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Xiao X, Tian W, Imran M, Cao H, Zhao J. Controlling the triplet states and their application in external stimuli-responsive triplet-triplet-annihilation photon upconversion: from the perspective of excited state photochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9686-9714. [PMID: 34263286 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The property of organic light-responsive materials is determined by their electronic excited states to a large extent, for instance, the radiative decay rate constants, redox potentials, and lifetimes. Tuning the excited state properties with external stimuli will lead to versatile functional materials; a representative example is the fluorescence molecular probes, in which the singlet excited states are controlled by the external stimuli, i.e., by interaction with the analytes. In comparison, controlling the triplet excited state with external stimuli has been rarely reported, although it is also crucial for the development of novel materials for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) reagents and phosphorescent molecular probes. The reported results show that the principles used in singlet excited state tuning are unable to be simply applied to the triplet excited state. In this review article, we summarized the recent results on controlling the triplet excited states by the external stimuli (chemical or light), and the application of the triplet state tuning in the chemical/light controllable triplet-triplet-annihilation upconversion (TTA UC). We discussed the methods for the control of the triplet states, as well as singlet excited state, for the purpose of controlling the TTA UC. Both successful and unsuccessful methods are discussed. This information is helpful for understanding the photophysical processes in which the triplet excited state is involved, and the development of novel external stimuli-responsive triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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2
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Goswami S, Cekli S, Alarousu E, Winkel RW, Younus M, Mohammed OF, Schanze KS. Light-Harvesting Two-Photon-Absorbing Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Seda Cekli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russell W. Winkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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3
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Shelton AH, Valandro SR, Price RS, Dubinina GG, Abboud KA, Wicks G, Rebane A, Younus M, Schanze KS. Stereochemical Effects on Platinum Acetylide Two-Photon Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9382-9393. [PMID: 31589439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cis-platinum(II) acetylide complexes containing two-photon-absorbing chromophores have been synthesized and characterized to explore the effects of stereochemistry on the nonlinear absorption properties. The molecules feature 4-(phenylethynyl)phenylethynylene (PE2), diphenylaminofluorene (DPAF), and benzothiazolylfluorene (BTF) ligands. The photophysical properties were investigated under one- and two-photon conditions and compared to the known trans analogues via UV-visible absorption, photoluminescence, femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (TA), nanosecond z-scan, and femtosecond two-photon absorption (2PA). The bent cis complexes exhibit blue shifts in the absorption, emission, femtosecond, and nanosecond TA spectra along with lower molar extinction coefficients and lower phosphorescence yields relative to the trans complexes suggesting less efficient Pt-induced spin-orbit coupling and intersystem crossing in the cis configuration. The cis chromophores are noncentrosymmetric and therefore show dipolar behavior with a pronounced 2PA in the 0-0 transition of the S0 → S1 band, while the trans complexes show quadrupolar behavior with a forbidden 0-0 transition. In the S0 → Sn region, both cis and trans complexes show intense two-photon-absorption bands (up to 3700 GM by the peak cross section for cis-BTF) which contain a significant contribution from the excited state absorption (S1 → Sn). All six complexes exhibit comparable nonlinear absorption response with a significant contribution from triplet-triplet absorption that slightly favors trans complexes but is more strongly dependent upon the structure of the π-conjugated chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Shelton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Silvano R Valandro
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Randi S Price
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Galyna G Dubinina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Geoffrey Wicks
- ILX Lightwave , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States.,Physics Department , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59715 , United States
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Physics Department , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59715 , United States.,National Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics , Tallinn , 12618 , Estonia
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
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4
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An Optical Power Limiting and Ultrafast Photophysics Investigation of a Series of Multi-Branched Heavy Atom Substituted Fluorene Molecules. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A common molecular design paradigm for optical power limiting (OPL) applications is to introduce heavy atoms that promote intersystem crossing and triplet excited states. In order to investigate this effect, three multi-branched fluorene molecules were prepared where the central moiety was either an organic benzene unit, para-dibromobenzene, or a platinum(II)–alkynyl unit. All three molecules showed good nanosecond OPL performance in solution. However, only the dibromobenzene and Pt–alkynyl compounds showed strong microsecond triplet excited state absorption (ESA). To investigate the photophysical cause of the OPL, especially for the fully organic molecule, photokinetic measurements including ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy were performed. At nanosecond timescales, the ESA of the organic molecule was larger than the two with intersystem crossing (ISC) promoters, explaining its good OPL performance. This points to a design strategy where the singlet-state ESA is balanced with the ISC rate to increase OPL performance at the beginning of a nanosecond pulse.
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5
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Design, synthesis, luminescence and non-linear optical properties of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene-based alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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7
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Triadon A, Grelaud G, Richy N, Mongin O, Moxey GJ, Dixon IM, Yang X, Wang G, Barlow A, Rault-Berthelot J, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Paul F. Linear and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fe(η5-C5Me5)(κ2-dppe)- and trans-Ru(κ2-dppe)2-Alkynyl Complexes Containing 2-Fluorenyl End Groups. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amédée Triadon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Grelaud
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Graeme J. Moxey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Isabelle M. Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Joelle Rault-Berthelot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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8
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Takematsu K, Wehlin SAM, Sattler W, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Two-photon spectroscopy of tungsten(0) arylisocyanides using nanosecond-pulsed excitation. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13188-13193. [PMID: 28933480 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02632c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections (δ) for tungsten(0) arylisocyanides (W(CNAr)6) were determined in the 800-1000 nm region using two-photon luminescence (TPL) spectroscopy. The complexes have high TPA cross sections, in the range 1000-2000 GM at 811.8 nm. In comparison, the cross section at 811.8 nm for tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii), [Ru(bpy)3]2+, is 7 GM. All measurements were performed using a nanosecond-pulsed laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Takematsu
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA.
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9
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Wei K, Gao Z, Liu H, Wu X, Wang F, Xu H. Mechanical Activation of Platinum-Acetylide Complex for Olefin Hydrosilylation. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1146-1150. [PMID: 35650933 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing mechanical forces to activate latent catalysts has emerged as a novel approach to control the catalytic reactions in organic syntheses and polymerization processes. However, using polymer mechanochemistry to activate platinum-based catalysts, a class of important organometallic catalysts in industry, has not been demonstrated so far. Here we show that the platinum-acetylide complex is mechanoresponsive and can be incorporated into a polymer backbone to form a new mechanophore. The mechanically induced chain scission was demonstrated to be able to release catalytically active platinum species which could catalyze the olefin hydrosilylation process. Various control experiments were conducted to confirm that the chain scission and catalytic reaction were originated from the ultrasound-induced dissociation of platinum-acetylide complex. This work further exemplifies the utilization of organometallic complexes in design and synthesis of latent catalysts for mechanocatalysis and development of self-healing materials based on silicone polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zongchun Gao
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huarong Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials
for Energy Conversion, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences
at the Microscale, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter
Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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10
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Wang X, Han Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Gao Z, Wang F. Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Fluorescent Platinum Acetylides for Optical Waveguide Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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11
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Wang X, Han Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Gao Z, Wang F. Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Fluorescent Platinum Acetylides for Optical Waveguide Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12466-12470. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry iChEM(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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12
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Malvolti F, Rouxel C, Grelaud G, Toupet L, Roisnel T, Barlow A, Yang X, Wang G, Abdul Razak FI, Stranger R, Cifuentes MP, Humphrey MG, Mongin O, Blanchard‐Desce M, Paul‐Roth CO, Paul F. Iron and Ruthenium Alkynyl Complexes with 2‐Fluorenyl Groups: Some Linear and Nonlinear Optical Absorption Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Malvolti
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Cedric Rouxel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Guillaume Grelaud
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Loic Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)CNRS (UMR 6251)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Adam Barlow
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Xinwei Yang
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Genmiao Wang
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | | | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Marie P. Cifuentes
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityACT 2601CanberraAustralia
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | | | - Christine O. Paul‐Roth
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesCNRS (UMR 6226)Université de Rennes 1Campus de Beaulieu35042Rennes CedexFrance
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13
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Xu L, Yang HB. Our Expedition in Linear Neutral Platinum-Acetylide Complexes: The Preparation of Micro/nanostructure Materials, Complicated Topologies, and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1274-97. [PMID: 27097565 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the construction of various kinds of platinum-acetylide complexes has attracted considerable attention, because of their wide applications in photovoltaic cells, non-linear optics, and bio-imaging materials. Among these platinum-acetylide complexes, the linear neutral platinum-acetylide complexes, due to their attractive properties, such as well-defined linear geometry, synthetic accessibility, and intriguing photoproperties, have emerged as a rising star in this field. In this personal account, we will discuss how we entered the field of linear neutral platinum-acetylide chemistry and what we found in this field. The preparation of various types of linear neutral platinum-acetylide complexes and their applications in the areas of micro/nanostructure materials, complicated topologies, and dye-sensitized solar cells will be summarized in this account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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14
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Beto CC, Yang X, Powers AR, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Veige AS. Expanding iClick to group 9 metals. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Gao Z, Zhu J, Han Y, Lv X, Zhang X, Wang F. Ligand effects on cooperative supramolecular polymerization of platinum(ii) acetylide complexes. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ligand substitutes exert significant impacts on supramolecular polymerization and macroscopic gelation behaviors of platinum(ii) acetylide monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Junlong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xiaoqin Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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16
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Price RS, Dubinina G, Wicks G, Drobizhev M, Rebane A, Schanze KS. Polymer Monoliths Containing Two-Photon Absorbing Phenylenevinylene Platinum(II) Acetylide Chromophores for Optical Power Limiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10795-10805. [PMID: 25923218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of platinum(II) acetylide complexes containing p-phenylenevinylene and moieties end-capped with triphenylamine groups have been incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) monoliths for optical power limiting applications. The one- and two-photon photophysical properties were investigated and compared to the photophysical properties in THF. The absolute two-photon absorption cross-section values for the monolith samples were measured and are comparable to the values obtained in solution. In the PMMA monoliths, the complexes retained the important two-photon absorption and reverse saturable absorption properties necessary for optical power limiting via dual mode mechanism, and their strong nonlinear absorption property was demonstrated by the open-aperture Z-scan method. Photostability studies of the p-phenylenevinylene platinum(II) acetylide complexes showed two photodegradation processes: a trans-to-cis isomerization and a singlet-oxygen sensitized self-oxidative cleavage. The photostability of the least photostable complex TPV0 was increased upon incorporation into a PMMA matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi S Price
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Galyna Dubinina
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Geoffrey Wicks
- ‡Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- ‡Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- ‡Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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17
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Fan Y, Zhao D. Triangular platinum(II) metallacycles: syntheses, photophysics, and nonlinear optics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6162-6171. [PMID: 25738555 DOI: 10.1021/am509074m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three triangular platinum(II) diimine metallacycles incorporating large cyclic oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) bisacetylide ligands are synthesized, and their photophysical properties are studied. Two types of triplet excited states with ligand/metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and acetylide-ligand-centered characteristics respectively, are exhibited by these complexes depending on the size (conjugation length) and electronic features of the cyclic OPE ligands. When the energy levels of the two excited states are close to each other, the lowest triplet state is found to switch between the two in varied solvents, resulting from their relative energy inversion induced by solvent polarity change. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations provide corroborative evidence for such experimental conclusions. More importantly, the designed metallacycles show impressive two-photon absorption (2PA) and two-photon excitation phosphorescing abilities, and the 2PA cross section reaches 1020 GM at 680 nm and 670 GM at 1040 nm by two different metallacycles. Additionally, pronounced reverse saturable absorptions are observed with these metallacycles by virtue of their strong transient triplet-state absorptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Shi E, Gao Z, Yuan M, Wang X, Wang F. Self-assembly of benzothiadiazole-functionalized dinuclear platinum acetylide bolaamphiphiles for bio-imaging application. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00239g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazole-functionalized dinuclear platinum(ii) acetylide bolaamphiphiles have been demonstrated to form nanoparticles in protic solvents, serving as novel fluorescent labels for bio-imaging applications with good biocompatibility and sufficient stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Zhao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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19
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Sina AAI, Al-Rafia SMI, Ahmad MF, Paul RK, Islam SMS, Younus M, Raithby PR, Ho CL, Lo YH, Liu L, Li H, Wong WY. Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Novel Platinum(II) Acetylide Complexes and Polymers with Tri(tolyl)phosphine as the Auxiliary Ligand. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-014-0071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Goswami S, Wicks G, Rebane A, Schanze KS. Photophysics and non-linear absorption of Au(i) and Pt(ii) acetylide complexes of a thienyl-carbazole chromophore. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17721-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Vivas MG, De Boni L, Cooper TM, Mendonca CR. Understanding the Two-Photon Absorption Spectrum of PE2 Platinum Acetylide Complex. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5608-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503318u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Vivas
- Grupo
de Fotônica, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Instituto
de Ciência de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Cidade
Universitária—BR 267 Km 533, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Grupo
de Fotônica, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Materials and Manufacturing
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Cleber R. Mendonca
- Grupo
de Fotônica, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
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22
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Rebane A, Drobizhev M, Makarov NS, Wicks G, Wnuk P, Stepanenko Y, Haley JE, Krein DM, Fore JL, Burke AR, Slagle JE, McLean DG, Cooper TM. Symmetry Breaking in Platinum Acetylide Chromophores Studied by Femtosecond Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3749-3759. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5009658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Rebane
- Physics
Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mikhail Drobizhev
- Physics
Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Nikolay S. Makarov
- Physics
Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Geoffrey Wicks
- Physics
Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Pawel Wnuk
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Yuriy Stepanenko
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Douglas M. Krein
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- General Dynamics
Information Technology, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Fore
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- SOCHE Student Research
Program, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Aaron R. Burke
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Slagle
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Science
Applications
International Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Daniel G. McLean
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Science
Applications
International Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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Winkel RW, Dubinina GG, Abboud KA, Schanze KS. Photophysical properties of trans-platinum acetylide complexes featuring N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17712-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Platinum acetylide complexes featuring NHC-carbene ligands show enhanced photophysical properties relative to complexes with phosphine ligands.
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24
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Shelton AH, Price RS, Brokmann L, Dettlaff B, Schanze KS. High efficiency platinum acetylide nonlinear absorption chromophores covalently linked to poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7867-7874. [PMID: 23899438 DOI: 10.1021/am401834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report three platinum acetylide acrylate monomers containing known two-photon absorption (TPA) chromophores and their covalent incorporation into polymers via free radical polymerization with methyl methacrylate. The photophysical properties of the platinum acetylide monomers and resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) copolymers were investigated to determine if the one- and two-photon photophysical properties of the chromophores were maintained in the copolymers. The photophysical properties of the series of copolymers were studied in solution and solid state with minimum shifts exhibited in the ground state absorption, photoluminescence, and triplet-triplet transient absorption spectra. The polymer films displayed markedly stronger phosphorescence and longer triplet excited state lifetimes than the polymers in solution or the monomers. The incorporation of the platinum acetylide chromophores into the PMMA copolymers allows the materials to be cast as thin films or into free-standing monoliths. Films with ~3.6 μm in thickness and monoliths with 1 mm path length were fabricated and examined. The nonlinear absorption responses of the polymers in solution were measured via the nanosecond z-scan method, and the solid state polymer monoliths were measured via nonlinear transmittance. Both measurements indicate that the polymers exhibited strong transmittance attenuation at input pulse energies exceeding 100 μJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Shelton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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25
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Zhang B, Li Y, Liu R, Pritchett TM, Haley JE, Sun W. Extending the bandwidth of reverse saturable absorption in platinum complexes using two-photon-initiated excited-state absorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:565-572. [PMID: 23273050 DOI: 10.1021/am3018724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pt(II) complexes bearing 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine or 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)ethynyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ligand exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two-photon initiated excited-state absorption in the near-IR region. They are promising broadband nonlinear absorbing materials from the visible to the near-IR region. The extended π-conjugation in complex 2 that has a C≡C linker between the terpyridine ligand and the 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2'-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl) substituent significantly increases the two-photon absorption cross sections (σ(2)), making it among the strongest of two-photon absorbing Pt(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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26
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Kindahl T, Ellingsen PG, Lopes C, Brännlund C, Lindgren M, Eliasson B. Photophysical and DFT Characterization of Novel Pt(II)-Coupled 2,5-Diaryloxazoles for Nonlinear Optical Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11519-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307312v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kindahl
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901
87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pål Gunnar Ellingsen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cesar Lopes
- Sensor and EW Systems, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), SE-581 11 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Carl Brännlund
- Sensor and EW Systems, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), SE-581 11 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bertil Eliasson
- Department
of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901
87 Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Charge-separated excited states in platinum(II) chromophores: Photophysics, formation, stabilization and utilization in solar energy conversion. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Makarov NS, Mukhopadhyay S, Yesudas K, Brédas JL, Perry JW, Pron A, Kivala M, Müllen K. Impact of Electronic Coupling, Symmetry, and Planarization on One- and Two-Photon Properties of Triarylamines with One, Two, or Three Diarylboryl Acceptors. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3781-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211878u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S. Makarov
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for
Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Sukrit Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for
Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Kada Yesudas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for
Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for
Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Joseph W. Perry
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and Center for
Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Agnieszka Pron
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
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29
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Liao C, Shelton AH, Kim KY, Schanze KS. Organoplatinum chromophores for application in high-performance nonlinear absorption materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3225-3238. [PMID: 21627310 DOI: 10.1021/am200491y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chromophores and materials that exhibit nonlinear absorption over a broad spectrum and with high temporal dynamic range are of interest for application in materials engineering and biology. Recent work by a number of research groups has led to the development of a new family of organometallic chromophores and materials featuring interesting and useful nonlinear absorption properties. These systems contain the platinum acetylide moiety as a fundamental molecular unit, combined with delocalized, π-conjugated electron systems. These organometallic chromophores provide a unique combination of properties, such as negligible ground state absorption in the visible region, large spin-orbit coupling giving rise to high triplet excited state yield, triplet lifetime in the microsecond domain, high two-photon cross-section in the visible and near-infrared regions, and high triplet-triplet absorption cross-section in the visible and near-infrared region. This Spotlight on Application highlights recent developments in this area, combining background and review on nonlinear absorption in platinum acetylide chromophores and describing significant recent results from our own laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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30
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Keller JM, Glusac KD, Danilov EO, McIlroy S, Sreearuothai P, Cook AR, Jiang H, Miller JR, Schanze KS. Negative polaron and triplet exciton diffusion in organometallic "molecular wires". J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11289-98. [PMID: 21644580 DOI: 10.1021/ja202898p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of negative polaron and triplet exciton transport within a series of monodisperse platinum (Pt) acetylide oligomers is reported. The oligomers consist of Pt-acetylide repeats, [PtL(2)-C≡C-Ph-C≡C-](n) (where L = PBu(3) and Ph = 1,4-phenylene, n = 2, 3, 6, and 10), capped with naphthalene diimide (NDI) end groups. The Pt-acetylide segments are electro- and photoactive, and they serve as conduits for transport of electrons (negative polaron) and triplet excitons. The NDI end groups are relatively strong acceptors, serving as traps for the carriers. Negative polaron transport is studied by using pulse radiolysis/transient absorption at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Laser-Electron Accelerator Facility (LEAF). Electrons are rapidly attached to the oligomers, with some fraction initially residing upon the Pt-acetylide chains. The dynamics of transport are resolved by monitoring the spectral changes associated with transfer of electrons from the chain to the NDI end group. Triplet exciton transport is studied by femtosecond-picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Near-UV excitation leads to rapid production of triplet excitons localized on the Pt-acetylide chains. The excitons transport to the chain ends, where they are annihilated by charge separation with the NDI end group. The dynamics of triplet transport are resolved by transient absorption spectroscopy, taking advantage of the changes in spectra associated with decay of the triplet exciton and rise of the charge-separated state. The results indicate that negative polarons and excitons are transported rapidly, on average moving distances of ~3 nm in less than 200 ps. Analysis of the dynamics suggests diffusive transport by a site-to-site hopping mechanism with hopping times of ~27 ps for triplets and <10 ps for electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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31
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Karpicz R, Puzinas S, Krotkus S, Kazlauskas K, Jursenas S, Grazulevicius JV, Grigalevicius S, Gulbinas V. Impact of intramolecular twisting and exciton migration on emission efficiency of multifunctional fluorene-benzothiadiazole-carbazole compounds. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3594047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Chan CKM, Tao CH, Li KF, Man-Chung Wong K, Zhu N, Cheah KW, Yam VWW. Synthesis, characterization, luminescence and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of truxene-containing platinum(II) alkynyl complexes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Chan CKM, Tao CH, Li KF, Wong KMC, Zhu N, Cheah KW, Yam VWW. Design, synthesis, characterization, luminescence and non-linear optical (NLO) properties of multinuclear platinum(ii) alkynyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10670-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Liao C, Yarnell JE, Glusac KD, Schanze KS. Photoinduced Charge Separation in Platinum Acetylide Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14763-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103531y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
| | - James E. Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
| | - Ksenija D. Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
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