and modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Considering the advancements in theranostic and precision therapies, reevaluating these conventional energy sources and their associated sensitizers is imperative. This review introduces three prevalent treatment modalities that harness light and sound stimuli: PDT, SDT, and a synergistic approach that integrates PDT and SDT. This study delineated the therapeutic dynamics and contemporary designs of sensitizers tailored to these modalities. By exploring the historical context of the field and elucidating the latest design strategies, this review underscores the pivotal role of GQDs in propelling the evolution of PDT and SDT. This aspires to stimulate researchers to develop "multimodal" therapies integrating both light and sound stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | | | - Negar Javanmardi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mohsen Riazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, Quebec, J2C 0R5, Canada.
- Centre national intégré du manufacturier intelligent (CNIMI), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
- Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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Merlin JPJ, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Nano-phototherapy: Favorable prospects for cancer treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1930. [PMID: 37752098 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based phototherapies have drawn interest in the fight against cancer because of its noninvasiveness, high flexibility, and precision in terms of cancer targeting and drug delivery based on its surface properties and size. Phototherapy has made remarkable development in recent decades. Approaches to phototherapy, which utilize nanomaterials or nanotechnology have emerged to contribute to advances around nanotechnologies in medicine, particularly for cancers. A brief overviews of the development of photodynamic therapy as well as its mechanism in cancer treatment is provided. We emphasize the design of novel nanoparticles utilized in photodynamic therapy while summarizing the representative progress during the recent years. Finally, to forecast important future research in this area, we examine the viability and promise of photodynamic therapy systems based on nanoparticles in clinical anticancer treatment applications and briefly make mention of the elimination of all reactive metabolites pertaining to nano formulations inside living organisms providing insight into clinical mechanistic processes. Future developments and therapeutic prospects for photodynamic treatments are anticipated. Our viewpoints might encourage scientists to create more potent phototherapy-based cancer therapeutic modalities. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Can Karanlık C, Karanlık G, Özdemir S, Tollu G, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis and characterization of novel BODIPYs and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, photodynamic antimicrobial, antibiofilm and DNA interaction activities. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:101-114. [PMID: 37317040 DOI: 10.1111/php.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we synthesized and characterized new BODIPY derivatives (1-4) having pyridine or thienyl-pyridine substituents at meso- position and 4-dibenzothienyl or benzo[b]thien-2-yl moieties at 2-,6- positions. We investigated fluorescence properties and the ability to form singlet oxygen. In addition, various biological activities of BODIPYs such as DPPH scavenging, DNA binding/cleavage ability, cell viability inhibition, antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and biofilm inhibition properties were performed. BODIPY derivatives BDPY-3 (3) and BDPY-4 (4) have high fluorescence quantum yields as 0.50 and 0.61 and 1 O2 quantum yields were calculated as 0.83 for BDPY-1 (1), 0.12 for BDPY-2 (2), 0.11 for BDPY-3 and 0.23 for BDPY-4. BODIPY derivatives BDPY-2, BDPY-3 and BDPY-4 displayed 92.54 ± 5.41%, 94.20 ± 5.50%, and 95.03 ± 5.54% antioxidant ability, respectively. BODIPY compounds showed excellent DNA chemical nuclease activity. BDPY-2, BDPY-3 and BDPY-4 also exhibited 100% APDT activity against E. coli at all tested concentrations. In addition to these, they demonstrated a highly effective biofilm inhibition activity against Staphyloccous aureus and Pseudomans aeruginosa. BDPY-4 showed the most effective antioxidant and DNA cleavage activity, while BDPY-3 exhibited the most effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gürkan Karanlık
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Tollu
- Department of Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Rajan SS, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Overcoming challenges in cancer treatment: Nano-enabled photodynamic therapy as a viable solution. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1942. [PMID: 38456341 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer presents a formidable challenge, necessitating innovative therapies that maximize effectiveness while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in cancer treatment, particularly through nano-enabled photodynamic therapy (NE-PDT), which leverages precise and targeted interventions. NE-PDT capitalizes on photosensitizers activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Nanoparticle enhancements optimize this process, improving drug delivery, selectivity, and ROS production within tumors. This review dissects NE-PDT's mechanistic framework, showcasing its potential to harness apoptosis as a potent tool in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the review explores the synergy between NE-PDT and complementary treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, highlighting the potential to amplify apoptotic responses, enhance immune recognition of cancer cells, and inhibit resistance mechanisms. Preclinical and clinical advancements in NE-PDT demonstrate its efficacy across various cancer types. Challenges in translating NE-PDT into clinical practice are also addressed, emphasizing the need for optimizing nanoparticle design, refining dosimetry, and ensuring long-term safety. Ultimately, NE-PDT represents a promising approach in cancer therapy, utilizing the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis to address therapeutic hurdles. The review underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between nanoparticles, ROS generation, and apoptotic pathways, contributing to a deeper comprehension of cancer biology and novel therapeutic strategies. As interdisciplinary collaborations continue to thrive, NE-PDT offers hope for effective and targeted cancer interventions, where apoptosis manipulation becomes central to conquering cancer. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja S Rajan
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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5
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Waite R, Adams CT, Chisholm DR, Sims CHC, Hughes JG, Dias E, White EA, Welsby K, Botchway SW, Whiting A, Sharples GJ, Ambler CA. The antibacterial activity of a photoactivatable diarylacetylene against Gram-positive bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243818. [PMID: 37808276 PMCID: PMC10556703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to human health, and therefore, alternatives to existing compounds are urgently needed. In this context, a novel fluorescent photoactivatable diarylacetylene has been identified and characterised for its antibacterial activity, which preferentially eliminates Gram-positive over Gram-negative bacteria. Experiments confirmed that the Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide-rich outer surface is responsible for tolerance, as strains with reduced outer membrane integrity showed increased susceptibility. Additionally, bacteria deficient in oxidative damage repair pathways also displayed enhanced sensitivity, confirming that reactive oxygen species production is the mechanism of antibacterial activity. This new diarylacetylene shows promise as an antibacterial agent against Gram-positive bacteria that can be activated in situ, potentially for the treatment of skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Waite
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Joshua G. Hughes
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Dias
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. White
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Welsby
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Whiting
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Sharples
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A. Ambler
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom
- LightOx Limited, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051098. [PMID: 33652904 PMCID: PMC7956640 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the research on conjugated polymers (CPs) has been mainly focused on their application in organic electronics. Recent works, however, show that due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of CPs, such as high absorption in UV–Vis or even near-infrared (NIR) region and efficient intra-/intermolecular energy transfer, which can be relatively easily optimized, CPs can be considered as an effective light-activated source of versatile and highly reactive singlet oxygen for medical or catalytic use. The aim of this short review is to present the novel possibilities that lie dormant in those exceptional polymers with the extended system of π-conjugated bonds.
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7
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Abebe A, Bayeh Y, Belay M, Gebretsadik T, Thomas M, Linert W. Mono and binuclear cobalt(II) mixed ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and adenine using 1,3-diaminopropane as a spacer: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity investigations. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coordination compounds, in particular cobalt(II) mixed ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenantroline, have drawn the attention of many investigators as some of them are showing antimicrobial activities.
Result
Herein, we report three novel mixed ligand complexes of cobalt(II) having the formulae [Co(L1)2(H2O)2]Cl2, [Co(L1)2(L2)(H2O)]Cl2 and [Co2(L1)4(L2)2(L3)]Cl4 (L1 = 1,10-phenanthroline, L2 = adenine, L3 = 1,3-diaminepropane) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, infrared, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Octahedral geometries are proposed to all the complexes. In vitro antibacterial activities of the ligands, salt, and metal complexes were tested on four pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermis) using disc diffusion method.
Conclusions
It is interesting to note that the newly synthesized cobalt(II) complexes are active against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) even though cobalt(II) complexes are well known for their activity against gram positive bacteria.
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8
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Zinc(II), copper(II) and nickel(II) ions improve the selectivity of tetra-cationic platinum(II) porphyrins in photodynamic therapy and stimulate antioxidant defenses in the metastatic melanoma lineage (A375). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Singh N, Kumar P, Kumar R, Riaz U. Ultrasound-Assisted Polymerization of Dyes with Phenylenediamines: Facile Method To Design Polymeric Photosensitizers with Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation Characteristics and Anticancer Activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Singh
- Materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | | | - Ufana Riaz
- Materials Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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10
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Kwiatkowski S, Knap B, Przystupski D, Saczko J, Kędzierska E, Knap-Czop K, Kotlińska J, Michel O, Kotowski K, Kulbacka J. Photodynamic therapy - mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1098-1107. [PMID: 30119176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 999] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern and non-invasive form of therapy, used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases as well as cancers of various types and locations. It is based on the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound - the photosensitizer, which is accumulated in pathological tissues. The photosensitizer molecules absorb the light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the selective destruction of the inappropriate cells. The photocytotoxic reactions occur only within the pathological tissues, in the area of photosensitizer distribution, enabling selective destruction. Over the last decade, a significant acceleration in the development of nanotechnology has been observed. The combination of photosensitizers with nanomaterials can improve the photodynamic therapy efficiency and eliminate its side effects as well. The use of nanoparticles enables achievement a targeted method which is focused on specific receptors, and, as a result, increases the selectivity of the photodynamic therapy. The object of this review is the anticancer application of PDT, its advantages and possible modifications to potentiate its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Knap
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Przystupski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Knap-Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kotlińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kotowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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Sadiq F, Zhao J, Hussain M, Wang Z. Effect of thiophene substitution on the intersystem crossing of arene photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1794-1803. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene substitution gives energy level-matched S1/T2 states and the ISC is enhanced, which was not observed with phenyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Mushraf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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12
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Martelo LM, das Neves TFP, Figueiredo J, Marques L, Fedorov A, Charas A, Berberan-Santos MN, Burrows HD. Towards the Development of a Low-Cost Device for the Detection of Explosives Vapors by Fluorescence Quenching of Conjugated Polymers in Solid Matrices. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112532. [PMID: 29099776 PMCID: PMC5712976 DOI: 10.3390/s17112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have proved to be promising chemosensory materials for detecting nitroaromatic explosives vapors, as they quickly convert a chemical interaction into an easily-measured high-sensitivity optical output. The nitroaromatic analytes are strongly electron-deficient, whereas the conjugated polymer sensing materials are electron-rich. As a result, the photoexcitation of the CP is followed by electron transfer to the nitroaromatic analyte, resulting in a quenching of the light-emission from the conjugated polymer. The best CP in our studies was found to be poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-bithiophene] (F8T2). It is photostable, has a good absorption between 400 and 450 nm, and a strong and structured fluorescence around 550 nm. Our studies indicate up to 96% quenching of light-emission, accompanied by a marked decrease in the fluorescence lifetime, upon exposure of the films of F8T2 in ethyl cellulose to nitrobenzene (NB) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) vapors at room temperature. The effects of the polymeric matrix, plasticizer, and temperature have been studied, and the morphology of films determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We have used ink jet printing to produce sensor films containing both sensor element and a fluorescence reference. In addition, a high dynamic range, intensity-based fluorometer, using a laser diode and a filtered photodiode was developed for use with this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Martelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - João Figueiredo
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lino Marques
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alexander Fedorov
- Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR), University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Charas
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mário N Berberan-Santos
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) and the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Schelkle KM, Bender M, Beck S, Jeltsch KF, Stolz S, Zimmermann J, Weitz RT, Pucci A, Müllen K, Hamburger M, Bunz UHF. Photo-Cross-Linkable Polymeric Optoelectronics Based on the [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cinnamic Acid. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krischan F. Jeltsch
- BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stolz
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Lichttechnisches
Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Engesser
Straße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R. Thomas Weitz
- BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics
of Nanostructures, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße
54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut
für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- InnovationLab GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Nakahama T, Kitagawa D, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Kobatake S. Optical properties and solvatofluorochromism of fluorene derivatives bearing S,S-dioxidized thiophene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1254-1263. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene derivatives having phenylthiophene or benzothiophene showed strong solvatofluorochromism by the oxidation of the thiophene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumoto Nakahama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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15
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Chowdary PD, Che DL, Kaplan L, Chen O, Pu K, Bawendi M, Cui B. Nanoparticle-assisted optical tethering of endosomes reveals the cooperative function of dyneins in retrograde axonal transport. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18059. [PMID: 26656461 PMCID: PMC4674899 DOI: 10.1038/srep18059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynein-dependent transport of organelles from the axon terminals to the cell bodies is essential to the survival and function of neurons. However, quantitative knowledge of dyneins on axonal organelles and their collective function during this long-distance transport is lacking because current technologies to do such measurements are not applicable to neurons. Here, we report a new method termed nanoparticle-assisted optical tethering of endosomes (NOTE) that made it possible to study the cooperative mechanics of dyneins on retrograde axonal endosomes in live neurons. In this method, the opposing force from an elastic tether causes the endosomes to gradually stall under load and detach with a recoil velocity proportional to the dynein forces. These recoil velocities reveal that the axonal endosomes, despite their small size, can recruit up to 7 dyneins that function as independent mechanical units stochastically sharing load, which is vital for robust retrograde axonal transport. This study shows that NOTE, which relies on controlled generation of reactive oxygen species, is a viable method to manipulate small cellular cargos that are beyond the reach of current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D. Chowdary
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 380 Roth Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daphne L. Che
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 380 Roth Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luke Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 380 Roth Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachussets Institute of Technology, 77 Massachussets Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.3, B2-05, Singapore 637459
| | - Moungi Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachussets Institute of Technology, 77 Massachussets Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 380 Roth Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Willis-Fox N, Marques AT, Arlt J, Scherf U, Carlos LD, Burrows HD, Evans RC. Synergistic photoluminescence enhancement in conjugated polymer-di-ureasil organic-inorganic composites. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7227-7237. [PMID: 29861958 PMCID: PMC5947540 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer between a hybrid di-ureasil host and conjugated polymer dopants results in a dramatic enhancement in the photoluminescence quantum yield due to exciton isolation at long-lived trap sites.
Poly(fluorene) conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)-di-ureasil organic–inorganic composites have been prepared using a versatile sol–gel processing method, which enables selective localisation of the CPE within the di-ureasil matrix. Introduction of the CPE during the sol–gel reaction leads to a homogeneous distribution of the CPE throughout the di-ureasil, whereas a post-synthesis solvent permeation route leads to the formation of a confined layer of the CPE at the di-ureasil surface. The CPE and the di-ureasil both function as photoactive components, contributing directly to, and enhancing the optical properties of their composite material. The bright blue photoluminescence exhibited by CPE-di-ureasils is reminiscent of the parent CPE; however the distinct contribution of the di-ureasil to the steady-state emission profile is also apparent. This is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the photoluminescence quantum yield to >50%, which is a direct consequence of the synergy between the two components. Picosecond time-correlated single photon counting measurements reveal that the di-ureasil effectively isolates the CPE chains, leading to emissive trap sites which have a high radiative probability. Moreover, intimate mixing of the CPE and the di-ureasil, coupled with their strong spectral overlap, results in efficient excitation energy transfer from the di-ureasil to these emissive traps. Given the simple, solution-based fabrication method and the structural tunability of the two components, this approach presents an efficient route to highly desirable CPE-hybrid materials whose optoelectronic properties may be enhanced and tailored for a targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Willis-Fox
- School of Chemistry and CRANN , Trinity College , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Ana-Teresa Marques
- Makromolekulare Chemie , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , 42097 Wuppertal , Germany.,Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jochen Arlt
- Collaborative Optical Spectroscopy , Micromanipulation and Imaging Centre (COSMIC) and SUPA , School of Physics and Astronomy , King's Buildings , University of Edinburgh , EH9 3JZ , UK
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Makromolekulare Chemie , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , 42097 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Luís D Carlos
- Departamento de Física and CICECO , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rachel C Evans
- School of Chemistry and CRANN , Trinity College , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
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17
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Ramos ML, Justino LL, Branco A, Fonseca SM, Burrows HD. Theoretical and experimental insights into the complexation of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate with divalent ions of Group 12 metals. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Ramos ML, Justino LLG, Salvador AIN, de Sousa ARE, Abreu PE, Fonseca SM, Burrows HD. NMR, DFT and luminescence studies of the complexation of Al(III) with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate. Dalton Trans 2013; 41:12478-89. [PMID: 22955198 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31381b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C and (27)Al) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D and 2D), DFT calculations and fluorescence have been used to study the complexation of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate (8-HQS) with Al(III). The study combines the high sensitivity of luminescence techniques, the selectivity of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy with the structural details accessible through DFT calculations, and aims to provide a detailed understanding of the complexation between the Al(3+) ion and 8-HQS. A full speciation study has been performed and over the concentration region studied, the Al(3+) ion forms complexes with 8-HQS in an aqueous solution in the pH range 2-6. At higher pH, the extensive hydrolysis of the metal limits complexation. Using Job's method, three complexes were detected, with 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 (metal : ligand) stoichiometries. These results are in agreement with those previously reported using potentiometric and electrochemical techniques. The geometries of the complexes are proposed based on the combination of NMR results with optimized DFT calculations. All the complexes in aqueous solutions at 25 °C are mononuclear species, and have an approximately octahedral geometry with the metal coordinated to one molecule of 8-HQS and four molecules of water (1 : 1 complex), two molecules of 8-HQS and two molecules of water mutually cis (1 : 2 complex), and to three molecules of 8-HQS in non-symmetrical arrangement (mer-isomer), for the 1 : 3 (metal : ligand) complex. On binding to Al(III), 8-HQS shows a more marked fluorescence than the weakly fluorescent free ligand. In addition, as previously noted, there are marked changes in the absorption spectra, which support the use of 8-HQS as a sensitive optical sensor to detect Al(3+) metal ions in surface waters and biological fluids. These complexes also show potential for applications in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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19
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Ramos ML, de Sousa ARE, Justino LLG, Fonseca SM, Geraldes CFGC, Burrows HD. Structural and photophysical studies on gallium(iii) 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonates. Does excited state decay involve ligand photolabilisation? Dalton Trans 2013; 42:3682-94. [PMID: 23299787 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32587j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Xie LH, Yin CR, Lai WY, Fan QL, Huang W. Polyfluorene-based semiconductors combined with various periodic table elements for organic electronics. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Silva P, Fonseca SM, Arranja CT, Burrows HD, Urbano AM, Sobral AJFN. A new nonconjugated naphthalene derivative of meso-tetra-(3-hydroxy)-phenyl-porphyrin as a potential sensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 86:1147-53. [PMID: 20553404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new 5,10,15,20-tetra-(phenoxy-3-carbonyl-1-amino-naphthyl)-porphyrin was prepared by an isocyanate condensation reaction and its photophysical properties fully evaluated, both in terms of photostability and singlet oxygen production. It shows considerably enhanced photostability when compared with the parent 5,10,15,20-tetra-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-porphyrin, with the photodegradation quantum yields for T(NAF)PP and T(OH)PP being 4.65×10(-4) and 5.19×10(-3) , respectively. Its photodynamic effect in human carcinoma HT-29 cells was evaluated. The new porphyrin showed good properties as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy with an in vitro cytotoxicity IC(50) value of 6.80μg mL(-1) for a 24h incubation. In addition to the potential of this compound, the synthetic route used provides possibilities of extension to a wide range of new sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva
- Departamento de Química, FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Soon YW, Clarke TM, Zhang W, Agostinelli T, Kirkpatrick J, Dyer-Smith C, McCulloch I, Nelson J, Durrant JR. Energy versuselectron transfer in organic solar cells: a comparison of the photophysics of two indenofluorene: fullerene blend films. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00606h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Gutacker A, Koenen N, Scherf U, Adamczyk S, Pina J, Fonseca SM, Valente AJ, Evans RC, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Knaapila M. Cationic fluorene-thiophene diblock copolymers: Aggregation behaviour in methanol/water and its relation to thin film structures. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Burrows HD, Narwark O, Peetz R, Thorn-Csányi E, Monkman AP, Hamblett I, Navaratnam S. Mechanistic studies on the photodegradation of 2,5-dialkyloxyl-substituted para-phenylenevinylene oligomers by singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:942-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Justino LLG, Ramos ML, Abreu PE, Carvalho RA, Sobral AJFN, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Conformational studies of poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)s in solution using NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11808-21. [PMID: 19663434 DOI: 10.1021/jp902666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relationships have been obtained between intermonomer torsional angle and NMR chemical shifts ((1)H and (13)C) for isolated chains of two of the most important poly(9,9-dialkylfluorenes), poly[9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] (PF2/6) and the copolymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-[2,1,3]benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl) (F8BT), using DFT calculations. The correlations provide a model for NMR spectral data interpretation and the basis for analysis of conformational changes in poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-diyl)s. The correlations obtained for PF2/6 indicate that the (13)C chemical shifts of the aromatic carbons close to the intermonomer connection (C1, C2, and C3) have minimum values at planar conformations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) and maximum values at 90 degrees conformations. In contrast, the (1)H chemical shifts of the corresponding aromatic ortho protons (Ha and Hb) are greatest for planar conformations, and the minimum values are seen for 90 degrees conformations. For the F8BT copolymer, similar relationships are observed for the (1)H (Ha, Hb, and Hc) aromatic shifts. Considering the aromatic carbons of F8BT, the behavior of C2, C4, C5, and C6 is similar to that found for the PF2/6 carbons. However, C1 and C3 of the fluorene moiety behave differently with varying torsion angle. These are in close proximity to the fluorene-benzothiadiazole linkage and are markedly affected by interactions with the thiadiazole unit such that delta(C1) is a maximum for 180 degrees and a minimum for 0 degrees , whereas delta(C3) is a maximum for 0 degrees and minimum for 180 degrees. We have studied the (1)H and (13)C spectra of the two polymers at temperatures between -50 degrees C and +65 degrees C. The observed changes to higher or lower frequency in the aromatic resonances were analyzed using these theoretical relationships. Fluorescence studies on PF2/6 in chloroform solution suggest there are no significant interchain interactions under these conditions. This is supported by variable-temperature NMR results. Polymer-solvent and polymer intramolecular interactions were found to be present and influence all of the alkylic and one of the aromatic (1)H resonances (Hb). The detailed attribution of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of the two polymers was made prior to the establishment of the relationships between torsion angle and NMR chemical shifts. This was carried out through DFT calculation of the (1)H and (13)C shielding constants of the monomers, coupled with distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectra. Several DFT levels of calculation were tested for both optimization of structures and shielding constants calculation. The B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method was found to perform well in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínia L G Justino
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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26
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Burrows HD, Tapia MJ, Fonseca SM, Valente AJM, Lobo VMM, Justino LLG, Qiu S, Pradhan S, Scherf U, Chattopadhyay N, Knaapila M, Garamus VM. Aqueous solution behavior of anionic fluorene-co-thiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:864-874. [PMID: 20356013 DOI: 10.1021/am800267n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two anionic fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymers, poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,5-thienylene] (PBS-PFT) and poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-diyl] (PBS-PF2T), have been synthesized and their solution behaviors in water studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and electrical conductivity and compared with that of the previously studied conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-1,4-phenylene] (PBS-PFP). These conjugated polymers do not form solutions at the molecular level in water but instead form clusters. Information on the structure of these clusters for PBS-PF2T comes from small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. The relative ease of dispersing the copolymers in water increases with an increase in the number of thiophene rings in these alternating copolymers. Semiempirical calculations on the structure suggest that this results from bending of the chains and increased conformational flexibility, decreasing interchain interactions. These CPEs can be dissolved in water at the molecular level using the nonionic surfactants n-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether (C12E5) or Triton X-100 to obtain systems with increased photoluminescence quantum yield and increased electrical conductivity that can be solution-processed for potential applications as components of sensory or optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Burrows
- Departamento de Quimica and Centro de Neurociencias e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Maçanita AL, Galbrecht F, Bünnagel T, Scherf U. Alternating Binaphthyl−Thiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Photophysics and Their Relevance to the Question of Energy Migration versus Conformational Relaxation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Pina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - H. D. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. L. Maçanita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F. Galbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Bünnagel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U. Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, s/n. Lisboa, Portugal, and Makromolekulare Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaussstr. 20, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Abbel R, Wolffs M, Bovee RAA, van Dongen JLJ, Lou X, Henze O, Feast WJ, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ. Side-Chain Degradation of Ultrapure π-Conjugated Oligomers: Implications for Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:597-602. [PMID: 21161989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Abbel
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
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29
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King SM, Matheson R, Dias FB, Monkman AP. Enhanced Triplet Formation by Twisted Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited States in Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8010-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. King
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - R. Matheson
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - F. B. Dias
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Monkman
- Durham Photonic Materials Institute, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LN, United Kingdom
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30
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Pina J, Seixas de Melo J, Burrows HD, Bilge A, Farrell T, Forster M, Scherf U. Spectral and photophysical studies on cruciform oligothiophenes in solution and the solid state. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:15100-6. [PMID: 16884222 DOI: 10.1021/jp060707t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and spectroscopic properties of a new class of oligothiophene derivatives, designated as cruciform oligomers, have been investigated in solution (room and low temperature) and in the solid state (as thin films in Zeonex matrixes). The study comprises absorption, emission, and triplet-triplet absorption spectra, together with quantitative measurements of quantum yields (fluorescence, intersystem crossing, internal conversion, and singlet oxygen formation) and lifetimes. The overall data allow the determination of the rate constants for all decay processes. From these, several conclusions are drawn. First, in solution, the main deactivation channels for the compounds are the radiationless processes: S(1) --> S(0) internal conversion and S(1) --> T(1) intersystem crossing. Second, in general, in the solid state, the fluorescence quantum yields decrease relative to solution. A comparison is made with the analogous linear alpha-oligothiophenes, revealing a lower fluorescence quantum efficiency and, in contrast to the normal oligothiophenes, that internal conversion is an important channel for the deactivation of the singlet excited state. Replacement of thiophene by 1,4-phenylene units in the longer-sized cruciform oligomer increases the fluorescence efficiency. The highly efficient generation of singlet oxygen through energy transfer from the triplet state (S(Delta) approximately 1) provides support for the measured intersystem crossing quantum yields and suggests that reaction with this may be an important pathway to consider for degradation of devices produced with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pina
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Chen HL, Huang YF, Hsu CP, Lim TS, Kuo LC, Leung MK, Chao TC, Wong KT, Chen SA, Fann W. Direct Measurements of Intersystem Crossing Rates and Triplet Decays of Luminescent Conjugated Oligomers in Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9424-30. [PMID: 17696510 DOI: 10.1021/jp0740651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to determine the relaxations of the photoexcited singlet state of two PPV and polyfluorene oligomers, (E,E)-1,4-bis[(2-benzyloxy)styryl]benzene (PVDOP) and ter(9,9'-spirobifluorene) (TSBF). The decay rates of different S1 relaxation channels, which include intersystem crossing (ISC), radiative, and nonradiative decay can be determined by the combination of photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) and the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. The triplet state energy level is determined by the phosphorescence (Ph) spectra recorded at 77 K. The ISC yields are approximately 3% and 6% for PVDOP and TSBF, respectively. The T1 to S0 transition decay rate is acquired by PAC and photothermal beam deflection (PBD) measurements. The triplet state decay rate is 17 and 21 ms(-1) at room temperature. The Ph intensity decay at 77 K shows that the triplet state lifetime increases by 4 orders of magnitude, as compared to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Liang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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32
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Gómez R, Veldman D, Blanco R, Seoane C, Segura JL, Janssen RAJ. Energy and Electron Transfer in a Poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) Bearing Perylenediimides as Pendant Electron Acceptor Groups. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Veldman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Seoane
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - José L. Segura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, and Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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