1
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Rap D, Schrauwen JGM, Redlich B, Brünken S. Noncovalent Interactions Steer the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23022-23033. [PMID: 39110663 PMCID: PMC11345775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic molecules play an important role in the chemistry of astronomical environments such as the cold interstellar medium (ISM) and (exo)planetary atmospheres. The observed abundances of (polycyclic) aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzonitrile and cyanonaphthalenes are, however, highly underestimated by astrochemical models. This demonstrates the need for more experimentally verified reaction pathways. The low-temperature ion-molecule reaction of benzonitrile•+ with acetylene is studied here using a multifaceted approach involving kinetics and spectroscopic probing of the reaction products. A fast radiative association reaction via an in situ experimentally observed prereactive complex shows the importance of noncovalent interactions in steering the pathway during cold ion-molecule reactions. Product structures of subsequent reactions are unambiguously identified using infrared action spectroscopy and reveal the formation of nitrogen-containing, linked bicyclic structures such as phenylpyridine•+ and benzo-N-pentalene+ structures. The results, contradicting earlier assumptions on the product structure, demonstrate the importance of spectroscopic probing of reaction products and emphasize the possible formation of linked bicyclic molecules and benzo-N-pentalene+ structures in astronomical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël
B. Rap
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G. M. Schrauwen
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Redlich
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Brünken
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
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2
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Richardson V, Valença Ferreira de Aragão E, He X, Pirani F, Mancini L, Faginas-Lago N, Rosi M, Martini LM, Ascenzi D. Fragmentation of interstellar methanol by collisions with He˙ +: an experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22437-22452. [PMID: 36102850 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02458f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a key species in astrochemistry as its presence and reactivity provides a primary route to the synthesis of more complex interstellar organic molecules (iCOMs) that may eventually be incorporated in newly formed planetary systems. In the interstellar medium, methanol is formed by hydrogenation of CO ices on grains, and its fate upon collisions with interstellar ions should be accounted for to correctly model iCOM abundances in objects at various stages of stellar evolution. The absolute cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) for the collisions of He˙+ ions with CH3OH are measured, as a function of the collision energy, using a Guided Ion Beam Mass Spectrometer (GIB-MS). Insights into the dissociative electron (charge) exchange mechanism have been obtained by computing the entrance and exit multidimensional Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs) and by modelling the non-adiabatic transitions using an improved Landau-Zener-Stückelberg approach. Notably, the dynamical treatment reproducing the experimental findings includes a strong orientation effect of the system formed by the small He˙+ ion and the highly polar CH3OH molecule, in the electric field gradient associated to the strongly anisotropic intermolecular interaction. This is a stereodynamical effect that plays a fundamental role in collision events occurring under a variety of conditions, with kinetic energy confined within intervals ranging from the sub-thermal to the hyper-thermal regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emília Valença Ferreira de Aragão
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas-Lago
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Wiersma SD, Candian A, Bakker JM, Berden G, Eyler JR, Oomens J, Tielens AGGM, Petrignani A. IR photofragmentation of the phenyl cation: spectroscopy and fragmentation pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4334-4343. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the gas-phase infrared spectra of the phenyl cation, phenylium, in its perprotio (C6H5+) and perdeutero (C6D5+) forms, in the 260–1925 cm−1 (5.2–38 μm) spectral range, and investigate the observed photofragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D. Wiersma
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- Radboud University
| | - Alessandra Candian
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - John R. Eyler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemieke Petrignani
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- Leiden Observatory
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Cernuto A, Pirani F, Martini LM, Tosi P, Ascenzi D. The Selective Role of Long-Range Forces in the Stereodynamics of Ion-Molecule Reactions: The He + +Methyl Formate Case From Guided-Ion-Beam Experiments. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:51-59. [PMID: 29045020 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-range intermolecular forces play a crucial role in controlling the outcome of ion-molecule chemical reactions, such as those determining the disappearance of organic or inorganic "complex" molecules recently detected in various regions of the interstellar medium due to collisions with abundant interstellar atomic ions (e.g. H+ and He+ ). Theoretical treatments, for example, based on simple capture models, are nowadays often adopted to evaluate the collision-energy dependence of reactive cross sections and the temperature dependent rate coefficients of many ion-molecule reactions. The obtained results are widely used for the modelling of phenomena occurring in different natural environments or technological applications such as astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Herein it is demonstrated, through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation on a prototype ion-molecule reaction (He+ +methyl formate), that the dynamics, investigated in detail, shows some intriguing features that can lead to rate coefficients at odds with the expectations (e.g. Arrhenius versus anti-Arrhenius behaviour). Therefore, this study casts light on some new and general guidelines to be properly taken into account for a suitable evaluation of rate coefficients of ion-molecule reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cernuto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitá di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, Italy.,Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR NANOTEC), 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Matteo Martini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniela Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
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6
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Cernuto A, Lopes A, Romanzin C, Cunha de Miranda B, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Tonachini G, Maranzana A, Polášek M, Žabka J, Alcaraz C. Effects of collision energy and vibrational excitation of CH 3+ cations on its reactivity with hydrocarbons: But-2-yne CH 3CCCH 3 as reagent partner. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154302. [PMID: 29055295 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl carbocation is ubiquitous in gaseous environments, such as planetary ionospheres, cometary comae, and the interstellar medium, as well as combustion systems and plasma setups for technological applications. Here we report on a joint experimental and theoretical study on the mechanism of the reaction CH3+ + CH3CCCH3 (but-2-yne, also known as dimethylacetylene), by combining guided ion beam mass spectrometry experiments with ab initio calculations of the potential energy hypersurface. Such a reaction is relevant in understanding the chemical evolution of Saturn's largest satellite, Titan. Two complementary setups have been used: in one case, methyl cations are generated via electron ionization, while in the other case, direct vacuum ultraviolet photoionization with synchrotron radiation of methyl radicals is used to study internal energy effects on the reactivity. Absolute reactive cross sections have been measured as a function of collision energy, and product branching ratios have been derived. The two most abundant products result from electron and hydride transfer, occurring via direct and barrierless mechanisms, while other channels are initiated by the electrophilic addition of the methyl cation to the triple bond of but-2-yne. Among the minor channels, special relevance is placed on the formation of C5H7+, stemming from H2 loss from the addition complex. This is the only observed condensation product with the formation of new C-C bonds, and it might represent a viable pathway for the synthesis of complex organic species in astronomical environments and laboratory plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cernuto
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Allan Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Daniela Ascenzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Glauco Tonachini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Maranzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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7
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Cernuto A, Tosi P, Martini LM, Pirani F, Ascenzi D. Experimental investigation of the reaction of helium ions with dimethyl ether: stereodynamics of the dissociative charge exchange process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19554-19565. [PMID: 28277582 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fate of dimethyl ether (DME, CH3OCH3) in collisions with He+ ions is of high relevance for astrochemical models aimed at reproducing the abundances of complex organic molecules in the interstellar medium. Here we report an investigation on the reaction of He+ ions with DME carried out using a Guided Ion Beam Mass Spectrometer (GIB-MS), which allows the measurement of reactive cross-sections and branching ratios (BRs) as a function of the collision energy. We obtain insights into the dissociative charge (electron) exchange mechanism by investigating the nature of the non-adiabatic transitions between the relevant potential energy surfaces (PESs) in an improved Landau-Zener approach. We find that the large interaction anisotropy could induce a pronounced orientation of the polar DME molecule in the electric field generated by He+ so that at short distances the collision complex is confined within pendular states, a particular case of bending motion, which gives rise to intriguing stereodynamic effects. The positions of the intermolecular potential energy curve crossings indicate that He+ captures an electron from an inner valence orbital of DME, thus causing its dissociation. In addition to the crossing positions, the symmetry of the electron density distribution of the involved DME orbitals turns out to be a further major point affecting the probability of electron transfer. Thus, the anisotropy of the intermolecular interaction and the electron densities of the orbitals involved in the reaction are the key "ingredients" for describing the dynamics of this dissociative charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cernuto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy.
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8
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Gerasimov G. Modeling study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans behavior in flue gases under electron beam irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:100-106. [PMID: 27258900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of the electron beam treatment of industrial flue gases for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen oxides was investigated as applied to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) using methods of mathematical modeling. The proposed kinetic model of the process includes mechanism of PCDD/Fs decomposition caused by their interaction with OH radicals generated in the flue gases under the electron beam (EB) irradiation as well as PCDD/Fs formation from unburned aromatic compounds. The model allows to predict the main features of the process, which are observed in pilot plant installations, as well as to evaluate the process efficiency. The results of calculations are compared with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Gerasimov
- Institute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, 1 Michurinsky Ave., 119192, Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Bera PP, Peverati R, Head-Gordon M, Lee TJ. Hydrocarbon growth via ion-molecule reactions: computational studies of the isomers of C4H2+, C6H2+ and C6H4+ and their formation paths from acetylene and its fragments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1859-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structures, vibrational and electronic spectra, and AIMD trajectories of formation paths for C4H2+, C6H2+ and C6H4+ from acetylene ion and its fragments are reported in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha P. Bera
- MS 245-6 NASA Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field
- Mountain View
- USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- MS 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center
- Moffett Field
- Mountain View
- USA
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10
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Ragazzi M, Tosi P, Rada EC, Torretta V, Schiavon M. Effluents from MBT plants: plasma techniques for the treatment of VOCs. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2400-2406. [PMID: 25168185 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical-biological treatments (MBTs) of urban waste are growing in popularity in many European countries. Recent studies pointed out that their contribution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutants is not negligible. Compared to classical removal technologies, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) showed better performances and low energy consumption when applied to treat lowly concentrated streams. Therefore, to study the feasibility of the application of NTP to MBTs, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor was applied to treat a mixture of air and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), to simulate emissions from MBTs. The removal efficiency of MEK was linearly dependent upon time, power and specific input energy. Only 2-4% of MEK was converted to carbon dioxide (CO2), the remaining carbon being involved in the formation of byproducts (methyl nitrate and 2,3-butanedione, especially). For future development of pilot-scale reactors, acting on residence time, power, convective flow and catalysts will help finding a compromise between energy consumption, desired abatement and selectivity to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 5, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
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11
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Aysina J, Maranzana A, Tonachini G, Tosi P, Ascenzi D. Growth of polyphenyls via ion–molecule reactions: An experimental and theoretical mechanistic study. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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12
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Soliman AR, Hamid AM, Momoh PO, El-Shall MS, Taylor D, Gallagher L, Abrash SA. Formation of Complex Organics in the Gas Phase by Sequential Reactions of Acetylene with the Phenylium Ion. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8925-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306046w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia
23284-2006, United States
| | - Ahmed M. Hamid
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia
23284-2006, United States
| | - Paul O. Momoh
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia
23284-2006, United States
| | - M. Samy El-Shall
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia
23284-2006, United States
| | - Danielle Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United
States
| | - Lauren Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United
States
| | - Samuel A. Abrash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United
States
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13
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Gerasimov GY. Ion-molecule formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the action of ionizing radiation. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143911020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Ascenzi D, Aysina J, Zins EL, Schröder D, Žabka J, Alcaraz C, Price SD, Roithová J. Double ionization of cycloheptatriene and the reactions of the resulting C7Hn2+ dications (n = 6, 8) with xenon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18330-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Ascenzi D, Aysina J, Tosi P, Maranzana A, Tonachini G. Growth of polyaromatic molecules via ion-molecule reactions: An experimental and theoretical mechanistic study. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:184308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3505553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Lu G, Zhao L, Li H, Huang F, Wang ZX. Reversible Heterolytic Methane Activation of Metal-Free Closed-Shell Molecules: A Computational Proof-of-Principle Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Gerasimov GY. Mechanism of gas-phase degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the action of ionizing radiation. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143910010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Žabka J, Polášek M, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Roithová J, Schröder D. Reactivity of C2H5+ with Benzene: Formation of Ethylbenzenium Ions and Implications for Titan’s Ionospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11153-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
| | - Daniela Ascenzi
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
| | - Paolo Tosi
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
| | - Jana Roithová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
| | - Detlef Schröder
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, V. Čermák Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14 38100 Povo,
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19
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Giordana A, Ghigo G, Tonachini G, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Guella G. The reaction of N2O with phenylium ions C6(H,D)5(+): an integrated experimental and theoretical mechanistic study. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:024304. [PMID: 19603988 DOI: 10.1063/1.3148366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of N(2)O (known to be an O atom donor under several conditions) with the phenyl cation is studied by experimental and theoretical methods. Phenyl cation (or phenylium), C(6)H(5)(+), and its perdeuterated derivative C(6)D(5)(+) are produced either by electron impact or by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of adequate neutral precursors, and product mass spectra are measured in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The ions C(5)(H,D)(5)(+), C(6)(H,D)(5)O(+), and C(3)(H,D)(3)(+) are experimentally detected as the most relevant reaction products. In addition, the detection of the adduct (C(6)H(5)N(2)O)(+), which is collisionally stabilized in the scattering cell of the mass spectrometer, is reported here for the first time. The reaction pathways, which could bring about the formation of the mentioned ions, are then explored extensively by density functional theory and, for the more promising pathways, by CASPT2/CASSCF calculations. The two reacting species (1) form initially a phenoxydiazonium adduct, C(6)H(5)ON(2)(+) (2a), by involving the empty in-plane hybrid C orbital of phenylium. The alternative attack to the ring pi system to produce an epoxidic adduct 2c is ruled out on the basis of the energetics. Then, 2a loses N(2) quite easily, thus affording the phenoxyl cation 3. This is only the first of several C(6)H(5)O(+) isomers (4-6 and 8-12), which can stem from 3 upon different cleavages and formations of C-C bond and/or H shifts. As regards the formation of C(5)H(5)(+), among several conceivable pathways, a direct CO extrusion from 3 is discarded, while others appear to be viable to different extents, depending on the initial energy of the system. The easiest CO loss is from 4, with formation of the cyclopentadienyl cation 7. Formation of C(3)H(3)(+) is generally hindered and its detection depends again on the availability of some extra initial energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giordana
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università di Torino, Corso Massimo D'Azeglio 48, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Roithová J, Ricketts CL, Schröder D, Lockyear JF, Parkes MA, Price SD. Generation of the organo-rare gas dications HCCRg2+ (Rg = Ar and Kr) in the reaction of acetylene dications with rare gases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:7121-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b810398d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roithová J, Ricketts CL, Schröder D. On the C-C Coupling of the Naphthylium Ion with Methane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other medium-sized hydrocarbon cations CmHn+ (m = 7-11, n = 6-12), the naphthylium ion C10H7+ undergoes a thermal reaction with methane to form the C-C coupled product C11H9+ concomitant with dehydrogenation. This reaction, which might be of relevance in the context of the growth of hydrocarbon species under extreme conditions, is suggested to lead to a benzylium-type cation in analogy to the C-C coupling of phenyl cations with methane.
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Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Roithová J, Schröder D. Gas-phase synthesis of the rare-gas carbene cation ArCH2+ using doubly ionised bromomethane as a superelectrophilic reagent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4055-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b811115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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