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Kwan V, Maiti SR, Saika-Voivod I, Consta S. Salt Enrichment and Dynamics in the Interface of Supercooled Aqueous Droplets. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11148-11158. [PMID: 35715222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interconversion reaction of NaCl between the contact-ion pair (CIP) and the solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) as well as the free-ion state in cold droplets has not yet been investigated. We report direct computational evidence that the lower is the temperature, the closer to the surface the ion interconversion reaction takes place. In supercooled droplets the enrichment of the subsurface in salt becomes more evident. The stability of the SSIP relative to the CIP increases as the ion-pairing is transferred toward the droplet's outer layers. In the free-ion state, where the ions diffuse independently in the solution, the number density of Cl- shows a broad maximum in the interior in addition to the well-known maximum in the surface. In the study of the reaction dynamics, we find a weak coupling between the interionic NaCl distance reaction coordinate and the solvent degrees of freedom, which contrasts with the diffusive crossing of the free energy barrier found in bulk solution modeling. The H2O self-diffusion coefficient is found to be at least an order of magnitude larger than that in the bulk solution. We propose to exploit the enhanced surface ion concentration at low temperature to eliminate salts from droplets in native mass spectrometry ionization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shoubhik R Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Saika-Voivod
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Styliani Consta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Malek SMA, Kwan V, Saika-Voivod I, Consta S. Low Density Interior in Supercooled Aqueous Nanodroplets Expels Ions to the Subsurface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13113-13123. [PMID: 34375522 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between water and ions within droplets plays a key role in the chemical reactivity of atmospheric and man-made aerosols. Here we report direct computational evidence that in supercooled aqueous nanodroplets a lower density core of tetrahedrally coordinated water expels the cosmotropic ions to the denser and more disordered subsurface. In contrast, at room temperature, depending on the nature of the ion, the radial distribution in the droplet core is nearly uniform or elevated toward the center. We analyze the spatial distribution of a single ion in terms of a reference electrostatic model. The energy of the system in the analytical model is expressed as the sum of the electrostatic and surface energy of a deformable droplet. The model predicts that the ion is subject to a harmonic potential centered at the droplet's center of mass. We name this effect "electrostatic confinement". The model's predictions are consistent with the simulation findings for a single ion at room temperature but not at supercooling. We anticipate this study to be the starting point for investigating the structure of supercooled (electro)sprayed droplets that are used to preserve the conformations of macromolecules originating from the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrazad M A Malek
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Victor Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ivan Saika-Voivod
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X7, Canada.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Styliani Consta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhong J, Carignano MA, Kais S, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, Gladich I. Tuning the Stereoselectivity and Solvation Selectivity at Interfacial and Bulk Environments by Changing Solvent Polarity: Isomerization of Glyoxal in Different Solvent Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5535-5543. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Marcelo A. Carignano
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 31110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabre Kais
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 31110, Doha, Qatar
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Brorsen KR, Willow SY, Xantheas SS, Gordon MS. The Melting Temperature of Liquid Water with the Effective Fragment Potential. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3555-3559. [PMID: 26722723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct simulation of the solid-liquid water interface with the effective fragment potential (EFP) via the constant enthalpy and pressure (NPH) ensemble was used to estimate the melting temperature (T(m)) of ice-I(h). Initial configurations and velocities, taken from equilibrated constant pressure and temperature (NPT) simulations at P = 1 atm and T = 305 K, 325 K and 399 K, respectively, yielded corresponding T(m) values of 378 ± 16 K, 382 ± 14 K and 384 ± 15 K. These estimates are consistently higher than experiment, albeit to the same degree as previously reported estimates using density functional theory (DFT)-based Born-Oppenheimer simulations with the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functional plus dispersion corrections (BLYP-D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Brorsen
- Ames Laboratory, US-DOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Soohaeng Yoo Willow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sotiris S Xantheas
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Ames Laboratory, US-DOE and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Shi Y, Ren P, Schnieders M, Piquemal JP. Polarizable Force Fields for Biomolecular Modeling. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118889886.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kiss PT, Bertsyk P, Baranyai A. Testing recent charge-on-spring type polarizable water models. I. Melting temperature and ice properties. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Gladich I, Roeselová M. Comparison of selected polarizable and nonpolarizable water models in molecular dynamics simulations of ice Ih. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11371-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Heger D, Nachtigallová D, Surman F, Krausko J, Magyarová B, Brumovský M, Rubeš M, Gladich I, Klán P. Self-Organization of 1-Methylnaphthalene on the Surface of Artificial Snow Grains: A Combined Experimental–Computational Approach. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11412-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Surman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Krausko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Magyarová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Brumovský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Rubeš
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Gladich I, Pfalzgraff W, Maršálek O, Jungwirth P, Roeselová M, Neshyba S. Arrhenius analysis of anisotropic surface self-diffusion on the prismatic facet of ice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19960-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Viererblová L, Kolafa J. A classical polarizable model for simulations of water and ice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19925-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Vega C, Abascal JLF. Simulating water with rigid non-polarizable models: a general perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19663-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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