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Cerezo J, Gierschner J, Santoro F, Prampolini G. Explicit Modelling of Spectral Bandshapes by a Mixed Quantum-Classical Approach: Solvent Order and Temperature Effects in the Optical Spectra of Distyrylbenzene. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400307. [PMID: 38728539 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The absorption and emission spectral shapes of a flexible organic probe, the distyrylbenzene (DSB) dye, are simulated accounting for the effect of different environments of increasing complexity, ranging from a homogeneous, low-molecular- weight solvent, to a long-chain alkane, and, eventually, a channel-forming organic matrix. Each embedding is treated explicitly, adopting a mixed quantum-classical approach, the Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics - generalized vertical Hessian (Ad-MD|gVH) model, which allows a direct simulation of the environment-induced constraining effects on the vibronic spectral shapes. In such a theoretical framework, the stiff modes of the dye are described at a quantum level within the harmonic approximation, including Duschinsky mixing effects, while flexible degrees of freedom of the solute (e. g. torsions) and those of the solvent are treated classically by means of molecular dynamics sampling. Such a setup is shown to reproduce the distinct effects exerted by the different environments in varied thermodynamic conditions. Besides allowing for a first-principles rationale on the supramolecular mechanism leading to the experimental spectral features, this result represents the first successful application of the Ad-MD|gVH method to complex embeddings and supports its potential application to other heterogeneous environments, such as for instance, pigment-protein complexes or organic dyes adsorbed into metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italien
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italien
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italien
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2
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Pananilath HF, Govind C, Thadathilanickal TD, Karunakaran V. Molecular torsion controls the excited state relaxation pathways of multibranched tetraphenylpyrazines: effect of substitution of morpholine vs. phenoxazine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26575-26587. [PMID: 37753725 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Multibranched donor-acceptor derivatives exhibiting desirable photophysical properties are efficiently used in optoelectronic devices, in which the excited state relaxation dynamics of the derivatives control the efficiency of the devices. Here, the effect of intramolecular torsion on the excited state relaxation dynamics of tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP) derivatives in non-polar (toluene) and polar (THF) solvents is investigated by substituting the electron donor of morpholine (TPP-4MOP) and phenoxazine (TPP-4PHO) leading to the planar and twisted configurations, respectively, using femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In the steady state, TPP-4MOP showed feeble emission (ΦF ∼0.03) due to the weak donor by the delocalization of electron density supported by theoretical optimization. The TPP-4PHO exhibited strong emission (ΦF ∼0.18) in toluene compared to that in THF, in which it showed a large Stokes shift (∼9691 cm-1) with low fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ∼0.01). The observation of large Stokes shifts, inherent nature and theoretical calculations of TPP-4PHO suggest the twisting of the dihedral angle between tetraphenylpyrazine and phenoxazine in the excited state leading to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT). The femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and picosecond time-resolved emission spectra of TPP-4PHO revealed the signature of the existence of both the partial TICT and TICT states in THF leading to the triplet state. Whereas in the case of TPP-4MOP, the transient absorption spectra showed the formation of the triplet state from the local excited state without the involvement of the TICT state. Aggregation studies of TPP-4PHO in a THF and water mixture reflect the elimination of the TICT state by the restriction of intramolecular torsion in the aggregates leading to an increase of 12-fold of the fluorescence intensity along with shifting of the maximum towards the blue region. These studies revealed that the excited state relaxation pathways of the derivatives are controlled by polarity-dependent torsional motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasim Fayiz Pananilath
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chinju Govind
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tessy D Thadathilanickal
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Cerezo J, Gao S, Armaroli N, Ingrosso F, Prampolini G, Santoro F, Ventura B, Pastore M. Non-Phenomenological Description of the Time-Resolved Emission in Solution with Quantum-Classical Vibronic Approaches-Application to Coumarin C153 in Methanol. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093910. [PMID: 37175320 PMCID: PMC10180259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a joint experimental and theoretical work on the steady-state spectroscopy and time-resolved emission of the coumarin C153 dye in methanol. The lowest energy excited state of this molecule is characterized by an intramolecular charge transfer thus leading to remarkable shifts of the time-resolved emission spectra, dictated by the methanol reorganization dynamics. We selected this system as a prototypical test case for the first application of a novel computational protocol aimed at the prediction of transient emission spectral shapes, including both vibronic and solvent effects, without applying any phenomenological broadening. It combines a recently developed quantum-classical approach, the adiabatic molecular dynamics generalized vertical Hessian method (Ad-MD|gVH), with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. For the steady-state spectra we show that the Ad-MD|gVH approach is able to reproduce quite accurately the spectral shapes and the Stokes shift, while a ∼0.15 eV error is found on the prediction of the solvent shift going from gas phase to methanol. The spectral shape of the time-resolved emission signals is, overall, well reproduced, although the simulated spectra are slightly too broad and asymmetric at low energies with respect to experiments. As far as the spectral shift is concerned, the calculated spectra from 4 ps to 100 ps are in excellent agreement with experiments, correctly predicting the end of the solvent reorganization after about 20 ps. On the other hand, before 4 ps solvent dynamics is predicted to be too fast in the simulations and, in the sub-ps timescale, the uncertainty due to the experimental time resolution (300 fs) makes the comparison less straightforward. Finally, analysis of the reorganization of the first solvation shell surrounding the excited solute, based on atomic radial distribution functions and orientational correlations, indicates a fast solvent response (≈100 fs) characterized by the strengthening of the carbonyl-methanol hydrogen bond interactions, followed by the solvent reorientation, occurring on the ps timescale, to maximize local dipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cerezo
- Departamento de Química and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Area di Ricerca di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sheng Gao
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Armaroli
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingrosso
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Area di Ricerca di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Area di Ricerca di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Pastore
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), F-54000 Nancy, France
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Bralick AK, Mitchell EC, Doner AC, Webb AR, Christianson MG, Turney JM, Rotavera B, Schaefer HF. Simulation of the VUV Absorption Spectra of Oxygenates and Hydrocarbons: A Joint Theoretical-Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3743-3756. [PMID: 37097841 PMCID: PMC10165657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum UV absorption spectroscopy is regularly used to provide unambiguous identification of a target species, insight into the electronic structure of molecules, and quantitative species concentrations. As molecules of interest have become more complex, theoretical spectra have been used in tandem with laboratory spectroscopic analysis or as a replacement when experimental data is unavailable. However, it is difficult to determine which theoretical methodologies can best simulate experiment. This study examined the performance of EOM-CCSD and 10 TD-DFT functionals (B3LYP, BH&HLYP, BMK, CAM-B3LYP, HSE, M06-2X, M11, PBE0, ωB97X-D, and X3LYP) to produce reliable vacuum UV absorption spectra for 19 small oxygenates and hydrocarbons using vertical excitation energies. The simulated spectra were analyzed against experiment using both a qualitative analysis and quantitative metrics, including cosine similarity, relative integral change, mean signed error, and mean absolute error. Based on our ranking system, it was determined that M06-2X was consistently the top performing TD-DFT method with BMK, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97X-D also producing reliable spectra for these small combustion species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison K Bralick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1004 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Erica C Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1004 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Anna C Doner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Annabelle R Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Matthew G Christianson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1004 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Brandon Rotavera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1004 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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5
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Vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectral shapes of one 5-carbohelicene derivative: A theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Xu Q, Sun J, Wang L, He D, Wang M, Yang C. Insights for vibronic effects on spectral shapes of electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence of aza[7]helicene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118475. [PMID: 32470807 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of vibrationally resolved absorption (ABS), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), emission (EMI), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of aza[7]helicene. Because of the rare experience of theoretical CPL calculation, a variety of harmonic models have been employed to compute the vibronic structures. To fully understand the vibronic effects on the spectral shapes, Franck-Condon (FC) and Herzberg-Teller (HT) contributions, Duschinsky mixings and temperature effect have all been taken into consideration. The performance of different alternative approximate methods has been carefully compared and discussed in detail. The results show that Vertical Hessian (VH) model has a slight better performance on the spectral shapes than Adiabatic Hessian (AH), especially for CPL spectrum. The thermal excitation effect has led to a reduced resolution and a broader spectral width. The moderate HT effects on the different spectral shapes have been addressed. The dissymmetry factors have been correctly reproduced and the main vibronic features of the four different spectral shapes have been successfully captured. A good estimation of the overall spectral width, relative position and relative height of different spectral bands has been presented. The nice agreement with the experiment allows us to present a detailed interpretation of the spectral shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiushuang Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China; School of Physics Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 2673100 Qufu, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering (Department of Physics), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250353 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Chuanlu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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7
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Xu Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Chen S, Li Q, Wang M, Yang C. Vibrationally resolved electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectra of a boron-fused double helicene: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:118132. [PMID: 32058915 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the theoretical study of the vibrationally resolved absorption (ABS), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), emission (EMI), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra of a boron-fused double helicene, with a detailed and complete discussion of the alternative possible approximate methods. Given the fact that few examples of CPL calculations exist, the potential energy surfaces (PESs) have been constructed and compared with Adiabatic (AH) and Vertical Hessian (VH) models. All the vibronic calculations have accounted for Duschinsky mixings, Franck-Condon (FC) effect and Herzberg-Teller (HT) contribution. Moreover, different HT expansions have been checked and compared, by computing the derivatives of the electric and magnetic dipole transition moments around the equilibrium geometries of the initial and final states. Our results show that both AH and VH models have well reproduced the experimental vibronic structures and VH model shows a better performance in the simulation of spectral lineshapes. They also show that HT effects dominate the shapes of EMI and CPL, tuning the relative heights of the different vibronic peaks, improving the agreement with the experiment for EMI. Moreover, HT effects are the main reason for the mirror-symmetry breaking between ECD and CPL spectra. Furthermore, interesting interference effects between FC and HT contributions have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China; School of Physics Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 2673100 Qufu, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanli Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shenghui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Quanjing Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Chuanlu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, 264025 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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8
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Vidal M, Pastenes C, Rezende MC, Aliaga C, Domínguez M. The inverted solvatochromism of protonated ferrocenylethenyl-pyrimidines: the first example of the solvatochromic reversal of a hybrid organic/inorganic dye. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Five new solvatochromic 2,6-diaryl-4-ferrocenylethenylpyrimidines were synthesized and their spectral variations in solution investigated in twenty-seven solvents of variable polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Vidal
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Camila Pastenes
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología
| | | | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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9
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Neelambra AU, Govind C, Devassia TT, Somashekharappa GM, Karunakaran V. Direct evidence of solvent polarity governing the intramolecular charge and energy transfer: ultrafast relaxation dynamics of push–pull fluorene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11087-11102. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer along with energy transfer controlled by the polarity of solvent is revealed by femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeefah U. Neelambra
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695 019
- India
| | - Chinju Govind
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695 019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
| | - Tessy T. Devassia
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695 019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
| | - Guruprasad M. Somashekharappa
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695 019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram 695 019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
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10
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Larsen MAB, Stephansen AB, Alarousu E, Pittelkow M, Mohammed OF, Sølling TI. Solvent-dependent dual fluorescence of the push-pull system 2-diethylamino-7-nitrofluorene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5942-5951. [PMID: 29423491 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent-dependent excited state behavior of the molecular push-pull system 2-diethylamino-7-nitrofluorene has been explored using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. Several excited state minima have been identified computationally, all possessing significant intramolecular charge transfer character. The experimentally observed dual fluorescence is suggested to arise from a planar excited state minimum and another minimum reached by twisting of the aryl-nitrogen bond of the amino group. The majority of the excited state population, however, undergo non-radiative transitions and potential excited state deactivation pathways are assessed in the computational investigation. A third excited state conformer, characterized by twisting around the aryl-nitrogen bond of the nitro group, is reasoned to be responsible for the majority of the non-radiative decays and a crossing between the excited state and ground state is localized. Additionally, ultrafast intersystem crossing is observed in the apolar solvent cyclohexane and rationalized to occur via an El-Sayed assisted transition from one of the identified excited state minima. The solvent thus determines more than just the fluorescence lifetime and shapes the potential energy landscape, thereby dictating the available excited state pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A B Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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11
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Vidal M, Rezende MC, Pastene C, Aliaga C, Domínguez M. Solvatochromism of conjugated 4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-pyridinium donor–acceptor pairs. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of solvatochromic dyes consisting of an N,N-dimethylaminophenyl donor group conjugated with a 1-butylpyridinium acceptor ring through a 1,4-phenylene spacer were synthesized by a three-step procedure.
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12
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Dandpat SS, Sahu PK, Sarkar M. Studies on the Mechanism of Fluorescence Quenching of CdS quantum dots by 2-Amino-7-Nitrofluorene and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-7-Nitrofluorene. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Sundar Dandpat
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khorda 752050 Odisha India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Sahu
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khorda 752050 Odisha India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research; Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khorda 752050 Odisha India
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13
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Liu Y, Cerezo J, Mazzeo G, Lin N, Zhao X, Longhi G, Abbate S, Santoro F. Vibronic Coupling Explains the Different Shape of Electronic Circular Dichroism and of Circularly Polarized Luminescence Spectra of Hexahelicenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2799-819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- CNR − Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo
Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa,
Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Javier Cerezo
- CNR − Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo
Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa,
Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Universitá di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Na Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Universitá di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Universitá di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR − Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo
Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa,
Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Santoro F, Jacquemin D. Going beyond the vertical approximation with time-dependent density functional theory. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR); Pisa Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France; Paris France
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Cerezo J, Avila Ferrer FJ, Prampolini G, Santoro F. Modeling Solvent Broadening on the Vibronic Spectra of a Series of Coumarin Dyes. From Implicit to Explicit Solvent Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:5810-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cerezo
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Avila Ferrer
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Avila Ferrer FJ, Cerezo J, Stendardo E, Improta R, Santoro F. Insights for an Accurate Comparison of Computational Data to Experimental Absorption and Emission Spectra: Beyond the Vertical Transition Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:2072-82. [PMID: 26583553 DOI: 10.1021/ct301107m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work we carefully investigate the relationship between computed data and experimental electronic spectra. To that end, we compare both vertical transition energies, EV, and characteristic frequencies of the spectrum like the maximum, ν(max), and the center of gravity, M(1), taking advantage of an analytical expression of M(1) in terms of the parameters of the initial- and final-state potential energy surfaces. After pointing out that, for an accurate comparison, experimental spectra should be preliminarily mapped from wavelength to frequency domain and transformed to normalized lineshapes, we simulate the absorption and emission spectra of several prototypical chromophores, obtaining lineshapes in very good agreement with experimental data. Our results indicate that the customary comparison of experimental ν(max) and computational EV, without taking into account vibrational effects, is not an adequate measure of the performance of an electronic method. In fact, it introduces systematic errors that, in the investigated systems, are on the order of 0.1-0.3 eV, i.e., values comparable to the expected accuracy of the most accurate computational methods. On the contrary, a comparison of experimental and computed M(1) and/or 0-0 transition frequencies provides more robust results. Some rules of thumbs are proposed to help rationalize which kind of correction one should expect when comparing EV, M(1), and ν(max).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Avila Ferrer
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,University of Málaga, Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Javier Cerezo
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Emiliano Stendardo
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture Biommagini (IBB-CNR) Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Improta
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture Biommagini (IBB-CNR) Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Berndt F, Ioffe I, Granovsky AA, Mahrwald R, Tannert S, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. 7-Amino-dibenzofuran-3-carboxylate: A new probe for femtosecond dynamic microsolvation studies of biomolecules. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Riedl J, Pohl R, Ernsting NP, Orság P, Fojta M, Hocek M. Labelling of nucleosides and oligonucleotides by solvatochromic 4-aminophthalimide fluorophore for studying DNA–protein interactions. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Park KK, Park JW, Hamilton AD. Novel 7-(dimethylamino)fluorene-based fluorescent probes and their binding to human serum albumin. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4225-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b911605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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De Angelis F, Santoro F, Nazeruddin MK, Barone V. Ab Initio Prediction of the Emission Color in Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes for OLEDs. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:13181-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo De Angelis
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ISTM-CNR, Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy, and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ISTM-CNR, Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy, and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad K. Nazeruddin
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ISTM-CNR, Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy, and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ISTM-CNR, Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy, Istituto CNR per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy, and Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Druzhinin SI, Kovalenko SA, Senyushkina TA, Demeter A, Machinek R, Noltemeyer M, Zachariasse KA. Intramolecular Charge Transfer with the Planarized 4-Cyanofluorazene and Its Flexible Counterpart 4-Cyano-N-phenylpyrrole. Picosecond Fluorescence Decays and Femtosecond Excited-State Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8238-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8037413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I. Druzhinin
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Tamara A. Senyushkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Attila Demeter
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Reinhard Machinek
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Mathias Noltemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
| | - Klaas A. Zachariasse
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Spektroskopie and Photochemische Kinetik, 37070 Göttingen, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. P. O. Box 17, 1525 Budapest, Hungary, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie,
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Karunakaran V, Pfaffe M, Ioffe I, Senyushkina T, Kovalenko SA, Mahrwald R, Fartzdinov V, Sklenar H, Ernsting NP. Solvation oscillations and excited-state dynamics of 2-amino- and 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene and its 2'-deoxyriboside. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4294-307. [PMID: 18386856 DOI: 10.1021/jp712176m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull substituted fluorenes are considered for use as dynamic solvation probes in polynucleotides. Their fluorescence band is predicted (by simulations) to show weak spectral oscillations on the subpicosecond time scale depending on the nucleotide sequence. The oscillations reflect the local far-infrared spectrum of the environment around the probe molecule. A connection is provided by the continuum theory of polar solvation which, however, neglects molecular aspects. We examine the latter using acetonitrile solution as a test case. A collective librational solvent mode at 100 cm(-1) is observed with 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene, 2-dimethylamino-7-nitrofluorene, 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene, and its 2'-deoxyriboside. Different strengths of the oscillation indicate that rotational friction of nearby acetonitrile molecules depends on the solute structure or that H bonding is involved in launching the librational coherence. Polar solvation in methanol is used for comparison. With hydroxynitrofluorenes, the observation window is limited by intersystem crossing for which rates are reported. A prominent excited-state absorption band of nitrofluorenes at 430 nm can be used to monitor polar solvation. Structural and electronic relaxation pathways are discussed with the help of quantum chemical calculations.
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