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Franquesa-Viñas P, Ribas-Ariño J, Santiago R, Deumal M. Enhancing Intramolecular Ferromagnetic Coupling in Tetrathiafulvalene-Nitronyl Nitroxide-Based Compounds through Spin Polarization Mechanism. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400166. [PMID: 38530333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Spin-polarized donor radicals based on tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives and nitronyl nitroxide (NN) radicals in which one-electron oxidation involves the HOMO instead of the SOMO are well known for exhibiting magnetoresistance. In particular, BTBN consists of one dibromo-TTF and one NN radical, which are linked by a phenyl coupler group. One of the key factors driving magnetoresistance is the presence of intramolecular ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between the oxidized π-donor (TTF+⋅, D unit) and NN (R unit). Here, a theoretical study is carried out to assess suitable candidates with enhanced FM coupling with respect BTBN, which is thus used as a reference. The study is conducted via in silico chemical modification of the substituents of the BTBN basic functional units (D and R radicals, C coupler) to benefit from the spin polarization mechanism to boost the intramolecular FM coupling, aiming to distort the BTBN radical arrangement within the molecular crystal as little as possible, in the event the material can be synthesized. NICSiso(1) and Wiberg's Bond Order are analyzed to further assist in identifying promising potential candidates, since the decrease in aromaticity is expected to enhance the diradical character and give rise to a larger magnetic coupling value. The most favorable diradical building block to replace the BTBN moiety results from using a hydroxyl-ethylene (-(H)C=C(OH)-) as a coupler preserving BTBN original radicals, namely, NN and TTF+⋅ units. This study aims at illustrating the feasibility of improving the intramolecular FM interaction between radical moieties, which is fully realized, as a first step towards the synthesis of new materials with (possibly) enhanced magnetoresistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Franquesa-Viñas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Raul Santiago
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
| | - Mercè Deumal
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & IQTCUB, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona
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Malik R, Bu Y. Intramolecular Proton Transfer Modulation of Magnetic Spin Coupling Interaction in Photochromic Azobenzene Derivatives with an Ortho-Site Hydroxyl as a Modulator. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9165-9177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Malik
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, People’s Republic of China
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Sarbadhikary P, Misra A. Magnetic Modulation in Heteroallene and Heterocumulene Based tert-butyl Nitroxide Diradicals: Spin Delocalization and Conformation Play Crucial Roles. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1379-1388. [PMID: 33977620 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have theoretically investigated the magnetic properties of heteroallene (>C=C=X-) and heterocumulene (>C=C=C=X-) based tert-butyl nitroxide diradicals (X is P/As). Calculation of magnetic exchange coupling constant (J) shows ferromagnetic interaction in heteroallene based diradicals. Whereas, in heterocumulene based diradicals, tuning of J value from antiferro- to ferro-magnetic state is observed from Z- to E- isomer. Delocalization of spin density from radical site to the coupler (in planar arrangement) is observed in spin distribution analysis which is also advocated by molecular orbital analysis. The typical feature of tert-butyl nitroxide radical creates spin delocalization along with spin polarization within the coupler. The J values of all the diradicals strongly depend on the dihedral angle between radical center and coupler. Magneto-structural correlation shows that the change in dihedral angle tunes the magnetic property for both the Z- and E- isomers of heterocumulenes depending on the spin accumulation on two nearby magnetic centers. The extent of spin delocalization and conformation of spin centers on the molecular axis are important for the different J values observed in our designed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Dist-Darjeeling, 734013, India
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Burnea FKB, Ko KC, Lee JY. Effective modulation of intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction of diradicals by functionalization of cross-conjugated coupler. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20688-20694. [PMID: 30062363 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-conjugated molecules are an interesting class of conjugated systems possessing a spatially separated HOMO and LUMO. Most previous studies have taken advantage of this property by using it in organic semiconductor applications. Herein, we undertake a new investigation on the use of this type of molecule, in particular benzo[1,2-d;4,5-d']bisoxazole (BBO), as a coupler for organic diradicals. BBO has two sites available for adding a substituent and a spin center (SC) which are along its 4,8- and 2,6-axes. Functionalizations using electron donating (ED) and electron withdrawing (EW) groups were imposed to tune its FMOs and it was found that the longer 2,6-axis is an ideal site with a broader LUMO range via substituent effects. Diradicalization of these BBOs using nitronyl nitroxide (NN) and nitroxide (NO) as SCs was done using the remaining available axis. The calculated J values are linearly dependent on the LUMO energy of the coupler, but with 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC as an outlier. This exceptional case is related to 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC having the lowest BBO-NN dihedral angle. Moreover, the diradicals 4,8-X-2,6-SC (with X = H, NH2, CH3) have higher J values than 2,6-X-4,8-SC (with X = H, NH2, CH3), which is counterintuitive because the latter have a shorter coupling path. These diradicals are positioned to the right of the intersection of their trend lines, which implies that diradicals with LUMO values to the right of this intersection have the tendency to attain J values that are higher than those diradicals with a shorter coupling path. 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC even surpasses the projected JMax values which we associate with the highest attainable J values due to LUMO tuning via substituent effects. These results provide useful insights, especially into the interplay between the LUMO and the dihedral angle and how these affect magnetism in diradicals. In conclusion, we found that BBO can be a good candidate as an effective coupler for diradicals with tunable J values via incorporation of ED and EW groups. This first approach to studying the application of cross-conjugated molecules as couplers also paves the way for new candidates for the development of more effective diradical systems.
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Song M, Song X, Bu Y. Tuning the Spin Coupling Interactions in the Nitroxide-Based Bisphenol-Like Diradicals. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2487-2498. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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Venneri S, Wilson J, Rawson JM, Pilkington M. Structural, Magnetic and DFT studies on a Charge-Transfer Salt of a Tetrathiafulvalenepyridyl-(1,5-diisopropyl) verdazyl Diradical Cation. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1624-1633. [PMID: 31973366 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor covalently appended with a 1,5-diisopropylverdazyl radical through a cross-conjugated pyridyl linker (3) has been prepared and characterised. Reaction of 3 with tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) afforded the 2:1 charge-transfer complex (3)2 ⋅TCNQ (4), in which the IR and structural data are consistent with 0.25 e- charge transfer from the TTF donor (D) to the TCNQ acceptor (A). The TTF and TCNQ molecules adopt a mixed-stack D⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅A arrangement that does not facilitate conduction. A solution EPR spectrum of 4 comprises a broad featureless singlet, which is consistent with the presence of a TCNQ radical anion. Theoretical studies were performed to probe the exchange interactions within selected fragments of 4 with and without charge transfer. In the absence of charge transfer, DFT calculations reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange between verdazyl radicals within the (3)2 monoradical unit. However, partial oxidation of the dimer (3)2 to the diradical cation leads to an S= 1 / 2 ground state, in which the verdazyl radical spins are now aligned co-parallel as a consequence of antiferromagnetic exchange to the additional delocalised TTF-based spin containing unit. The magnetic properties of 4 are consistent with a net S= 1 / 2 spin state per formula unit with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between spin-bearing building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Venneri
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Justin Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Melanie Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Cho D, Ko KC, Ikabata Y, Wakayama K, Yoshikawa T, Nakai H, Lee JY. Effect of Hartree-Fock exact exchange on intramolecular magnetic coupling constants of organic diradicals. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024318. [PMID: 25591364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Wakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Ko KC, Park YG, Cho D, Lee JY. Simple but Useful Scheme toward Understanding of Intramolecular Magnetic Interactions: Benzene-Bridged Oxoverdazyl Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9596-606. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Young Geun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Cho D, Ko KC, Lee JY. Organic Magnetic Diradicals (Radical–Coupler–Radical): Standardization of Couplers for Strong Ferromagnetism. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5112-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5046639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Misochko EY, Korchagin DV, Akimov AV, Masitov AA, Tolstikov SE, Tretyakov EV, Ovcharenko VI. Molecular conformations and magnetic parameters of the compact trimethylenemethane-type triplet diradical. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8065-72. [PMID: 23895219 DOI: 10.1021/jp405572n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ESR spectrum of compact nitroxide (NO)-substituted nitronyl nitroxide (NN) triplet diradical N-tert-butyl-N-oxidanyl-2-amino-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-3-oxide-1-oxyl (1) was recorded in solid argon matrix at 15 K. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of 1 were derived from the recorded ESR spectrum: |D| = 0.0248 cm(-1) and E = 0.0025 cm(-1). Quantum chemical calculations have been performed using DFT and multiconfigurational ab initio (CAS) methods in order to establish equilibrium geometries of the conformational isomers resulting from twisted conformations of NO and NN moieties. The ZFS parameters of 1 were calculated at these levels of theory to test validity of the calculated structures. The calculation results were analyzed using the measured ZFS parameters and magnetic and structural data from the previous studies (Suzuki, S.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15908; Tretyakov, E. V.; et al. Russ. Chem. Bull. 2011, 60, 2608). It was found that the ab initio method is most successful for accurate predictions of molecular and magnetic parameters. Diradical 1 has only one stable enantiomeric pair in pseudoeclipsed conformations. The two chiral isomers exist in racemic crystals 1 and in solid matrices with molecular parameters close to those attributed to a free molecule. The analysis of the spin density distribution suggests that one unpaired electron occupies NO group at the equilibrium geometry, whereas the torsion of NO group governs the spin density distribution of the second unpaired electron on a conjugated fragment in NN group. The increase in planarity by torsion of NO group enhances the trimethylenemethane-type properties and, therefore, gives rise to larger ferromagnetic exchange interaction. More planar equilibrium geometry and greater (three times) exchange interaction constant J were predicted for hypothetical diradical 1a, where bulky tert-butyl group is replaced by a methyl group in the nitroxide fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Ya Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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Ko KC, Cho D, Lee JY. Scaling Approach for Intramolecular Magnetic Coupling Constants of Organic Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3561-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4017695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Pal AK, Hansda S, Datta SN, Illas F. Theoretical Investigation of Stilbene as Photochromic Spin Coupler. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1773-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306715y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shekhar Hansda
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sambhu N. Datta
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Francesc Illas
- Department de Químcia Física & Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Camerel F, Jeannin O, Yzambart G, Fabre B, Lorcy D, Fourmigué M. Redox-active proligands from the direct connection of 1,3-dithiol-2-one to tetrathiafulvalene (TTF): syntheses, characterizations and metal complexation. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj41097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ko KC, Cho D, Lee JY. Systematic Approach To Design Organic Magnetic Molecules: Strongly Coupled Diradicals with Ethylene Coupler. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6837-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University,
Suwon 440-746, Korea
- Supercomputing
Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Ko KC, Son SU, Lee S, Lee JY. Diazaphenalenyl-Containing Spin Sources Designed by Standardization of Intramolecular Magnetic Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8401-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2024846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung Uk Son
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Sik Lee
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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Saha A, Latif IA, Datta SN. Photoswitching magnetic crossover in organic molecular systems. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1371-9. [PMID: 21314192 DOI: 10.1021/jp107049u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have theoretically designed efficient photomagnetic diradicals using both substituted and unsubstituted cyclophanediene (CPD) and dihydropyrenes (DHP) as spacers. Nitronyl nitroxide (NN), oxoverdazyl (o-VER), and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) are chosen as monoradical centers. Molecular geometries have been optimized by the density functional method UB3LYP using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Final single point calculations have been done with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis. Absorption wavelengths have been estimated from time-dependent density functional treatment using restricted spin-polarized density functionals (RB3LYP) and 6-31G basis. Both the substituted and unsubstituted CPD species with mixed monoradical centers are found to be antiferromagnetically coupled. Diradicals with the same centers but with DHP coupler exhibit strong ferromagnetic coupling. Also, photoexcitations of the diradicals are generally red-shifted by only a few nanometers from those of the 15,16-dimethyl pyrenes. This indicates that on photoexcitation a consistent magnetic crossover from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic regime is possible. The accompanying change in magnetic exchange coupling constant ΔJ is very large, varying from 445 to 1003 cm(-1). As far as organic molecular magnetism is concerned, this observation is entirely new and likely to be of technological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
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