1
|
Abelt C, Day I, Zhao J, Pike R. Fluorescence of Half-Twisted 10-Acyl-1-methyltetrahydrobenzoquinolines. Molecules 2024; 29:3016. [PMID: 38998968 PMCID: PMC11243386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The steric interference of proximal dialkyl amino and acyl groups at the peri (1,8) positions of naphthalene affects the intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence. Previous studies indicate that acyl and freely rotating dimethyl amino groups twist toward coplanarity with the naphthalene ring in the excited state. The present study examines the effect of constraining the amino group in a ring. The photophysical properties of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinolin-10-yl)propan-1-one (4), ethyl 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline-10-carboxylate (5), and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline-10-carbaldehyde (6) are compared with the dimethyl amino derivatives 2 and 3. Crystal structures of 4-6 show that the amine ring adopts a chair conformation, where the N-methyl group is axial. Computational results suggest that the pyramidal amino group planarizes and twists together with the acyl toward coplanarity in the excited state. The ring structure does not thwart the formation of a planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Abelt
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA; (I.D.); (J.Z.); (R.P.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naldrett HJ, Abelt CJ. Turn-on fluorescence of a 6-acyl-1-benzoindole by alcohols. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
3
|
Pospíšil P, Cwiklik L, Sýkora J, Hof M, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Vlček A. Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Evolution of Prodan Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13858-13867. [PMID: 34914398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state character and dynamics of two 6-(dimethylamino)-2-acylnaphthalene dyes (Prodan and Badan-SCH2CH2OH) were studied by picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy (TRIR) in solvents of different polarity and relaxation times: hexane, CD3OD, and glycerol-d8. In all these solvents, near-UV excitation initially produced the same S1(ππ*) excited state characterized by a broad TRIR signal. A very fast decay (3, ∼100 ps) followed in hexane, whereas conversion to a distinct IR spectrum with a ν(C═O) band downshifted by 76 cm-1 occurred in polar/H-bonding solvents, slowing down on going from CD3OD (1, 23 ps) to glycerol-d8 (5.5, 51, 330 ps). The final relaxed excited state was assigned as planar Me2N → C═O intramolecular charge transfer S1(ICT) by comparing experimental and TDDFT-calculated spectra. TRIR conversion kinetics are comparable to those of early stages of multiexponential fluorescence decay and dynamic fluorescence red-shift. This work presents a strong evidence that Prodan-type dyes undergo solvation-driven charge separation in their S1 state, which is responsible for the dynamic fluorescence Stokes shift observed in polar/H-bonding solvents. The time evolution of the optically prepared S1(ππ*) state to the S1(ICT) final state reflects environment relaxation and solvation dynamics. This finding rationalizes the widespread use of Prodan-type dyes as probes of environment dynamics and polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vequi-Suplicy CC, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Lamy MT, Canuto S, Coutinho K. A new interpretation of the absorption and the dual fluorescence of Prodan in solution. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244104. [PMID: 33380080 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable interest is associated with the interpretation of the Prodan fluorescent spectrum. A sequential hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics method was used to establish that the fluorescent emission occurs from two different excited states, resulting in a broad asymmetric emission spectrum. The absorption spectra in several solvents were measured and calculated using different theoretical models presenting excellent agreement. All theoretical models [semiempirical, time dependent density functional theory and and second-order multiconfigurational perturbation theory] agree that the first observed band at the absorption spectrum in solution is composed of three electronic excitations very close in energy. Then, the electronic excitation around 340 nm-360 nm may populate the first three excited states (π-π*Lb, n-π*, and π-π*La). The ground state S0 and the first three excited states were analyzed using multi-configurational calculations. The corresponding equilibrium geometries are all planar in vacuum. Considering the solvent effects in the electronic structure of the solute and in the solvent relaxation around the solute, it was identified that these three excited states can change the relative order depending on the solvent polarity, and following the minimum path energy, internal conversions may occur. A consistent explanation of the experimental data is obtained with the conclusive interpretation that the two bands observed in the fluorescent spectrum of Prodan, in several solvents, are due to the emission from two independent states. Our results indicate that these are the n-π* S2 state with a small dipole moment at a lower emission energy and the π-π*Lb S1 state with large dipole moment at a higher emission energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia C Vequi-Suplicy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yoelvis Orozco-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sylvio Canuto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1371, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Qiao Q, Chi W, Chen J, Liu W, Tan D, McKechnie S, Lyu D, Jiang X, Zhou W, Xu N, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Liu X. Quantitative Design of Bright Fluorophores and AIEgens by the Accurate Prediction of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Scott McKechnie
- Department of PhysicsKings College London London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Da Lyu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore 119077 Singapore
| | - Xiao‐Fang Jiang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication EngineeringSouth China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Qiao Q, Chi W, Chen J, Liu W, Tan D, McKechnie S, Lyu D, Jiang XF, Zhou W, Xu N, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Liu X. Quantitative Design of Bright Fluorophores and AIEgens by the Accurate Prediction of Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10160-10172. [PMID: 31943591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of TICT can significantly increase the brightness of fluorescent materials. Accurate prediction of TICT is thus critical for the quantitative design of high-performance fluorophores and AIEgens. TICT of 14 types of popular organic fluorophores were modeled with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). A reliable and generalizable computational approach for modeling TICT formations was established. To demonstrate the prediction power of our approach, we quantitatively designed a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based AIEgen which exhibits (almost) barrierless TICT rotations in monomers. Subsequent experiments validated our molecular design and showed that the aggregation of this compound turns on bright emissions with ca. 27-fold fluorescence enhancement, as TICT formation is inhibited in molecular aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Davin Tan
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Scott McKechnie
- Department of Physics, Kings College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Da Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Fang Jiang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anderson R, Nagirimadugu NV, Abelt CJ. Fluorescence Quenching of Carbonyl-Twisted 5 -Acyl-1-dimethylaminonaphthalenes by Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14067-14073. [PMID: 31497725 PMCID: PMC6714939 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of 1-dimethylamino-5-propionylnaphthalene that constrain the carbonyl group into a five-, six-, and seven-membered ring were prepared, and their fluorescence quenching in protic solvents was studied. Evidence for enhanced quenching due to carbonyl twisting out of the molecular plane is presented, but this effect is heavily masked by the strong quenching by all of the derivatives and by the ring size-dependent deactivation seen in polar, aprotic solvents. Calculations show strong, ring size-dependent vibrational coupling between the carbonyl group and the naphthalene ring in the first excited state.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kadyan A, Gandhi Y, Pandey S. Probing interactions within liquid media via a model H-bond donor-acceptor mixture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4791-4801. [PMID: 30773581 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding interactions within liquids so as to obtain desired physicochemical properties is of utmost importance in chemistry. Solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions within mixtures of hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) are assessed using various invasive and non-invasive techniques. HMPA and TFE possess similar static dielectric constants. While HMPA has high H-bond accepting basicity (β ∼ 1) and no H-bond donating acidity (α ∼ 0), TFE has high H-bond donating acidity (α ∼ 1) and almost no H-bond accepting basicity (β ∼ 0). Kamlet-Taft parameters obtained using solvatochromic UV-Vis molecular absorbance probes suggest α and β of the (HMPA + TFE) mixture to be higher than those expected from mole-fraction weighted ideal-additive values with α and β exhibiting synergism in TFE-rich and HMPA-rich regions where α > 1 and β > 1, respectively. HMPA has lower dipolarity/polarizability (π*) than TFE, however, the addition of TFE to HMPA results in even further lowering of π* implying significant non-polar nature of the (HMPA + TFE) mixture as compared to its neat constituents. Photoinduced charge-transfer (neutral and anionic) and ratiometric solvatochromic fluorescence polarity probes also confirm the mixture dipolarity to be significantly lower than that expected. FTIR absorbance and Raman spectroscopic measurements hint at the weakening of the strong H-bonds among TFE and/or HMPA as the two solvents are mixed. Positive excess molar volumes (VE) and excess logarithmic viscosities [(ln η)E] indicate weakened interactions in the (HMPA + TFE) mixtures as compared to the interactions within neat TFE and neat HMPA. Microfluidity of the mixture obtained from an intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence probe further supports these outcomes. Formation of a low polarity liquid milieu upon mixing of two higher polarity solvents is amply highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kadyan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuramoto Y, Nakagiri T, Matsui Y, Ohta E, Ogaki T, Ikeda H. A leaning amine-ketone dyad with a nonconjugated linker: solvatofluorochromism and dual fluorescence associated with intramolecular charge transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1157-1168. [PMID: 30063241 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dyad 4, comprising a triphenylamine (TPA) electron donor and 1,4-pentadien-3-one (pentadienone) electron acceptor tethered by a nonconjugated linker, displays solvatofluorochromism (SFC) and dual fluorescence associated with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the excited state. While the fluorescence arises from a locally excited state of 4 (LE-4*) in saturated hydrocarbon solvents, the fluorescence from the ICT state of 4 (ICT-4*) occurs in aprotic solvents. ICT-4* has a much greater dipole moment than its corresponding ground state. The results of theoretical calculations suggest that the conversion of LE-4* to ICT-4* involves a unique structural change like a leaning of the pentadienone moiety. Two factors are responsible for the significant SFC displayed by 4, the first being the high electron-donating and -accepting abilities of the respective locally excited TPA and pentadienone moieties in LE-4* and the other being a rigid ethano bridge that links the two moieties in ICT-4*. The former property facilitates photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) and the latter prevents full single electron transfer (SET) by prohibiting direct π-conjugation and the spatial approach of the two dyad components. Consequently, these electronic and geometrical features lead to SFC arising from a large dipole moment change caused by ICT and partial intramolecular SET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kuramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen T, Lee SW, Abelt CJ. 1,5-Prodan Emits from a Planar Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Excited State. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4816-4823. [PMID: 31458698 PMCID: PMC6641964 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1-Propionyl-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene (8, 1,5-Prodan) and two derivatives where the amino group is constrained in a seven-membered (9) and five-membered (10) ring are prepared. All three exhibit strong fluorescence and similar degrees of solvatochromism. Their fluorescence is strongly quenched in alcohol solvents. Because the amino group in 9 and especially 10 is forced to be coplanar with the naphthalene ring, the similar photophysical behavior of all three suggests that emission arises from a planar excited state (planar intramolecular charge transfer).
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Li D, Li C, Liu Y, Jiang K. Hydrogen bond strengthening induces fluorescence quenching of PRODAN derivative by turning on twisted intramolecular charge transfer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:68-74. [PMID: 28654834 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have proposed different effective mechanisms of hydrogen bonding (HB) on the fluorescence of 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (PRODAN) and its derivatives. Herein, excited state transition and dynamics analysis confirm that the fluorescence of PD (a derivative of PRODAN with ethyl replaced by 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropan) emits from the planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state rather than twist ICT (TICT) state, because the fluorescence emission and surface hopping from the TICT state to the twist ground (T-S0) state is energy forbidden. Nevertheless, the strengthening of intramolecular-HB (intra-HB) and intermolecular-HB (inter-HB) of PD-(methanol)2 smooth the pathway of surface hopping from TICT to T-S0 state and the external conversion going to planar ground state by decreasing the energy difference of the two states. This smoothing changes the fluorescence state of PD-(methanol)2 to the TICT state in which fluorescence emission does not occur but surface hopping, leading to the partial fluorescence quenching of PD in methanol solvent. This conclusion is different from previous related reports. Moreover, the inter-HB strengthening of PD-methanol in PICT state induces the cleavage of intra-HB and a fluorescence red-shift of 54nm compared to PD. This red-shift increases to 66nm for PD-(methanol)2 for the strengthening of the one intra-HB and two inter-HBs. The dipole moments of PD-methanol and PD-(methanol)2 respectively increase about 10.3D and 8.1D in PICT state compared to PD. The synergistic effect of intra-HB and inter-HB induces partial quenching of PD in methanol solvent by turning on the TICT state and fluorescence red-shift. This work gives a reasonable description on the fluorescence red-shift and partial quenching of PD in methanol solvent, which will bring insight into the study of spectroscopic properties of molecules owning better spectral characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Donglin Li
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - YuFang Liu
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pandey A, Bhawna, Dhingra D, Pandey S. Hydrogen Bond Donor/Acceptor Cosolvent-Modified Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4202-4212. [PMID: 28387515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as nontoxic and inexpensive alternatives not only to the common organic solvents but to the ionic liquids as well. Some of the common and popular, and perhaps the most investigated, DESs are the ones comprising an ammonium salt and an appropriate hydrogen bond (HB) donor in a predetermined mole ratio. The formation of the DES is attributed to the H-bonding interaction(s) present between the salt and the HB donor. Consequently, addition of a predominantly HB donor or a predominantly HB acceptor cosolvent to such DESs may result in intriguing features and properties. We present investigation of two DESs constituted of salt choline chloride along with HB donors urea and glycerol, respectively, in 1:2 mol ratio, named reline and glyceline as the cosolvent of very high HB donating acidity and no HB accepting basicity 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and of very high HB accepting basicity and no HB donating acidity hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), respectively, is added. TFE shows up to 0.25 mole fraction miscibility with both reline and glyceline. While up to 0.25 mole fraction HMPA in glyceline results in transparent mixtures, this cosolvent is found to be completely immiscible with reline. From the perspective of the solvatochromic absorbance and fluorescence probes, it is established that the cybotactic region dipolarity within up to 0.25 mole fraction TFE/HMPA-added DES strongly depends on the functionalities present on the solute. Fourier transform infrared absorbance and Raman spectroscopic investigations reveal no major shifts in vibrational transitions as TFE/HMPA is added to the DES; spectral band broadening, albeit small, is observed nonetheless. Excess molar volumes and excess logarithmic viscosities of the mixtures indicate that while TFE may interstitially accommodate itself within H-bonded network of reline, it does appear to form H-bonds with the constituents of the glyceline. Increase in overall net repulsive interactions as HMPA is added to glyceline is suggested by both positive excess molar volumes and excess logarithmic viscosities. The addition of HB donor/acceptor cosolvent appears to disturb the salt-HB donor equilibria within DES via complex interplay of interactions within the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Divya Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Roeder N. Electrooptical Absorption Measurements (EOAM) Testify Existence of two Conformers of Prodan and Laurdan with Different Dipole Moments in Equilibrium Ground and Franck-Condon Excited State. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1563-72. [PMID: 27396483 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - N Roeder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kadyan A, Behera K, Pandey S. Hybrid green nonaqueous media: tetraethylene glycol modifies the properties of a (choline chloride + urea) deep eutectic solvent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In mixture of a deep eutectic solvent Reline with tetraethylene glycol, inter-species interactions are stronger than the intra-species interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kadyan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Kamalakanta Behera
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stewart DJ, Dalton MJ, Long SL, Kannan R, Yu Z, Cooper TM, Haley JE, Tan LS. Steric hindrance inhibits excited-state relaxation and lowers the extent of intramolecular charge transfer in two-photon absorbing dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5587-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Steric hindrance inhibits excited-state relaxation and intramolecular charge-transfer, which significantly alters the photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Matthew J. Dalton
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Stephanie L. Long
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Ramamurthi Kannan
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Zhenning Yu
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate
- Functional Materials Division
- Wright-Patterson AFB
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Daneri M, Abelt CJ. A higher-order preferential solvation model for the fluorescence of two PRODAN derivatives in toluene-alcohol mixtures. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Fonin A, Kuznetsova I, Turoverov K. Spectral properties of BADAN in solutions with different polarities. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Green AM, Abelt CJ. Dual-sensor fluorescent probes of surfactant-induced unfolding of human serum albumin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3912-9. [PMID: 25710498 PMCID: PMC5597305 DOI: 10.1021/jp511252y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two extrinsic fluorescent probes, 3-(dimethylamino)-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[a]naphthalen-7-one (1) and 7-(dimethylamino)-2,3-dihydrophenanthren-4(1H)-one (2), are used to probe the unfolding of human serum albumin by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These probes respond separately to the polarity and H-bond-donating ability of their surroundings. Competitive binding experiments show that fluorophore 1 binds to site I (domain IIA) and 2 binds to site II (domain IIIA). The local acidity of 1 in site I is out of the sensing range of 1, whereas the local acidity of 2 in site II is calculated to be nearly zero on Catalan's solvent acidity index. Both probes show that the first two equivalents of bound SDS result in a decrease in the local polarity of the binding sites. Each subsequent equivalent of SDS gives rise to a dramatic increase in polarity until HSA is saturated with seven molecules of SDS at the end of the specific binding domain. Compound 2 experiences an increase of acidity of 0.10 on Catalan's solvent acidity index through seven equivalents of SDS, but the local acidity for 1 is still out of range. The increase in acidity experienced by 2 is greater than the increase in polarity. This result is consistent with greater exposure of the carbonyl group in 2, but not the bulk of 2, to the aqueous solvent in site II of the SDS-saturated HSA complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Green
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary , Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vequi-Suplicy CC, Coutinho K, Lamy MT. New insights on the fluorescent emission spectra of Prodan and Laurdan. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:621-9. [PMID: 25753230 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prodan and Laurdan are fluorescent probes largely used in biological systems. They were synthetized to be sensitive to the environment polarity, and their fluorescent emission spectrum shifts around 120 nm, from cyclohexane to water. Although accepted that their emission spectrum is composed by two emission bands, the origin of these two bands is still a matter of discussion. Here we analyze the fluorescent spectra of Prodan and Laurdan in solvents of different polarities, both by decomposing the spectrum into two Gaussian bands and by computing the Decay Associated Spectra (DAS), the latter with time resolved fluorescence. Our data show that the intensity of the lower energy emission band of Prodan and Laurdan (attributed, in the literature, to the decay of a solvent relaxed state) is higher in cyclohexane than in water, showing a decrease as the polarity of the medium increases. Moreover, in all solvents studied here, the balance between the two emission bands is not dependent on the temperature, strongly suggesting two independent excited states. Both bands were found to display a red shift as the medium polarity increases. We propose here a new interpretation for the two emission bands of Prodan and Laurdan in homogeneous solvents: they would be related to the emission of two independent states, and not to a pair of non-relaxed and solvent relaxed states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia C Vequi-Suplicy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhong C. The driving forces for twisted or planar intramolecular charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9248-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The driving forces for twisting or planarization of excited D–A (donor–acceptor)-type chromophore have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rai R, Pandey S. Solvatochromic probe response within ionic liquids and their equimolar mixtures with tetraethylene glycol. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:11259-70. [PMID: 25162184 DOI: 10.1021/jp504165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Synergism in a probe response within a mixture hints at the presence of strong interactions involving the solvent constituents of the mixture and possibly the probe. Unusual and rare "hyperpolarity" resulting from the synergism in probe response exhibited by ionic liquid (IL) mixtures with glycol family solvents is investigated in detail for equimolar mixtures of tetraethylene glycol (TEG) with many structurally different ILs using several UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence solvatochromic probes. Thirteen different ILs, of the same cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and different anions, of the same anion bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and different cations, and of C2 methyl-substituted imidazolium cations, are used to assess the structural dependence of the IL on synergism exhibited by (IL + TEG) mixture. Responses from UV-vis absorbance probes are used to obtain ET [dipolarity/polarizability and/or H-bond donating (HBD) acidity] and Kamlet-Taft parameters [π* (dipolarity/polarizability), α (HBD acidity), and β (HB accepting basicity)] within (IL + TEG) mixtures. The band I-to-band III fluorescence intensity ratio of dipolarity probe pyrene along with the lowest energy fluorescence band maxima of pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde (PyCHO, a probe for the permittivity of the medium), coumarin-153 and N,N-dimethyl-6-propionyl-2-naphthylamine PRODAN (neutral photoinduced charge-transfer fluorescence probes), and 6-p-toluidine-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (TNS) and l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) (ionic photoinduced charge-transfer fluorescence probes) are used to assess whether synergism is exhibited by (IL + TEG) equimolar mixtures. Probe responses within TEG equimolar mixtures with ILs are compared to those with common organic solvents. An attempt is made to establish a correlation between the synergism observed in the probe response within an (IL + TEG) mixture and the structural features of the cation and anion of the IL, such as acidity of the protons of the cation, aromaticity of the cation, and size, shape, and coordinating ability of the anion. It is established that the solvatochromism exhibited by the probes within (IL + TEG) mixtures is due to complex coupling of several different interactions and dynamical processes involving the probe as well as IL and TEG within the mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rewa Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi -110016, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ab initio study of solvent-dependent one-, two- and three-photon absorption properties of PRODAN-based chemo-sensors. J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Yoon AH, Whitworth LC, Wagner JD, Abelt CJ. 2,5-PRODAN derivatives as highly sensitive sensors of low solvent acidity. Molecules 2014; 19:6415-27. [PMID: 24853615 PMCID: PMC6270797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 5-acyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene derivatives, one with a propionyl group and the other with a fused cyclohexanone ring, are investigated as sensors of H-bond-donating ability in protic solvents of low solvent acidity. Their fluorescence is highly quenched in protic solvents, and the quenching order of magnitude is linearly related to the H-bond-donating ability of the solvent as quantified by the solvent acidity (SA) scale. As the solvent acidity increases from 0.15 to 0.40, the fluorescence for both is quenched by more than a factor of ten; thus, they are extremely sensitive sensors of the hydrogen-bond-donating ability in this weakly acidic range. Preferential solvation studies suggest that quenching occurs from a doubly H-bonded excited state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA
| | - Laura C Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA
| | - Joel D Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA
| | - Christopher J Abelt
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Titova TY, Artyukhov VY, Zharkova OM, Morozova JP. Spectral-luminescent properties of laurdan molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 124:64-69. [PMID: 24463241 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-chemical calculations of ground and excited states of fluorescent probe (laurdan) by ab initio and semiempirical methods were performed. The laurdan optimized geometries of S0 and S1 states were obtained. The influence of laurdan nonrigidity structure on dipole moments and location of energy levels were studied. The specific solvation centers of laurdan were obtained. The rate constants of photoprocesses and fluorescence quantum yield of laurdan in non-polar solvent were calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Yu Titova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk-50, Lenina 36, Russian Federation.
| | - Victor Ya Artyukhov
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk-50, Lenina 36, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana M Zharkova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk-50, Lenina 36, Russian Federation
| | - Julia P Morozova
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk-50, Lenina 36, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vequi-Suplicy CC, Coutinho K, Lamy MT. Electric dipole moments of the fluorescent probes Prodan and Laurdan: experimental and theoretical evaluations. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:63-74. [PMID: 28509963 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental and theoretical approaches can be used for a comprehensive understanding of solvent effects on the electronic structure of solutes. In this review, we revisit the influence of solvents on the electronic structure of the fluorescent probes Prodan and Laurdan, focusing on their electric dipole moments. These biologically used probes were synthesized to be sensitive to the environment polarity. However, their solvent-dependent electronic structures are still a matter of discussion in the literature. The absorption and emission spectra of Prodan and Laurdan in different solvents indicate that the two probes have very similar electronic structures in both the ground and excited states. Theoretical calculations confirm that their electronic ground states are very much alike. In this review, we discuss the electric dipole moments of the ground and excited states calculated using the widely applied Lippert-Mataga equation, using both spherical and spheroid prolate cavities for the solute. The dimensions of the cavity were found to be crucial for the calculated dipole moments. These values are compared to those obtained by quantum mechanics calculations, considering Prodan in vacuum, in a polarizable continuum solvent, and using a hybrid quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics methodology. Based on the theoretical approaches it is evident that the Prodan dipole moment can change even in the absence of solute-solvent-specific interactions, which is not taken into consideration with the experimental Lippert-Mataga method. Moreover, in water, for electric dipole moment calculations, it is fundamental to consider hydrogen-bonded molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia C Vequi-Suplicy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li G, Zhu D, Xue L, Jiang H. Quinoline-Based Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Detection of Lysosomal pH. Org Lett 2013; 15:5020-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4023547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nikitina YY, Iqbal ES, Yoon HJ, Abelt CJ. Preferential Solvation in Carbonyl-Twisted PRODAN Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9189-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4076433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Y. Nikitina
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, United States
| | - Emil S. Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, United States
| | - Hye Joo Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, United States
| | - Christopher J. Abelt
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Naughton HR, Abelt CJ. Local solvent acidities in β-cyclodextrin complexes with PRODAN derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3323-7. [PMID: 23473052 DOI: 10.1021/jp400765x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The local solvent acidities (SA scale) of six 6-carbonyl-2-aminonaphthalene derivatives as β-cyclodextrin complexes in water are determined through fluorescence quenching. The local polarities (E(T)(N) scale) are determined through the shift of the emission center-of-mass. The apparent SA values reflect the solvent structure surrounding the guest’s carbonyl group, whereas the apparent E(T)(N) values reveal the net polarity of the entire guest molecule. Comparison of these values affords greater insight into the structures of the host–guest complexes. Derivatives 1 and 5 show unusually large acidities, indicative of highly exposed carbonyl groups. The remaining compounds give emission intensities pointing to shielded carbonyl groups. In this study, PRODAN and its derivatives are functioning as dual channel sensors of their local environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Naughton
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vequi-Suplicy CC, Coutinho K, Teresa Lamy M. Optical characterization of Prodan aggregates in water medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11800-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Green AM, Naughton HR, Nealy ZB, Pike RD, Abelt CJ. Carbonyl-twisted 6-acyl-2-dialkylaminonaphthalenes as solvent acidity sensors. J Org Chem 2012; 78:1784-9. [PMID: 22894649 DOI: 10.1021/jo301263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of 2-propionyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene (PRODAN) with twisted carbonyl groups were investigated as highly responsive sensors of H-bond donating ability. The PRODAN derivative bearing a pivaloyl group (4) was prepared. The torsion angle between the carbonyl and naphthalene is 26° in the crystal. It shows solvatochromism that is similar to five other PRODAN derivatives (1-3, 5, 6). Twisted-carbonyl derivatives 3, 4, and 6 show strong fluorescence quenching in protic solvents. The order of magnitude of the quenching is linearly related to the H-bond donating ability of the solvent (SA) but not to other solvent properties. Binary mixtures of protic solvents show specific interaction effects with respect to quenching and solvatochromism. Aggregation in water is an issue with the pivaloyl derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Green
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Benedetti E, Kocsis LS, Brummond KM. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Cyclopenta[b]naphthalene Solvatochromic Fluorophores. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12418-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3055029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Laura S. Kocsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kay M. Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Synthesis and Properties of Two PRODAN-based Fluorescent Models of Cholesterol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012; 238:35-40. [PMID: 22754267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and photophysical properties of 1-(5-methylhexyl)-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-e]indol-9(6H)-one (7a) and 1-(5-methylhexyl)-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-e]indol-6(7H)-one (7b) are reported. They are prepared in eight steps from the corresponding bromonaphthylamines. These fluorescent compounds have PRODAN-like cores, and they are structurally similar to cholesterol. Compound 7a is the first reported PRODAN derivative where both the amino and carbonyl groups are constrained to be coplanar with the naphthalene core. Comparing the photophysical behavior of these compounds with related compounds indicates that locking the amino group in a five-membered ring enhances their desirable properties as solvent polarity sensors.
Collapse
|
33
|
Giordano L, Shvadchak VV, Fauerbach JA, Jares-Erijman EA, Jovin TM. Highly Solvatochromic 7-Aryl-3-hydroxychromones. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1011-1016. [PMID: 26286565 DOI: 10.1021/jz3002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of the dialkylaminophenyl group in position 7 of 3-hydroxychromone changes the orientation of the excited-state dipole moment and leads to superior solvatochromic properties (>170 nm emission shift in aprotic media). The excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 7-aryl-3-hydroxychromones is almost completely inhibited in most solvents. Methylation of the 3-OH abolishes ESIPT completely and also leads to improved photostability. The probes exhibit a ∼100-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and large Stokes shifts upon binding to membranes, reflecting differences in membrane phase and charge by a >40 nm spread in the emission band position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Giordano
- †Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volodymyr V Shvadchak
- †Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Fauerbach
- ‡Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth A Jares-Erijman
- ‡Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas M Jovin
- †Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nitschke WK, Vequi-Suplicy CC, Coutinho K, Stassen H. Molecular Dynamics Investigations of PRODAN in a DLPC Bilayer. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:2713-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2085582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William K. Nitschke
- Grupo de Química Teórica, Instituto de Química, UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves
9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Kaline Coutinho
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, 05315-970
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hubert Stassen
- Grupo de Química Teórica, Instituto de Química, UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves
9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trivedi S, Pandey S, Baker SN, Baker GA, Pandey S. Pronounced Hydrogen Bonding Giving Rise to Apparent Probe Hyperpolarity in Ionic Liquid Mixtures with 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1360-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210199s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New
Delhi −110016, India
| | - Shubha Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
65211, United States
| | - Sheila N. Baker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
65211, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
65211, United States
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New
Delhi −110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parisio G, Marini A, Biancardi A, Ferrarini A, Mennucci B. Polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes in lipid bilayers: bridging spectroscopic behavior and microenvironment properties. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:9980-9. [PMID: 21770447 DOI: 10.1021/jp205163w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the emission features of the fluorescent polarity-sensitive probes known as Prodan and Laurdan in a liquid-crystalline DPPC bilayer. To this purpose, we have combined high-level quantum mechanical electronic structure calculations with a molecular field theory for the positional-orientational-conformational distribution of the probes, in their ground and excited states, inside of the lipid bilayer, taking into account at both levels the nonuniformity and anisotropy of the environment. Thus, we can interpret the features of the fluorescence spectra of Prodan and Laurdan in relation to the position and orientation of their chromophore in the bilayer. We have found that the environment polarity is not sufficient to explain the large red shifts experimentally observed and that specific effects due to hydrogen bonding must be considered. We show that the orientation of the probe is important in determining the accessibility to water of the H-bond-acceptor group; in the case of Laurdan interesting conformational effects are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Parisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abelt CJ, Sun T, Everett RK. 2,5-PRODAN: synthesis and properties. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:618-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Solvatochromism is commonly used in many fields of chemical and biological research to study bulk and local polarity in macrosystems (membranes, etc.), or even the conformation and binding of proteins. Despite its wide use, solvatochromism still remains a largely unknown phenomenon due to the extremely complex coupling of many different interactions and dynamical processes which characterize it. In this study we analyze the influence of different solvents on the photophysical properties of selected charge-transfer probes (4-AP, PRODAN, and FR0). The purpose is to achieve a microscopic understanding of the intermolecular effects which govern the absorption and fluorescence properties of solvated molecular probes, such as solvent-induced structural modifications, polarization effects, solubility, solute-solvent hydrogen-bonding interactions, and solute aggregation. To this aim we have exploited a time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach coupled to complementary solvation approaches (continuum, discrete and mixed discrete and continuum). Such an integration has allowed us to clearly disentangle the complex interplay between specific and nonspecific interactions of the solvent with the probes and show that strong H-bonding effects not only can lead to large solvatochromic shifts but also can affect the nature of the emitting species with resulting reduction of the quantum yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|