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Schulte T, Magdaong NCM, Di Valentin M, Agostini A, Tait CE, Niedzwiedzki DM, Carbonera D, Hofmann E. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) complex from Heterocapsa pygmaea (HPPCP). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1866:149510. [PMID: 39321862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Light harvesting proteins are optimized to efficiently collect and transfer light energy for photosynthesis. In eukaryotic dinoflagellates these complexes utilize chlorophylls and a special carotenoid, peridinin, and arrange them for efficient excitation energy transfer. At the same time, the carotenoids protect the system by quenching harmful chlorophyll triplet states. Here we use advanced spectroscopic techniques and X-ray structure analysis to investigate excitation energy transfer processes in the major soluble antenna, the peridinin chlorophyll a protein (PCP) from the free living dinoflagellate Heterocapsa pygmaea. We determined the 3D-structure of this complex at high resolution (1.2 Å). For better comparison, we improved the reference structure of this protein from Amphidinium carterae to a resolution of 1.15 Å. We then used fs and ns time-resolved absorption spectroscopy to study the mechanisms of light harvesting, but also of the photoprotective quenching of the chlorophyll triplet state. The photoprotection site was further characterized by Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy to yield information on water molecules involved in triplet-triplet energy transfer. Similar to other PCP complexes, excitation energy transfer from peridinin to chlorophyll is found to be very efficient, with transfer times in the range of 1.6-2.1 ps. One of the four carotenoids, the peridinin 614, is well positioned to quench the chlorophyll triplet state with high efficiency and transfer times in the range of tens of picoseconds. Our structural and dynamic data further support, that the intrinsic water molecule coordinating the chlorophyll Mg ion plays an essential role in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schulte
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia E Tait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Tait CE, Krzyaniak MD, Stoll S. Computational tools for the simulation and analysis of spin-polarized EPR spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 349:107410. [PMID: 36870248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The EPR spectra of paramagnetic species induced by photoexcitation typically exhibit enhanced absorptive and emissive features resulting from sublevel populations that differ from thermal equilibrium. The populations and the resulting spin polarization of the spectra are dictated by the selectivity of the photophysical process generating the observed state. Simulation of the spin-polarized EPR spectra is crucial in the characterization of both the dynamics of formation of the photoexcited state as well as its electronic and structural properties. EasySpin, the simulation toolbox for EPR spectroscopy, now includes extended support for the simulation of the EPR spectra of spin-polarized states of arbitrary spin multiplicity and formed by a variety of different mechanisms, including photoexcited triplet states populated by intersystem crossing, charge recombination or spin polarization transfer, spin-correlated radical pairs created by photoinduced electron transfer, triplet pairs formed by singlet fission and multiplet states arising from photoexcitation in systems containing chromophores and stable radicals. In this paper, we highlight EasySpin's capabilities for the simulation of spin-polarized EPR spectra on the basis of illustrative examples from the literature in a variety of fields ranging across chemistry, biology, material science and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Tait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, IL, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, United States
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Agostini A, Büchel C, Di Valentin M, Carbonera D. A distinctive pathway for triplet-triplet energy transfer photoprotection in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins from Cyclotella meneghiniana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148310. [PMID: 32991847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin chlorophyll-binding proteins (FCPs) are the major light-harvesting complexes of diatoms. In this work, FCPs isolated from Cyclotella meneghiniana have been studied by means of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR), with the aim to characterize the photoprotective mechanism based on triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET). The spectroscopic properties of the chromophores carrying the triplet state have been interpreted on the basis of a delved analysis of the recently solved crystallographic structures of FCP. The results point toward a photoprotective role for two fucoxanthin molecules exposed to the exterior of the FCP monomers. This shows that FCP has adopted a structural strategy different from that of related light-harvesting complexes from plants and other microalgae, in which the photoprotective role is carried out by two highly conserved carotenoids in the interior of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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4
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Ema F, Tanabe M, Saito S, Yoneda T, Sugisaki K, Tachikawa T, Akimoto S, Yamauchi S, Sato K, Osuka A, Takui T, Kobori Y. Charge-Transfer Character Drives Möbius Antiaromaticity in the Excited Triplet State of Twisted [28]Hexaphyrin. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2685-2690. [PMID: 29739190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Möbius aromatic molecules have attracted great attention as new functional materials because of their π-orbital cyclic conjugations lying along the twisted Möbius topology. To elucidate the electronic character of the lowest excited triplet (T1) state of a Möbius aromatic [28]hexaphyrin, we employed a time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) method with applied magnetophotoselection measurements at 77 K. Analyses of the EPR parameters have revealed that the T1 state possesses intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) character together with local excitation character residing at one side in the Möbius strip ring. We have also demonstrated that the CT character between orthogonal unpaired orbitals triggers quick triplet deactivation by spin-orbit coupling. This deactivation can be an important barometer to represent the "antiaromaticity" because of a connection between the orthogonal CT character and instability by a weakened spin-spin exchange coupling in the T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Ema
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Mana Tanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Katahira 2-1-1 , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Seigo Yamauchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Katahira 2-1-1 , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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Richert S, Tait CE, Timmel CR. Delocalisation of photoexcited triplet states probed by transient EPR and hyperfine spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 280:103-116. [PMID: 28579096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcited triplet states play a crucial role in photochemical mechanisms: long known to be of paramount importance in the study of photosynthetic reaction centres, they have more recently also been shown to play a major role in a number of applications in the field of molecular electronics. Their characterisation is crucial for an improved understanding of these processes with a particular focus on the determination of the spatial distribution of the triplet state wavefunction providing information on charge and energy transfer efficiencies. Currently, active research in this field is mostly focussed on the investigation of materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). As the properties of triplet states and their spatial extent are known to have a major impact on device performance, a detailed understanding of the factors governing triplet state delocalisation is at the basis of the further development and improvement of these devices. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) has proven a valuable tool in the study of triplet state properties and both experimental methods as well as data analysis and interpretation techniques have continuously improved over the last few decades. In this review, we discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of the investigation of triplet states and triplet state delocalisation by transient continuous wave and pulse EPR and highlight the advantages and limitations of the presently available techniques and the current trends in the field. Application of EPR in the study of triplet state delocalisation is illustrated on the example of linear multi-porphyrin chains designed as molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Richert
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudia E Tait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.
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Carbonera D, Di Valentin M, Spezia R, Mezzetti A. The unique photophysical properties of the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-α-Protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:332-50. [PMID: 24678668 PMCID: PMC4030626 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin-Chlorophyll-a-Proteins (PCPs) are water-soluble light harvesting complexes from dinoflagellates.
They have unique light-harvesting and energy transfer properties which have been studied in details in the last 15 years.
This review aims to give an overview on all the main aspects of PCPs photophysics, with an emphasis on some aspects
which have not been reviewed in details so far, such as vibrational spectroscopy studies, theoretical calculations, and
magnetic resonance studies. A paragraph on the present development of PCPs towards technological applications is also
included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Photoprotective sites in the violaxanthin–chlorophyll a binding Protein (VCP) from Nannochloropsis gaditana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1235-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Di Valentin M, Tait CE, Salvadori E, Orian L, Polimeno A, Carbonera D. Evidence for water-mediated triplet–triplet energy transfer in the photoprotective site of the peridinin–chlorophyll a–protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:85-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Triplet–triplet energy transfer in fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein from diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana: Insights into the structure of the complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:1226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Di Valentin M, Salvadori E, Barone V, Carbonera D. Unravelling electronic and structural requisites of triplet–triplet energy transfer by advanced electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.807368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Jiang J, Lo CS, Blankenship RE. Low-Temperature Spectroscopic Properties of the Peridinin–Chlorophyll a–Protein (PCP) Complex from the Coral Symbiotic Dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11091-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401022u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
63130, United States
| | - Jing Jiang
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Lo
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Robert E. Blankenship
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
63130, United States
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Kammler L, van Gastel M. Electronic structure of the lowest triplet state of flavin mononucleotide. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10090-8. [PMID: 22998491 DOI: 10.1021/jp305778v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of flavin mononucleotide (FMN), an organic cofactor that plays a role in many important enzymatic reactions, has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry. In particular, the triplet state of FMN, which is paramagnetic (total spin S = 1), allows an investigation of the zero field splitting parameters D and E, which are directly related to the two singly occupied molecular orbitals. Triplet EPR spectra and optical absorption spectra at different pH values in combination with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) reveal that the highest occupied orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) of FMN are largely unaffected by changes in the protonation state of FMN. Rather, the orbital structure of the lower lying doubly occupied orbitals changes dramatically. Additional EPR experiments have been carried out in the presence of AgNO(3), which allows the formation of an Ag-FMN triplet state with different zero field splitting parameters and population and depopulation rates. Addition of AgNO(3) only induces small changes in the optical spectrum, indicating that the Ag(+) ion only contributes to the zero field splitting by second order spin-orbit coupling and leaves the orbital structure unaffected. By a combination of the three employed methods, the observed bands in the UV/vis spectra of FMN at different pH values are assigned to electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kammler
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Chlorophyll triplet quenching by fucoxanthin in the fucoxanthin–chlorophyll protein from the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:637-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Salvadori E, Di Valentin M, Kay CWM, Pedone A, Barone V, Carbonera D. The electronic structure of the lutein triplet state in plant light-harvesting complex II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12238-51. [PMID: 22864767 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid molecules are essential for the life of photosynthetic organisms in that they protect the cell from the photo-oxidative damage induced by light-stress conditions. One of the photo-protective mechanisms involves triplet-triplet energy transfer from the chlorophyll molecules to the carotenoids: a process that is strongly dependent on the electronic properties of the triplet states involved. Here, we obtain a clear description of the triplet state of lutein in LHCII from higher plants for the first time by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT predictions have been validated by comparison with hyperfine couplings obtained with pulsed-ENDOR spectroscopy. Knowledge of the spin density distribution, the frontier orbitals and orbital excitations forms a basis for discussing the requirements for an efficient triplet-triplet energy transfer. The results obtained for the lutein in LHCII are compared with those of the highly-substituted carotenoid peridinin in PCP from Amphidinium carterae [Di Valentin et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2008, 1777, 295-307]. The presence of substituents in the peridinin molecule does not alter significantly the triplet state electronic structure compared to lutein. Despite the unusual spectroscopic behaviour of the peridinin excited singlet state, lutein and peridinin have similar triplet state properties. In both molecules the unpaired spins are delocalized uniformly over the whole π-conjugated system in an alternating even-odd pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Salvadori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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