1
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Biswas S, Paul D, He C, Dias N, Ahmed M, Pantoya ML, Kaiser RI. Counterintuitive Catalytic Reactivity of the Aluminum Oxide "Passivation" Shell of Aluminum Nanoparticles Facilitating the Thermal Decomposition of exo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10). J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9341-9350. [PMID: 37820371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
High energy density aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) have been at the center of attention as additives to hydrocarbon jet fuels like exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10, C10H16) aiming at the superior performance of volume-limited air-breathing propulsion systems. However, a fundamental understanding of the ignition and combustion chemistry of JP-10 in the presence of AlNPs has been elusive. Exploiting an isomer-selective comprehensive identification of the decomposition products in a newly designed high-temperature chemical microreactor coupled to vacuum ultraviolet photoionization, we reveal an active low-temperature heterogeneous surface chemistry commencing at 650 K involving the alumina (Al2O3) shell. Contrary to textbook knowledge of an "inactive alumina surface", this unconventional reactivity, where oxygen is transferred from alumina to JP-10, leads to generating cyclic, oxygenated organics like phenol (C6H5OH) and 2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-one (C5H4O)─key tracers of an alumina-mediated interfacial chemistry. This counterintuitive reactivity transforms our knowledge of the (catalytic) processes of alumina-coated AlNPs on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvick Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Dababrata Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Nureshan Dias
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michelle L Pantoya
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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2
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Preitschopf T, Sturm F, Stroganova I, Lemmens AK, Rijs AM, Fischer I. IR/UV Double Resonance Study of the 2-Phenylallyl Radical and its Pyrolysis Products. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202943. [PMID: 36479856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isolated 2-phenylallyl radicals (2-PA), generated by pyrolysis from a nitrite precursor, have been investigated by IR/UV ion dip spectroscopy using free electron laser radiation. 2-PA is a resonance-stabilized radical that is considered to be involved in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in combustion, but also in interstellar space. The radical is identified based on its gas-phase IR spectrum. Furthermore, a number of bimolecular reaction products are identified, showing that the self-reaction as well as reactions with unimolecular decomposition products of 2-PA form several PAH efficiently. Possible mechanisms are discussed and the chemistry of 2-PA is compared with the one of the related 2-methylallyl and phenylpropargyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Preitschopf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Floriane Sturm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iuliia Stroganova
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander K Lemmens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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New green perspective to dihydropyridines synthesis utilizing modified heteropoly acid catalysts. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Volokhov VM, Zyubina TS, Volokhov AV, Amosova ES, Varlamov DA, Lempert DB, Yanovskii LS. Quantum Chemical Simulation of Hydrocarbon Compounds with High Enthalpy. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Volokhov VM, Zyubina TS, Volokhov AV, Amosova ES, Varlamov DA, Lempert DB, Yanovskii LS. Predictive Modeling of Molecules of High-Energy Heterocyclic Compounds. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Zhao L, Doddipatla S, Kaiser RI, Lu W, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Tuli LB, Morozov AN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM, Azyazov VN, Mohamed RK, Fischer FR. Gas-phase synthesis of corannulene – a molecular building block of fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5740-5749. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene can be formed through molecular mass growth processes in circumstellar envelopes.
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7
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Zhao L, Kaiser RI, Lu W, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Evseev MM, Bashkirov EK, Oleinikov AD, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF. Gas phase formation of cyclopentanaphthalene (benzindene) isomers via reactions of 5- and 6-indenyl radicals with vinylacetylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22493-22500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03846f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of indenyl radicals with vinylacetylene leads to cyclopentanaphthalene at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | | | - Artem D. Oleinikov
- Samara National Research University
- Samara 443086
- Russian Federation
- Lebedev Physical Institute
- Samara 443011
| | - Valeriy N. Azyazov
- Samara National Research University
- Samara 443086
- Russian Federation
- Lebedev Physical Institute
- Samara 443011
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Samara National Research University
- Samara 443086
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
| | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Stanislaw F. Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
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8
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Zhao L, Prendergast MB, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Lu W, Ablikim U, Ahmed M, Oleinikov AD, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF. Reactivity of the Indenyl Radical (C 9 H 7 ) with Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) and Vinylacetylene (C 4 H 4 ). Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1437-1447. [PMID: 30938059 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the indenyl radicals with acetylene (C2 H2 ) and vinylacetylene (C4 H4 ) is studied in a hot chemical reactor coupled to synchrotron based vacuum ultraviolet ionization mass spectrometry. These experimental results are combined with theory to reveal that the resonantly stabilized and thermodynamically most stable 1-indenyl radical (C9 H7 . ) is always formed in the pyrolysis of 1-, 2-, 6-, and 7-bromoindenes at 1500 K. The 1-indenyl radical reacts with acetylene yielding 1-ethynylindene plus atomic hydrogen, rather than adding a second acetylene molecule and leading to ring closure and formation of fluorene as observed in other reaction mechanisms such as the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition or hydrogen abstraction vinylacetylene addition pathways. While this reaction mechanism is analogous to the bimolecular reaction between the phenyl radical (C6 H5 . ) and acetylene forming phenylacetylene (C6 H5 CCH), the 1-indenyl+acetylene→1-ethynylindene+hydrogen reaction is highly endoergic (114 kJ mol-1 ) and slow, contrary to the exoergic (-38 kJ mol-1 ) and faster phenyl+acetylene→phenylacetylene+hydrogen reaction. In a similar manner, no ring closure leading to fluorene formation was observed in the reaction of 1-indenyl radical with vinylacetylene. These experimental results are explained through rate constant calculations based on theoretically derived potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Matthew B Prendergast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander M Mebel
- Samara National Research University, Samara, 443086, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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9
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Zhao L, Prendergast M, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Ablikim U, Lu W, Ahmed M, Oleinikov AD, Azyazov VN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM. How to add a five-membered ring to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) – molecular mass growth of the 2-naphthyl radical (C10H7) to benzindenes (C13H10) as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16737-16750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl radicals with allene/methylacetylene leads to five-membered ring addition in PAH growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | | | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | | | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Stanislaw F. Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Samara National Research University
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10
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Hirsch F, Reusch E, Constantinidis P, Fischer I, Bakels S, Rijs AM, Hemberger P. Self-Reaction of ortho-Benzyne at High Temperatures Investigated by Infrared and Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9563-9571. [PMID: 30444617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ortho-Benzyne, a Kekulé-type biradical is considered to be a key intermediate in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot. In the present work we study the ortho-benzyne self-reactions in a hot microreactor and identify the high-temperature products by IR/UV spectroscopy and by photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (ms-TPES) in a free jet. Ms-TPES confirms formation of ortho-benzyne as generated from benzocyclobutenedione, as well as benzene, biphenylene, diacetylene, and acetylene, originating from the reaction o-C6H4 → HCC-CCH + C2H2, and CH3. PAH molecules like naphthalene, 2-ethynylnaphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and triphenylene are identified based on their IR/UV spectra. By comparison with recent computations their formation starting from o-benzyne can be readily understood and supports the importance of the biradical addition (1,4-cycloaddition followed by fragmentation) pathway to PAH molecules, recently proposed by Comandini et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hirsch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Engelbert Reusch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Philipp Constantinidis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sjors Bakels
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c , 6525 ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c , 6525 ED Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation , Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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11
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Middaugh JE, Buras ZJ, Matrat M, Chu TC, Kim YS, Alecu IM, Vasiliou AK, Goldsmith CF, Green WH. A combined photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectrometry flash photolysis apparatus for simultaneous determination of reaction rates and product branching. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:074102. [PMID: 30068092 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, predictions of product branching for reactions of consequence to both combustion and atmospheric chemistry have outpaced validating experiments. An apparatus is described that aims to fill this void by combining several well-known experimental techniques into one: flash photolysis for radical generation, multiple-pass laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) for overall kinetics measurements, and time-resolved photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI TOF-MS) for product branching quantification. The sensitivity of both the LAS and PI TOF-MS detection techniques is shown to be suitable for experiments with initial photolytically generated radical concentrations of ∼1 × 1012 molecules cm-3. As it is fast (μs time resolution) and non-intrusive, LAS is preferred for accurate kinetics (time-dependence) measurements. By contrast, PI TOF-MS is preferred for product quantification because it provides a near-complete picture of the reactor composition in a single mass spectrum. The value of simultaneous LAS and PI TOF-MS detection is demonstrated for the chemically interesting phenyl radical + propene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Middaugh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zachary J Buras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mickael Matrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Te-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ionut M Alecu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - AnGayle K Vasiliou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Franklin Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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12
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Zhao L, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Ablikim U, Ahmed M, Zagidullin MV, Azyazov VN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM. VUV Photoionization Study of the Formation of the Simplest Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Naphthalene (C 10H 8). J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2620-2626. [PMID: 29717871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), naphthalene (C10H8), was explored in a high-temperature chemical reactor under combustion-like conditions in the phenyl (C6H5)-vinylacetylene (C4H4) system. The products were probed utilizing tunable vacuum ultraviolet light by scanning the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curve at a mass-to-charge m/ z = 128 (C10H8+) of molecules entrained in a molecular beam. The data fitting with PIE reference curves of naphthalene, 4-phenylvinylacetylene (C6H5CCC2H3), and trans-1-phenylvinylacetylene (C6H5CHCHCCH) indicates that the isomers were generated with branching ratios of 43.5±9.0 : 6.5±1.0 : 50.0±10.0%. Kinetics simulations agree nicely with the experimental findings with naphthalene synthesized via the hydrogen abstraction-vinylacetylene addition (HAVA) pathway and through hydrogen-assisted isomerization of phenylvinylacetylenes. The HAVA route to naphthalene at elevated temperatures represents an alternative pathway to the hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition (HACA) forming naphthalene in flames and circumstellar envelopes, whereas in cold molecular clouds, HAVA synthesizes naphthalene via a barrierless bimolecular route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Marsel V Zagidullin
- Samara National Research University , Samara 443086 , Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute , Samara 443011 , Russia
| | - Valeriy N Azyazov
- Samara National Research University , Samara 443086 , Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute , Samara 443011 , Russia
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
- Samara National Research University , Samara 443086 , Russia
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13
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Morozov AN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. A Theoretical Study of Pyrolysis of exo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and Its Primary and Secondary Unimolecular Decomposition Products. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4920-4934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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14
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Belisario-Lara D, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates III: Butylbenzene Isomers ( n-, s-, and t-C 14H 10). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3980-4001. [PMID: 29608299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio G3(CCSD,MP2)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations of potential energy surfaces have been carried out to unravel the mechanism of the initial stages of pyrolysis of three C10H14 isomers: n-, s-, and t-butylbenzenes. The computed energy and molecular parameters have been utilized in RRKM-master equation calculations to predict temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants and product branching ratios for the primary unimolecular decomposition of these molecules and for the secondary decomposition of their radical fragments. The results showed that the primary dissociation of n-butylbenzene produces mostly benzyl (C7H7) + propyl (C3H7) and 1-phenyl-2-ethyl (C6H5C2H4) + ethyl (C2H5), with their relative yields strongly dependent on temperature and pressure, together with a minor amount of 1-phenyl-prop-3-yl (C9H11) + methyl (CH3). Secondary decomposition reactions that are anticipated to occur on a nanosecond scale under typical combustion conditions split propyl (C3H7) into ethylene (C2H4) + methyl (CH3), ethyl (C2H5) into ethylene (C2H4) + hydrogen (H), 1-phenyl-2-ethyl (C6H5C2H4) into mostly styrene (C8H8) + hydrogen (H) and to a lesser extent phenyl (C6H5) + ethylene (C2H4), and 1-phenyl-prop-3-yl (C9H11) into predominantly benzyl (C7H7) + ethylene (C2H4). The primary decomposition of s-butylbenzene is predicted to produce 1-phenyl-1-ethyl (C6H5CHCH3) + ethyl (C2H5) and a minor amount of 1-phenyl-prop-1-yl (C9H11) + methyl (CH3), and then 1-phenyl-1-ethyl (C6H5CHCH3) and 1-phenyl-prop-1-yl (C9H11) rapidly dissociate to styrene (C8H8) + hydrogen (H) and styrene (C8H8) + methyl (CH3), respectively. t-Butylbenzene decomposes nearly exclusively to 2-phenyl-prop-2-yl (C9H11) + methyl (CH3), and further, 2-phenyl-prop-2-yl (C9H11) rapidly eliminates a hydrogen atom to form 2-phenylpropene (C9H10). If hydrogen atoms or other reactive radicals are available to make a direct hydrogen-atom abstraction from butylbenzenes possible, the C10H13 radicals (1-phenyl-but-1-yl, 2-phenyl-but-2-yl, and t-phenyl-isobutyl) can be formed as the primary products from n-, s-, and t-butylbenzene, respectively. The secondary decomposition of 1-phenyl-but-1-yl leads to styrene (C8H8) + ethyl (C2H5), whereas 2-phenyl-but-2-yl and t-phenyl-isobutyl dissociate to 2-phenylpropene (C9H10) + methyl (CH3). Thus, the three butylbenzene isomers produce distinct but overlapping nascent pyrolysis fragments, which likely affect the successive oxidation mechanism and combustion kinetics of these JP-8 fuel components. Temperature- and pressure-dependent rate constants generated for the initial stages of pyrolysis of butylbenzenes are recommended for kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belisario-Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
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15
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Buras ZJ, Chu TC, Jamal A, Yee NW, Middaugh JE, Green WH. Phenyl radical + propene: a prototypical reaction surface for aromatic-catalyzed 1,2-hydrogen-migration and subsequent resonance-stabilized radical formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13191-13214. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
H-Shifts in the alkyl chain catalyzed by an aromatic ring (green pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Buras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Te-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Adeel Jamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Nathan W. Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Joshua E. Middaugh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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16
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Belisario-Lara D, Ribeiro JM, Mebel AM. Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. I. n-Decane (n-C10H22). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1261-1280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Belisario-Lara
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Joao Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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17
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Ribeiro JM, Belisario-Lara D, Mebel AM. Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. II: n-Dodecane (n-C12H26). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1281-1297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joao Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniel Belisario-Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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18
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Xu B, Ahmed M, Alarcon J, Belisario-Lara D, Mebel AM, Zhang Y, Cao C, Zou J. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study on high-temperature decomposition of JP-10 (exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15780-15807. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature pyrolysis of JP-10 in flow reactors were performed both experimentally and theoretically. Dozens of products were detected and the decomposition pathways of JP-10 were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Juan Alarcon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | | | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chuangchuang Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jiabiao Zou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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19
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Kostko O, Bandyopadhyay B, Ahmed M. Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization of Complex Chemical Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:19-40. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Biswajit Bandyopadhyay
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
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20
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Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Bandyopadhyay B, Kostko O, Troy TP, Ahmed M. Unexpected chemistry from the reaction of naphthyl and acetylene at combustion-like temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5421-4. [PMID: 25752687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen abstraction/acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism has long been viewed as a key route to aromatic ring growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in combustion systems. However, doubt has been drawn on the ubiquity of the mechanism by recent electronic structure calculations which predict that the HACA mechanism starting from the naphthyl radical preferentially forms acenaphthylene, thereby blocking cyclization to a third six-membered ring. Here, by probing the products formed in the reaction of 1- and 2-naphthyl radicals in excess acetylene under combustion-like conditions with the help of photoionization mass spectrometry, we provide experimental evidence that this reaction produces 1- and 2-ethynylnaphthalenes (C12 H8 ), acenaphthylene (C12 H8 ) and diethynylnaphthalenes (C14 H8 ). Importantly, neither phenanthrene nor anthracene (C14 H10 ) was found, which indicates that the HACA mechanism does not lead to cyclization of the third aromatic ring as expected but rather undergoes ethynyl substitution reactions instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S N Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, (USA) http://www.chem.hawaii.edu/Bil301/welcome.html
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21
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Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Bandyopadhyay B, Kostko O, Troy TP, Ahmed M. Unexpected Chemistry from the Reaction of Naphthyl and Acetylene at Combustion-Like Temperatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Lynch PT, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Tranter RS. Probing Combustion Chemistry in a Miniature Shock Tube with Synchrotron VUV Photo Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2345-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5041633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Lynch
- Chemical
Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert S. Tranter
- Chemical
Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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23
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Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Kostko O, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Sun BJ, Chen SH, Chang AHH. On the formation of pyridine in the interstellar medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32000-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen bearing aromatic molecule pyridine (C5H5N) is revealed to form in high temperature environments simulating conditions in carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes via the reaction of the cyano vinyl radical with vinyl cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Bing-Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- National Dong Hwa University
- Shoufeng
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Dong Hwa University
- Shoufeng
- Taiwan
| | - A. H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Dong Hwa University
- Shoufeng
- Taiwan
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24
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Parker DSN, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM. Toward the Oxidation of the Phenyl Radical and Prevention of PAH Formation in Combustion Systems. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:7145-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509170x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S. N. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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25
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Albert DR, Todt MA, Davis HF. Crossed Molecular Beams Studies of Phenyl Radical Reactions with Propene and trans-2-Butene. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13967-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407986n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Albert
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Michael A. Todt
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - H. Floyd Davis
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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