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Szell PMJ, Nilsson Lill SO, Blade H, Brown SP, Hughes LP. A toolbox for improving the workflow of NMR crystallography. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 116:101761. [PMID: 34736104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2021.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR crystallography is a powerful tool with applications in structural characterization and crystal structure verification, to name two. However, applying this tool presents several challenges, especially for industrial users, in terms of consistency, workflow, time consumption, and the requirement for a high level of understanding of experimental solid-state NMR and GIPAW-DFT calculations. Here, we have developed a series of fully parameterized scripts for use in Materials Studio and TopSpin, based on the .magres file format, with a focus on organic molecules (e.g. pharmaceuticals), improving efficiency, robustness, and workflow. We separate these tools into three major categories: performing the DFT calculations, extracting & visualizing the results, and crystallographic modelling. These scripts will rapidly submit fully parameterized CASTEP jobs, extract data from the calculations, assist in visualizing the results, and expedite the process of structural modelling. Accompanied with these tools is a description on their functionality, documentation on how to get started and use the scripts, and links to video tutorials for guiding new users. Through the use of these tools, we hope to facilitate NMR crystallography and to harmonize the process across users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
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2
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Gackowski M, Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk M, Duraczyńska D, Hinz A, Bzowska M, Szczepanowicz K. The role of water in the confinement of ibuprofen in SBA-15. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7482-7491. [PMID: 34551060 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ibuprofen into mesopores of SBA-15 has been accomplished using the melting method. Samples exhibit from 9 to 33% of the hydrophobic drug. They are not toxic to mouse monocyte-macrophage cells and do not stimulate a pro-inflammatory response. The sample with 25% of the drug showed no crystalline ibuprofen and almost filled the mesopores, while the sample with 33% showed a total filling of the mesopores with some crystalline ibuprofen present. By means of 1D (1H, 13C HPDEC, 13C CP MAS) and 2D (1H-1H NOESY) MAS NMR spectroscopy, it has been shown that water coexists with ibuprofen in mesopores and has an impact on the mobility of ibuprofen molecules and their location within the sample (outside or inside mesopores). Studies in the dehydrated state show for the first time that the high mobility of ibuprofen in mesopores is directly connected to the presence of water. Dehydrated samples show slightly slower release rates in comparison to their hydrated counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gackowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Duraczyńska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Alicja Hinz
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bzowska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Scarperi A, Barcaro G, Pajzderska A, Martini F, Carignani E, Geppi M. Structural Refinement of Carbimazole by NMR Crystallography. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154577. [PMID: 34361730 PMCID: PMC8347463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the three-dimensional structure of solids is of major importance, especially in the pharmaceutical field. In the present work, NMR crystallography methods are applied with the aim to refine the crystal structure of carbimazole, an active pharmaceutical ingredient used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and Grave’s disease. Starting from previously reported X-ray diffraction data, two refined structures were obtained by geometry optimization methods. Experimental 1H and 13C isotropic chemical shift measured by the suitable 1H and 13C high-resolution solid state NMR techniques were compared with DFT-GIPAW calculated values, allowing the quality of the obtained structure to be experimentally checked. The refined structure was further validated through the analysis of 1H-1H and 1H-13C 2D NMR correlation experiments. The final structure differs from that previously obtained from X-ray diffraction data mostly for the position of hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scarperi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- Institute For Chemical And Physical Processes, Italian National Council for Research, CNR/IPCF, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Aleksandra Pajzderska
- Department of Radiospectroscopy, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Carignani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Italian National Council for Research, CNR/ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219353 (E.C.); +39-050-2219289 (M.G.)
| | - Marco Geppi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Italian National Council for Research, CNR/ICCOM, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219353 (E.C.); +39-050-2219289 (M.G.)
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4
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Crystal and molecular structure of V-amylose complexed with ibuprofen. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Altenhof AR, Jaroszewicz MJ, Harris KJ, Schurko RW. Broadband adiabatic inversion experiments for the measurement of longitudinal relaxation time constants. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034202. [PMID: 33499635 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurements of longitudinal relaxation time constants (T1) in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) experiments are important for the study of molecular-level structure and dynamics. Such measurements are often made under magic-angle spinning conditions; however, there are numerous instances where they must be made on stationary samples, which often give rise to broad powder patterns arising from large anisotropic NMR interactions. In this work, we explore the use of wideband uniform-rate smooth-truncation pulses for the measurement of T1 constants. Two experiments are introduced: (i) BRAIN-CPT1, a modification of the BRAIN-CP (BRoadband Adiabatic-INversion-Cross Polarization) sequence, for broadband CP-based T1 measurements and (ii) WCPMG-IR, a modification of the WURST-CPMG sequence, for direct-excitation (DE) inversion-recovery experiments. A series of T1 constants are measured for spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei with broad powder patterns, such as 119Sn (I = 1/2), 35Cl (I = 3/2), 2H (I = 1), and 195Pt (I = 1/2). High signal-to-noise spectra with uniform patterns can be obtained due to signal enhancements from T2 eff-weighted echo trains, and in favorable cases, BRAIN-CPT1 allows for the rapid measurement of T1 in comparison to DE experiments. Protocols for spectral acquisition, processing, and analysis of relaxation data are discussed. In most cases, relaxation behavior can be modeled with either monoexponential or biexponential functions based upon measurements of integrated powder pattern intensity; however, it is also demonstrated that one must interpret such T1 values with caution, as demonstrated by measurements of T1 anisotropy in 119Sn, 2H, and 195Pt NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Altenhof
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Michael J Jaroszewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kristopher J Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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Szell PMJ, Lewandowski JR, Blade H, Hughes LP, Nilsson Lill SO, Brown SP. Taming the dynamics in a pharmaceutical by cocrystallization: investigating the impact of the coformer by solid-state NMR. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-HIV pharmaceutical efavirenz is highly dynamic in its crystalline state, and we show that these dynamics can be tamed through the introduction of a coformer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Sten O. Nilsson Lill
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven P. Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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7
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Carignani E, Borsacchi S, Blasi P, Schoubben A, Geppi M. Dynamics of Clay-Intercalated Ibuprofen Studied by Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2569-2578. [PMID: 31021643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In designing drug delivery systems with improved release properties and bioavailability, the dynamic features of the active pharmaceutical ingredient can be crucial for the final product properties. In this work, we aimed at obtaining the first characterization of the molecular dynamic properties of one of the most common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, intercalated in hydrotalcite, an interesting inorganic carrier. By exploiting a variety of solid state NMR techniques, including 1H and 13C MAS spectra and T1 relaxation measurements, performed at variable temperature and carrying out a synergic analysis of all results, it has been possible to ascertain that the mobility of ibuprofen within the carrier is remarkably increased. In particular, strong indications have been obtained that ibuprofen molecules, in addition to internal interconformational dynamics, experience an overall molecular motion. Also considering that ibuprofen is "anchored" to the charged surface of the hydrotalcite layers through its carboxylate moiety, such motion could be a wobbling-in-a-cone. Activation energies and correlation times of all the motions of intercalated ibuprofen have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Carignani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy.,Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici - CNR , via G. Moruzzi 1 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Silvia Borsacchi
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici - CNR , via G. Moruzzi 1 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università di Camerino , via Gentile III da Varano , 62032 Camerino , Italy
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università di Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Marco Geppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , via G. Moruzzi 13 , 56124 Pisa , Italy.,Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici - CNR , via G. Moruzzi 1 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
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8
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Direct observation of the effects of small-amplitude motions on 13C nuclear shielding tensors by means of low-temperature 2D MAS NMR spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Ferro M, Castiglione F, Pastori N, Punta C, Melone L, Panzeri W, Rossi B, Trotta F, Mele A. Dynamics and interactions of ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponges by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:182-194. [PMID: 28228859 PMCID: PMC5301966 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two different formulations of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS), obtained by polycondensation of β-cyclodextrin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride (EDTAn), were treated with aqueous solutions of ibuprofen sodium salt (IbuNa) affording hydrogels that, after lyophilisation, gave two solid CDNS-drug formulations. 1H fast MAS NMR and 13C CP-MAS NMR spectra showed that IbuNa was converted in situ into its acidic and dimeric form (IbuH) after freeze-drying. 13C CP-MAS NMR spectra also indicated that the structure of the nanosponge did not undergo changes upon drug loading compared to the unloaded system. However, the 13C NMR spectra collected under variable contact time cross-polarization (VCT-CP) conditions showed that the polymeric scaffold CDNS changed significantly its dynamic regime on passing from the empty CDNS to the drug-loaded CDNS, thus showing that the drug encapsulation can be seen as the formation of a real supramolecular aggregate rather than a conglomerate of two solid components. Finally, the structural features obtained from the different solid-state NMR approaches reported matched the information from powder X-ray diffraction profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ferro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franca Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Pastori
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Melone
- Università degli Studi e-Campus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32 - 20133 Milano, Italy; CNR-ICRM, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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10
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Viciosa MT, Santos G, Costa A, Danède F, Branco LC, Jordão N, Correia NT, Dionísio M. Dipolar motions and ionic conduction in an ibuprofen derived ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:24108-20. [PMID: 26315452 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that the combination of the almost water insoluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) ibuprofen with the biocompatible 1-ethanol-3-methylimidazolium [C2OHMIM] cation of an ionic liquid (IL) leads to a highly water miscible IL-API with a solubility increased by around 5 orders of magnitude. Its phase transformations, as crystallization and glass transition, are highly sensitive to the water content, the latter shifting to higher temperatures upon dehydration. By dielectric relaxation spectroscopy the dynamical behavior of anhydrous [C2OHMIM][Ibu] and with 18.5 and 3% of water content (w/w) was probed from well below the calorimetric glass transition (Tg) up to the liquid state. Multiple reorientational dipolar processes were detected which become strongly affected by conductivity and electrode polarization near above Tg. Therefore [C2OHMIM][Ibu] exhibits mixed behavior of a conventional molecular glass former and an ionic conductor being analysed in this work through conductivity, electrical modulus and complex permittivity. The dominant process, σα-process, originates by a coupling between both charge transport and dipolar mechanisms. The structural relaxation times were derived from permittivity analysis and confirmed by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature dependence of the β-secondary relaxation is coherent with a Johari-Goldstein (βJG) process as detected in conventional glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Viciosa
- CQFM - Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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11
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Bauer S, Storek M, Gainaru C, Zimmermann H, Böhmer R. Molecular Motions in Supercooled and Glassy Ibuprofen: Deuteron Magnetic Resonance and High-Resolution Rheology Study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5087-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bauer
- Fakultät
Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Storek
- Fakultät
Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät
Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - H. Zimmermann
- Max Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät
Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Bērziņš A, Hodgkinson P. Solid-state NMR and computational investigation of solvent molecule arrangement and dynamics in isostructural solvates of droperidol. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 65:12-20. [PMID: 25282618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
(13)C, (15)N and (2)H solid-state NMR spectroscopy have been used to rationalize arrangement and dynamics of solvent molecules in a set of isostructural solvates of droperidol. The solvent molecules are determined to be dynamically disordered in the methanol and ethanol solvates, while they are ordered in the acetonitrile and nitromethane solvates. (2)H NMR spectra of deuterium-labelled samples allowed the characterization of the solvent molecule dynamics in the alcohol solvates and the non-stoichiometric hydrate. The likely motion of the alcohol molecules is rapid libration within a site, plus occasional exchange into an equivalent site related by the inversion symmetry, while the water molecules are more strongly disordered. DFT calculations strongly suggest that the differences in dynamics between the solvates are related to differences in the energetic penalty for reversing the orientation of a solvent molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agris Bērziņš
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Kr. Valdemara iela 48, Riga LV-1013, Latvia; Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Paul Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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13
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Paudel A, Geppi M, Mooter GVD. Structural and Dynamic Properties of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: The Role of Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Relaxometry. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2635-2662. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Solid-state NMR in the analysis of drugs and naturally occurring materials. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 93:27-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Concistrè M, Carignani E, Borsacchi S, Johannessen OG, Mennucci B, Yang Y, Geppi M, Levitt MH. Freezing of Molecular Motions Probed by Cryogenic Magic Angle Spinning NMR. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:512-516. [PMID: 26276602 DOI: 10.1021/jz4026276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic magic angle spinning makes it possible to obtain the NMR spectra of solids at temperatures low enough to freeze out most molecular motions. We have applied cryogenic magic angle spinning NMR to a crystalline small-molecule solid (ibuprofen sodium salt), which displays a variety of molecular dynamics. Magic angle (13)C NMR spectra are shown for a wide range of temperatures, including in the cryogenic regime down to 20 K. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the molecular structure display different behavior in the cryogenic regime, with the hydrophilic region remaining well-structured, while the hydrophobic region exhibits a broad frozen conformational distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concistrè
- †School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Carignani
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Borsacchi
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ole G Johannessen
- †School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yifeng Yang
- §School of Engineering Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Geppi
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- †School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
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16
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ConcistrÈ M, Johannessen OG, Carignani E, Geppi M, Levitt MH. Magic-angle spinning NMR of cold samples. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:1914-22. [PMID: 23488538 DOI: 10.1021/ar300323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR provides site-resolved structural and chemical information about molecules that complements many other physical techniques. Recent technical advances have made it possible to perform magic-angle-spinning NMR experiments at low temperatures, allowing researchers to trap reaction intermediates and to perform site-resolved studies of low-temperature physical phenomena such as quantum rotations, quantum tunneling, ortho-para conversion between spin isomers, and superconductivity. In examining biological molecules, the improved sensitivity provided by cryogenic NMR facilitates the study of protein assembly or membrane proteins. The combination of low-temperatures with dynamic nuclear polarization has the potential to boost sensitivity even further. Many research groups, including ours, have addressed the technical challenges and developed hardware for magic-angle-spinning of samples cooled down to a few tens of degrees Kelvin. In this Account, we briefly describe these hardware developments and review several recent activities of our group which involve low-temperature magic-angle-spinning NMR. Low-temperature operation allows us to trap intermediates that cannot be studied under ambient conditions by NMR because of their short lifetime. We have used low-temperature NMR to study the electronic structure of bathorhodopsin, the primary photoproduct of the light-sensitive membrane protein, rhodopsin. This project used a custom-built NMR probe that allows low-temperature NMR in the presence of illumination (the image shows the illuminated spinner module). We have also used this technique to study the behavior of molecules within a restricted environment. Small-molecule endofullerenes are interesting molecular systems in which molecular rotors are confined to a well-insulated, well-defined, and highly symmetric environment. We discuss how cryogenic solid state NMR can give information on the dynamics of ortho-water confined in a fullerene cage. Molecular motions are often connected with fundamental chemical properties; therefore, an understanding of molecular dynamics can be important in fields ranging from material science to biochemistry. We present the case of ibuprofen sodium salt which exhibits different degrees of conformational freedom in different parts of the same molecule, leading to a range of line broadening and line narrowing phenomena as a function of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria ConcistrÈ
- School of Chemistry, Southampton University, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ole G. Johannessen
- School of Chemistry, Southampton University, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Carignani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Geppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Malcolm H. Levitt
- School of Chemistry, Southampton University, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Nowacka A, Bongartz NA, Ollila OHS, Nylander T, Topgaard D. Signal intensities in ¹H-¹³C CP and INEPT MAS NMR of liquid crystals. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 230:165-175. [PMID: 23542743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing with CP and INEPT in (13)C MAS NMR enables identification of rigid and mobile molecular segments in concentrated assemblies of surfactants, lipids, and/or proteins. In order to get stricter definitions of the terms "rigid" and "mobile", as well as resolving some ambiguities in the interpretation of CP and INEPT data, we have developed a theoretical model for calculating the CP and INEPT intensities as a function of rotational correlation time τc and C-H bond order parameter SCH, taking the effects of MAS into account. According to the model, the range of τc can at typical experimental settings (5kHz MAS, 1ms ramped CP at 80-100kHz B1 fields) be divided into four regimes: fast (τc<1ns), fast-intermediate (τc≈0.1μs), intermediate (τc≈1μs), and slow (τc>0.1ms). In the fast regime, the CP and INEPT intensities are independent of τc, but strongly dependent on |SCH|, with a cross-over from dominating INEPT to dominating CP at |SCH|>0.1. In the intermediate regime, neither CP nor INEPT yield signal on account of fast T1ρ and T2 relaxation. In both the fast-intermediate and slow regimes, there is exclusively CP signal. The theoretical predictions are tested by experiments on the glass-forming surfactant n-octyl-β-d-maltoside, for which τc can be varied continuously in the nano- to millisecond range by changing the temperature and the hydration level. The atomistic details of the surfactant dynamics are investigated with MD simulations. Based on the theoretical model, we propose a procedure for calculating CP and INEPT intensities directly from MD simulation trajectories. While MD shows that there is a continuous gradient of τc from the surfactant polar headgroup towards the methyl group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain, analysis of the experimental CP and INEPT data indicates that this gradient gets steeper with decreasing temperature and hydration level, eventually spanning four orders of magnitude at completely dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nowacka
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Apperley DC, Markwell AF, Frantsuzov I, Ilott AJ, Harris RK, Hodgkinson P. NMR characterisation of dynamics in solvates and desolvates of formoterol fumarate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6422-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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