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Rapid preparation of nanogels by photopolymerization at 532 nm. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111943. [PMID: 34243031 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of laser beam expansion was used to rapidly prepare nanogels by photopolymerization at 532 nm under low monomer concentration. According to the unique micellar morphology formed by amphiphilic polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) in water, the monomer concentration was largely decreased to increase the distance of micellar aggregates. In this case, the photo-crosslinking could prefer to occur inside the micelles instead of crosslinking between the micellar aggregates. The variations of double bond content with reaction time in different beam expansion experiments were investigated. Finally, nanogels with uniform size could be rapidly prepared by regulating the reaction parameters, including monomer concentration, reaction time and power density.
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Advanced engineered nanoparticulate platforms to address key biological barriers for delivering chemotherapeutic agents to target sites. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:170-188. [PMID: 32622022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread development of nanocarriers to deliver chemotherapeutics to specific tumor sites has been motivated by the lack of selective targeting during chemotherapy inducing serious side effects and low therapeutic efficacy. The utmost challenge in targeted cancer therapies is the ineffective drug delivery system, in which the drug-loaded nanocarriers are hindered by multiple complex biological barriers that compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Despite considerable progress engineering novel nanoplatforms for the delivery of chemotherapeutics, there has been limited success in a clinical setting. In this review, we identify and analyze design strategies for improved therapeutic efficacy and unique properties of nanoplatforms, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanogels, and dendrimers. We provide a comprehensive and integral description of key biological barriers that nanoplatforms are exposed to during their in vivo journey and discuss associated strategies to overcome these barriers based on the latest research and information available in the field. We expect this review to provide constructive information for the rational design of more effective nanoplatforms to advance precision therapies and accelerate their clinical translation.
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Influence of Buffers, Ionic Strength, and pH on the Volume Phase Transition Behavior of Acrylamide-Based Nanogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112590. [PMID: 33158221 PMCID: PMC7694245 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of covalently crosslinked nanogels for applications in biology and medicine is dependent on their properties and characteristics, which often change because of the biological media involved. Understanding the role of salts, ionic strength and pH in altering specific properties is key to progress in this area. We studied the effect of both chemical structure and media environment on the thermoresponsive behavior of nanogels. A small library of methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinked nanogels were prepared using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) or N-n-propylacrylamide (NPAM), in combination with functional monomers N-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAM) and N-acryloyl-l-proline (APrOH). The thermoresponsive properties of nanogels were evaluated in phosphate buffer, tris-acetate buffer and Ringer HEPES, with varying concentrations and ionic strengths. The presence of ions facilitates the phase separation of nanogels, and this “salting-out” effect strongly depends on the electrolyte concentration as well as the specificity of individual anions, e.g., their positions in the Hofmeister series. A subtle change in the chemical structure of the side chain of the monomer from NIPAM to NPAM leads to a reduction of the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) value by ~10 °C. The addition of hydrophilic comonomers such as HEAM, on the other hand, causes a ~20 °C shift in VPTT to higher values. The data highlight the significant role played by the chemical structure of the monomers used, with hydrophobicity and rigidity closely interlinked in determining thermoresponsive behavior. Furthermore, the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of nanogels copolymerized with ionizable APrOH comonomer can be tailored by changes in the pH of buffer solutions. This temperature-controlled phase transition is driven by intricate interplay involving the entropy of mixing, electrostatic interactions, conformational transitions, and structural rigidity. These results highlight the importance of understanding the physiochemical properties and behavior of covalently crosslinked nanogels in a biological environment prior to their applications in life-science, such as temperature/pH-triggered drug delivery systems.
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Yao H, Li X, Shi X, Qiu G, Lu X. Synthesis and self-assembly of multiple-responsive magnetic nanogels. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xueting Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Gao Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xihua Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
- Anhui Microdelivery Smart Microcapsule Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd.; 1188 Xihu First Road Tongling Anhui 244000 China
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Vashist A, Kaushik A, Vashist A, Bala J, Nikkhah-Moshaie R, Sagar V, Nair M. Nanogels as potential drug nanocarriers for CNS drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1436-1443. [PMID: 29775669 PMCID: PMC6598698 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have versatile applications such, as tissue engineering, scaffolds, drug delivery, and regenerative medicines. The drawback of higher size and poor stability in such DDSs are being addressed by developing nano-sized hydrogel particles, known as nanogels, to achieve the desired biocompatibility and encapsulation efficiency for better efficacy than conventional bulk hydrogels. In this review, we describe advances in the development of nanogels and their promotion as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). We also discuss the challenges, possible solutions, and future prospects for the use of nanogel-based DDSs for CNS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Vashist
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Atul Vashist
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jyoti Bala
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roozbeh Nikkhah-Moshaie
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuro-Immune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Coll Crespi M, Crespo GA, Xie X, Touilloux R, Tercier-Waeber M, Bakker E. Agarose hydrogel containing immobilized pH buffer microemulsion without increasing permselectivity. Talanta 2018; 177:191-196. [PMID: 29108575 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A heterogeneous pH buffer based on a colloidal emulsion containing ion-exchanger and lipophilic base is described that can be integrated into hydrogels without affecting their ion-exchange properties. Each sphere works on the basis of reversible ion-exchange of hydrogen ions with solution cations, acting as a pH buffer while staying removed from solution in the nonpolar core of the spheres. The ion-exchange mechanism is supported by titration experiments in aqueous emulsion, showing that the nature and concentration of the exchanging solution cations influences the buffer action, with increasing lipophilicity moving the equilibrium to lower pH values. Agarose gels with entrapped pH buffer emulsions and mounted in a transport cell are shown by zero current potentiometry to exhibit negligible permselective properties above an ionic strength of 1mM, a behavior no different from unmodified agarose, with an observed ion-exchanger concentration of 7mM in dry agarose. This suggests that such pH buffers do not give rise to substantial ion-exchange properties of the gel material. In a first attempt to control the pH in the vicinity of an electrode surface by this approach, the emulsion was entrapped in an agarose gel in direct contact with a pH electrode, demonstrating the ability to buffer such gel films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Coll Crespi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Applied Physical Chemistry Division, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Romain Touilloux
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylou Tercier-Waeber
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ekkelenkamp AE, Elzes MR, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Responsive crosslinked polymer nanogels for imaging and therapeutics delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:210-235. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are water-soluble crosslinked polymer networks with tremendous potential in targeted imaging and controlled drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie E. Ekkelenkamp
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - M. Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
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Li X, Li X, Shi X, Qiu G, Lu X. Thermosensitive DEA/DMA copolymer nanogel: Low initiator induced synthesis and structural colored colloidal array’s optical properties. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hydrogel Micro-/Nanosphere Coated by a Lipid Bilayer: Preparation and Microscopic Probing. Gels 2017; 3:gels3010007. [PMID: 30920504 PMCID: PMC6318628 DOI: 10.3390/gels3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The result of polymeric nanogels and lipid vesicles interaction—lipobeads—can be considered as multipurpose containers for future therapeutic applications, such as targeted anticancer chemotherapy with superior tumor response and minimum side effects. In this work, micrometer sized lipobeads were synthesized by two methods: (i) mixing separately prepared microgels made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) and phospholipid vesicles of micrometer or nanometer size and (ii) polymerization within the lipid vesicles. For the first time, a high vacuum scanning electron microscopy was shown to be suitable for a quick validation of the structural organization of wet lipobeads and their constituents without special sample preparation. In particular, the structural difference of microgels prepared by thermal and UV-polymerization in different solvents was revealed and three types of giant liposomes were recognized under high vacuum in conjunction with their size, composition, and method of preparation. Importantly, the substructure of the hydrogel core and multi- and unilamellar constructions of the peripheral lipid part were explicitly distinguished on the SEM images of lipobeads, justifying the spontaneous formation of a lipid bilayer on the surface of microgels and evidencing an energetically favorable structural organization of the hydrogel/lipid bilayer assembly. This key property can facilitate lipobeads’ preparation and decrease technological expenses on their scaled production. The comparison of the SEM imaging with the scanning confocal and atomic force microscopies data are also presented in the discussion.
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Molina M, Asadian-Birjand M, Balach J, Bergueiro J, Miceli E, Calderón M. Stimuli-responsive nanogel composites and their application in nanomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6161-86. [PMID: 26505057 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are nanosized crosslinked polymer networks capable of absorbing large quantities of water. Specifically, smart nanogels are interesting because of their ability to respond to biomedically relevant changes like pH, temperature, etc. In the last few decades, hybrid nanogels or composites have been developed to overcome the ever increasing demand for new materials in this field. In this context, a hybrid refers to nanogels combined with different polymers and/or with nanoparticles such as plasmonic, magnetic, and carbonaceous nanoparticles, among others. Research activities are focused nowadays on using multifunctional hybrid nanogels in nanomedicine, not only as drug carriers but also as imaging and theranostic agents. In this review, we will describe nanogels, particularly in the form of composites or hybrids applied in nanomedicine.
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Chen Q, Wei D, Chen H, Zhu L, Jiao C, Liu G, Huang L, Yang J, Wang L, Zheng J. Simultaneous Enhancement of Stiffness and Toughness in Hybrid Double-Network Hydrogels via the First, Physically Linked Network. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Dandan Wei
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | | | - Lin Zhu
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Caicai Jiao
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Ge Liu
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
- School of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 300071
| | - Lina Huang
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Jia Yang
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Libo Wang
- School of Material
Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
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Abstract
Double network (DN) hydrogels as promising soft-and-tough materials intrinsically possess extraordinary mechanical strength and toughness due to their unique contrasting network structures, strong interpenetrating network entanglement, and efficient energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
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Super-porous nanocomposite PNIPAm hydrogels reinforced with titania nanoparticles, displaying a very fast temperature response as well as pH-sensitivity. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
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Chen Q, Zhu L, Huang L, Chen H, Xu K, Tan Y, Wang P, Zheng J. Fracture of the Physically Cross-Linked First Network in Hybrid Double Network Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402542r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Lin Zhu
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Lina Huang
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China 454003
| | - Hong Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Kun Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China 130022
| | - Yin Tan
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China 130022
| | - Pixin Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China 130022
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Wang ZK, Wang LH, Sun JT, Han LF, Hong CY. In situ generation of bioreducible and acid labile nanogels/microgels simply via adding water into the polymerization system. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py21058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yin BC, Ye BC, Wang H, Zhu Z, Tan W. Colorimetric logic gates based on aptamer-crosslinked hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1248-50. [PMID: 22158758 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15639j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel molecular logic gate system based on the incorporation of aptamer-crosslinked hydrogels. Modified gold nanoparticles are used as the output signal, which is visible to the naked eye. This system is designed for AND and OR operations using two chemicals as stimulus inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Cheng Yin
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Design and engineering of nanogels for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:457-63. [PMID: 21414419 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide a comprehensive insight into current advances in the use of nanogel-mediated chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Nanogels are composed of cross-linked three-dimensional polymer chain networks that are formed via covalent linkages or self-assembly processes. The porosity between the cross-linked networks of nanogels not only provides an ideal reservoir for loading drugs, oligonucleotides and imaging agents, but also protects them from environmental degradation and hazards. Here, we focus mainly on novel synthetic strategies and key considerations in the design of nanogel-based drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Mohan Yallapu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research/University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
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Schwall CT, Banerjee IA. Micro- and Nanoscale Hydrogel Systems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5445705 DOI: 10.3390/ma2020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit for targeted drug delivery systems has led to the development of highly improved biomaterials with enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Micro- and nanoscale components of hydrogels prepared from both natural and artificial components have been gaining significant importance due to their potential uses in cell based therapies, tissue engineering, liquid micro-lenses, cancer therapy, and drug delivery. In this review some of the recent methodologies used in the preparation of a number of synthetic hydrogels such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol methylacrylate co-polymers (PVA-MA) and polylactic acid (PLA), as well as some of the natural hydrogels and their applications have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ipsita A. Banerjee
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +1-718-817-4445; Fax: +1-718-817-4432
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Zhang P, Huang X, Fu J, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Tang X. A One-Pot Approach to Novel Cross-Linked Polyphosphazene Microspheres with Active Amino Groups. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Horta A, Piérola IF. Poly(N-vinylimidazole) Gels as Insoluble Buffers that Neutralize Acid Solutions without Dissolving. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4226-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809682d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Horta
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés F. Piérola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Horta A, Molina MJ, Gómez-Antón MR, Piérola IF. The pH Inside a pH-Sensitive Gel Swollen in Aqueous Salt Solutions: Poly(N-vinylimidazole). Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Horta
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Gómez-Antón
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés F. Piérola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Horta A, Molina MJ, Gómez-Antón MR, Piérola IF. The pH Inside a Swollen Polyelectrolyte Gel: Poly(N-Vinylimidazole). J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10123-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Horta
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Gómez-Antón
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés F. Piérola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Calvino-Casilda V, López-Peinado AJ, Vaganova E, Yitzchaik S, Pacios IE, Piérola IF. Porosity Inherent to Chemically Crosslinked Polymers. Poly(N-vinylimidazole) Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2809-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Calvino-Casilda
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. J. López-Peinado
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Vaganova
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Yitzchaik
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. E. Pacios
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. F. Piérola
- Department Química Inorgánica y Química Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel, and Department de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kazakov S, Bonvouloir E, Gazaryan I. Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Ionic Microreservoirs: Bacillus subtilisDormant Spores. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:2233-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077188u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Molina MJ, Gómez-Antón MR, Piérola IF. Determination of the Parameters Controlling Swelling of Chemically Cross-Linked pH-Sensitive Poly(N-vinylimidazole) Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12066-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jesús Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Gómez-Antón
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés F. Piérola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative and infectious disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke are rapidly increasing as population's age. Alzheimer's disease alone currently affects 4.5 million Americans, and more than $100 billion is spent per year on medical and institutional care for affected people. Such numbers will double in the ensuing decades. Currently disease diagnosis for all disorders is made, in large measure, on clinical grounds as laboratory and neuroimaging tests confirm what is seen by more routine examination. Achieving early diagnosis would enable improved disease outcomes. Drugs, vaccines or regenerative proteins present "real" possibilities for positively affecting disease outcomes, but are limited in that their entry into the brain is commonly restricted across the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights how these obstacles can be overcome by polymer science and nanotechnology. Such approaches may improve diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes. New developments in polymer science coupled with cell-based delivery strategies support the notion that diseases that now have limited therapeutic options can show improved outcomes by advances in nanomedicine.
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