1
|
Al-Zohbi F, Ghamouss F, Jacquemin J, Schmaltz B, Tabcheh MF, Abarbri M, Cherry K, Tran-Van F. Non-Substituted Imidazolium-Based Electrolytes as Potential Alternatives to the Conventional Acidic Electrolytes of Polyaniline-Based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2569. [PMID: 38893443 PMCID: PMC11173517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although disubstituted imidazolium cation is sterically crowded, hundreds of ionic liquids based on this cation have been reported as electrolytes for energy storage devices. In contrast to disubstituted imidazolium, non-substituted imidazolium is uncrowded sterically and has not yet been investigated as an electrolyte, to the best of our knowledge. Hence, imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Imi][HSO4], in mixture with water, was studied as an electrolyte for PANI-based electrode materials. For comparison, pyrrolidinium with hydrogen sulfate or p-toluene sulfonate ([Pyrr][HSO4] or [Pyrr][PTS]), in mixture with water, were also investigated as alternatives to the conventional electrolyte (i.e., aqueous H2SO4) for PANI electrodes. Walden plots of binary mixture ionic liquid-water weight ratios with the optimal ionic conductivity (i.e., [Imi][HSO4]/water 48/52 wt% (195.1 mS/cm), [Pyrr][HSO4]/water 41/59 wt% (186.6 mS/cm), and [Pyrr][PTS]/water 48/52 wt% (43.4 mS/cm) along with the electrochemical performances of PANI in these binary mixtures showed that [Pyrr][HSO4]aq or [Imi][HSO4]aq are convenient electrolytes for PANI/PIL, as opposed to [Pyrr][PTS]aq. Furthermore, replacing the conventional aqueous electrolyte H2SO4 with [Imi][HSO4] aq increased the specific capacitance of PANI/PIL from 249.8 to 268.5 F/g at 15 mV/s. Moreover, PANI/PIL electrodes displayed a quasi-ideal capacitive behavior in [Imi][HSO4]aq (the correction factor of CPE4 was 0.99). This primary study has shown that non-substituted imidazolium as an electrolyte could enhance the electrochemical performances of PANI electrodes and could be a good alternative to the conventional electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al-Zohbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Fouad Ghamouss
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (F.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Johan Jacquemin
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (F.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamad Fadel Tabcheh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Khalil Cherry
- Laboratoire Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes Analytiques (MCEMA), Campus Universitaire de Hadath, Beirut 1500, Lebanon;
| | - François Tran-Van
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France; (B.S.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Angelis D, Sofos F, Karakasidis TE. Reassessing the transport properties of fluids: A symbolic regression approach. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:015105. [PMID: 38366535 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.015105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of the Lennard-Jones fluid are extracted through symbolic regression (SR) techniques from data derived from simulations at the atomic scale. This data-oriented approach provides closed form relations that achieve fine accuracy when compared to well-established theoretical, empirical, or approximate equations, fully transparent, with small complexity and high interpretability. The novelty is further outlined by suggesting analytical expressions for estimating fluid transport properties across the whole phase space, from a dilute gas to a dense liquid, by considering only two macroscopic properties (density and temperature). In such expressions, the underlying physical mechanisms are reflected, while, at the same time, it can be a computationally efficient alternative to costly in time and size first principle and/or molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Angelis
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Thessaly, Lamia 35100, Greece
| | - Filippos Sofos
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Thessaly, Lamia 35100, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Karakasidis
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Thessaly, Lamia 35100, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abbasi N, De Silva S, Biswas A, Anderson JL. Ultra-Low Viscosity and High Magnetic Susceptibility Magnetic Ionic Liquids Featuring Functionalized Diglycolic Acid Ester Rare-Earth and Transition Metal Chelates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27751-27760. [PMID: 37546640 PMCID: PMC10399152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) comprise a subcategory of ionic liquids (ILs) and contain a paramagnetic metal center allowing them to be readily manipulated by an external magnetic field. While MILs are popularly employed as solvents in catalysis, separations, and organic synthesis, most low viscosity combinations possess a hydrophilic character that limits their use in aqueous matrices. To date, no study has reported the synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic MILs with viscosities similar to those of hydrophilic MILs and organic solvents while simultaneously exhibiting enhanced magnetic and thermal properties. In this study, diglycolic acid esters are employed as ligands to chelate with paramagnetic metals to produce cations that are paired with metal chelates composed of hexafluoroacetylacetonate ligands to form MILs incorporating multiple metal centers in the cation and anion. Viscosity values below 31.6 cP were obtained for these solvents, the lowest ever reported for hydrophobic MILs. Solubilities in nonpolar solvents such as benzene were observed to be as high as 50% (w/v) MIL-to-solvent ratio while being insoluble in water at concentrations as low as 0.01% (w/v). Effective paramagnetic moment values for these solvents ranged from 5.33 to 15.56 Bohr magnetons (μB), with mixed metal MILs containing multiple lanthanides in the anion generally offering higher magnetic susceptibilities. MILs composed of ligands containing octyl substituents were found to possess thermal stabilities up to 190 °C. The synthetic strategies explored in this study exploit the highly tunable nature of the employed cation and anion pairs to design versatile ultra-low viscosity magnetoactive solvents that possess tremendous potential and applicability in liquid-liquid separation systems, catalysis, and microfluidics where the mechanical movement of the solvent can be easily facilitated using electromagnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashini De Silva
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anis Biswas
- Ames
National Laboratory—USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun S, Shi XL, Li M, Wu T, Yin L, Wang D, Liu Q, Chen ZG. Ultrafast and Cost-Effective Fabrication of High-Performance Carbon-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Hybrid Films and Their Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37196363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to their cost-effectiveness and industry-scale feasibility, carbon-based composites have been considered to be promising thermoelectric materials for low-grade power generation. However, current fabrications for carbon-based composites are time-consuming, and their thermoelectric properties are still low. Herein, we develop an ultrafast and cost-effective hot-pressing method to fabricate a novel carbon-based hybrid film, which consists of ionic liquid/phenolic resin/carbon fiber/expanded graphite. This method only costs no more than 15 min. We found that the expanded graphite as the major component enables high flexibility and the introduction of phenolic resin and carbon fiber enhances the shear resistance and toughness of the film, while the ion-induced carrier migration contributes to a high power factor of 38.7 μW m-1 K-2 at 500 K in the carbon-based hybrid film. After the comparison based on the ratios between the power factor with fabrication time and cost among the current conventional carbon-based thermoelectric composites, our hybrid films show the best cost-effective property. Besides, a flexible thermoelectric device, assembled by the as-designed hybrid films, shows a maximum output power density of 79.3 nW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 20 K. This work paves a new way to fabricate cost-effective and high-performance carbon-based thermoelectric hybrids with promising application potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Liangcao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Dezhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemistry Engineering, College of Chemistry Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joerg F, Schröder C. Polarizable molecular dynamics simulations on the conductivity of pure 1-methylimidazolium acetate systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15245-15254. [PMID: 35703101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium acetate is in equilibrium with its neutral species 1-methylimidazole and acetic acid. Although several experimental data indicate that the equilibrium favors the neutral species, the system exhibits a significant conductivity. We developed a polarizable force field to describe the ionic liquid accurately and applied it to several mixtures of the neutral and charged species. In addition to comparing single values, such as density, diffusion coefficients, and conductivity, with experimental data, the complete frequency-dependent dielectric spectrum ranging from several MHz to THz can be used to determine the equilibrium composition of the reaction mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Joerg
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Währingerstr. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. .,University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schröder
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Computational Biological Chemistry, Währingerstr. 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kesküla A, Peikolainen AL, Kilmartin PA, Kiefer R. Solvent Effect in Imidazole-Based Poly(Ionic liquid) Membranes: Energy Storage and Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34685225 PMCID: PMC8537087 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are interesting new materials in sustainable technologies for energy storage and for gas sensor devices, and they provide high ion conductivity as solid polymer electrolytes in batteries. We introduce here the effect of polar protic (aqueous) and polar aprotic (propylene carbonate, PC) electrolytes, with the same concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) on hydrophobic PIL films. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning ionic conductance microscopy and square wave voltammetry were performed, revealing that the PIL films had better electroactivity in the aqueous electrolyte and three times higher ion conductivity was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Their energy storage capability was investigated with chronopotentiometric measurements, and it revealed 1.6 times higher specific capacitance in the aqueous electrolyte as well as novel sensor properties regarding the applied solvents. The PIL films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, FTIR and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arko Kesküla
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Anna-Liisa Peikolainen
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Paul A. Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang G, Porcarelli L, Forsyth M, Zhu H. Tuning Proton Exchange and Transport in Protic Ionic Liquid Solution through Anion Chemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5552-5557. [PMID: 34101470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that the potential difference of proton reduction and hydrogen gas oxidation of protic ionic liquids is closely related to the proton exchange rate in the electrolyte. Through a careful design of anion chemistry, the proton exchange rate can be boosted by several orders of magnitude, reaching 200 kHz at 100 °C. It is found that the enhanced proton exchange rate can effectively decrease the potential loss at the electrode, most likely through alleviating the H+ concentration gradient incurred by electrochemical reactions at the electrode surfaces. This research therefore highlights the strategy of using anions of medium-strength acids, such as H2PO4-, for protic ionic liquids with enhanced proton exchange capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongyue Huang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Haijin Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Veroutis E, Merz S, Eichel RA, Granwehr J. Intra- and inter-molecular interactions in choline-based ionic liquids studied by 1D and 2D NMR. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
9
|
Computational investigation of a protic ionic liquid doped poly-benzimidazole fuel cell electrolyte. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Kowsari MH, Torabi SM. Molecular Dynamics Insights into the Nanoscale Structural Organization and Local Interaction of Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Nitrate. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6972-6985. [PMID: 32687363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering the growing number of applications of the aqueous ionic liquids (ILs), atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to probe the effect of water molar fraction, xw, ranging from 0.00 to 0.90, on the nanoscale local structure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, [bmim][NO3], IL. The results prove that, with water addition, the cation-anion, cation-cation, and anion-anion structural correlations are weakened, while strong anion-water and unconventional cation-water hydrogen bonds are formed in the solutions. Water molecules were detected as bridges between nitrate anions, and the water cluster size distribution at different xw's was investigated. Simulation shows a similar pattern of probability densities for water and anion around the acidic hydrogen atoms of the reference cation ring, while both species move away from the cation butyl chain. Increasing the water concentration to xw = 0.90 causes decreasing of the local arrangement of the nearest-neighboring cations, because of the weakening of cation-cation π-π stacking. In addition, this dilution reduces the probability of the in-plane cation-anion conformation, disrupts both the polar ionic network and nonpolar domains, and diminishes the nanoaggregation of the cation butyl chains compared to those of the neat IL. These results can rationalize the origins of the fluidity enhancements and transport property trends upon adding water to the imidazolium-based ILs. The current study proposes a deep atomistic-level insight into the complex coupling between water concentration, microscopic structure, and local interactions of aqueous imidazolium-based ILs with hydrophilic anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.,Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming (CRCC), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Torabi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arumugam V, Moodley KG, Ogundele OP, Redhi GG, Moodley A, Gao Y. Physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids and their binary mixtures with carboxylic acids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Mann SK, Brown SP, MacFarlane DR. Structure Effects on the Ionicity of Protic Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1444-1454. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Mann
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL U.K
| | - Steven P. Brown
- Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yalcin D, Christofferson AJ, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL. Solvation properties of protic ionic liquid–molecular solvent mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10995-11011. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the solvation properties of binary mixtures of PILs with molecular solvents. The selected binary solvent systems are the PILs ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN) combined with either water, methanol, acetonitrile or DMSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yalcin
- School of Science
- College of Science
- Engineering and Health
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | | | - Calum J. Drummond
- School of Science
- College of Science
- Engineering and Health
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Tamar L. Greaves
- School of Science
- College of Science
- Engineering and Health
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roldán-Ruiz M, Jiménez-Riobóo R, Gutiérrez M, Ferrer M, del Monte F. Brillouin and NMR spectroscopic studies of aqueous dilutions of malicine: Determining the dilution range for transition from a “water-in-DES” system to a “DES-in-water” one. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Yalcin D, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL. High throughput approach to investigating ternary solvents of aqueous non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6810-6827. [PMID: 30534703 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05894f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids (ILs) is limited for many applications due to their cost and/or viscosity. An efficient solution is to make mixtures of ILs with molecular solvents. However, it is well known that there are a large number of possible cation and anion combinations resulting in ILs, and this becomes a vast number when these are then combined with a molecular solvent. Therefore, we need structure-property relationships to design new IL-molecular solvent systems. In this work we have applied high throughput methods to investigate IL containing solutions to provide systematic data of a broad compositional space. We have principally focused on the surface tension, apparent pH and liquid nanostructure to identify potential self-assembly and protein stabilizing ability of solvent systems. Non-stoichiometric and aqueous IL-solvents were prepared in a high-throughput manner based on a deliberate experimental design approach such that 26 samples were prepared for each cation-anion-water combination. A selection of 8 protic ionic liquids (PILs) were used as starting materials, comprising ethanol-, ethyl-, butyl-, and pentylammonium cations combined with formate, acetate and nitrate anions. This resulted in a total of 208 different solvent systems. The measured solvent properties showed different trends in base-rich and acid-rich solvent combinations. Surface tensions of base-rich samples exhibited a relatively linear relationship with increasing excess amine, while acid-rich samples were more dominantly affected by the change in water content. Liquid nanostructure of acid-rich samples was retained upon water dilution, whereas a significant SAXS peak shift towards lower scattering angles was observed in the presence of excess amines, indicating larger nanosized aggregates were forming. The design of experiment approach used here is considered to be applicable to any multi-component solvent compositional space due to its suitability in using small data sets to cover large compositional spaces, and hence can be employed to decrease the time and sample quantities required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Yalcin
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thawarkar S, Khupse ND, Shinde DR, Kumar A. Understanding the behavior of mixtures of protic-aprotic and protic-protic ionic liquids: Conductivity, viscosity, diffusion coefficient and ionicity. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Posada E, Roldán-Ruiz M, Jiménez Riobóo R, Gutiérrez M, Ferrer M, del Monte F. Nanophase separation in aqueous dilutions of a ternary DES as revealed by Brillouin and NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
18
|
Zhu H, Vijayaraghavan R, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M. Self-assembled structure and dynamics of imidazolium-based protic salts in water solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2691-2696. [PMID: 30657496 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protic ionic liquids containing cations with long alkyl chains can form self-assembled micelles, vesicles, microemulsions, and lyotropic liquid crystal structures in water, acid water or tetrahydrofuran, etc. As a result of this unique property, they are regarded as a novel category of amphiphiles, and are gaining importance in the field of colloid and interface chemistry. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of protic salts, e.g., alkyl-ammonium nitrates in water, was found to increase with decreasing chain length. It is generally believed that a long alkyl chain length is essential for the formation of self-assembled structures. So far, no self-assembled structure has been reported for protic ionic liquids with an alkyl chain length of n < 4. This paper reports on the structure and dynamics of two imidazolium based protic organic salts with no alkyl chain or a methyl group (n = 1) attached to the cation in water solution, determined through a detailed analysis of NMR spectra and pulsed-field gradient NMR data. We demonstrate that these imidazolium cations with no or a short alkyl chain (n = 1) can form a self-assembled clustering structure in water solution, which has a strong influence on the diffusion behavior of imidazolium molecular ions. It is speculated that this self-assembled structure is likely to be present in other similar solutions of ionic liquids with short alkyl chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Ingenmey J, Gehrke S, Kirchner B. How to Harvest Grotthuss Diffusion in Protic Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1900-1910. [PMID: 29742320 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is often regarded as fuel of the future, and there is an increasing demand for the development of anhydrous proton-conducting electrolytes to enable fuel-cell operation at elevated temperatures exceeding 120 °C. Much attention has been directed at protic ionic liquids as promising candidates, but in the search for highly conductive systems the possibility of designing Grotthuss diffusion-enabled protic ionic liquids has been widely overlooked. Herein, the mechanics of proton-transfer mechanism in the equimolar mixture of N-methylimidazole and acetic acid was explored using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The ionicity of the system is approximated with good agreement to experiments. This system consists mostly of neutral species but exhibits a high ionic conductivity through Grotthuss-like proton conduction. Chains of acetic-acid molecules and other species participating in the proton-transfer mechanisms resembling Grotthuss diffusion could be directly observed. Furthermore, based on these findings, a series of static quantum chemical calculations was conducted to investigate the effect of substituting the anion and cation with different functional groups. We predict whether a given combination of cation and anion will be a true ionic liquid or a molecular mixture and propose some systems as candidates for Grotthuss diffusion-enabled protic ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ingenmey
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sascha Gehrke
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 3436, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rao J, Vijayaraghavan R, Zhou Y, Howlett PC, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Zhu H. The influence of anion chemistry on the ionic conductivity and molecular dynamics in protic organic ionic plastic crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4579-4586. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protic organic ionic plastic crystals based on different anions exhibit more than two orders of magnitude difference in conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Rao
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Melbourne Campus at Burwood
- Burwood VIC 3125
| | - R. Vijayaraghavan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Yundong Zhou
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Melbourne Campus at Burwood
- Burwood VIC 3125
| | - Patrick C. Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Melbourne Campus at Burwood
- Burwood VIC 3125
| | - Douglas R. MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Melbourne Campus at Burwood
- Burwood VIC 3125
| | - Haijin Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University
- Melbourne Campus at Burwood
- Burwood VIC 3125
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miran MS, Yasuda T, Tatara R, Abu Bin Hasan Susan M, Watanabe M. Amphoteric water as acid and base for protic ionic liquids and their electrochemical activity when used as fuel cell electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2017; 206:353-364. [PMID: 28933496 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphoteric water was mixed with equimolar amounts of a super-strong acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), and a super-strong base, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU). Bulk physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the mixtures were compared with those of the best ever reported protic ionic liquid (PIL), diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO]), which has excellent physicochemical properties as a fuel cell electrolyte. The acidic mixture ([H3O][TfO]) behaved as a protic ionic liquid, while the basic mixture ([DBU]OH) showed incomplete proton transfer. The Walden plot indicated that [H3O][TfO] behaves as a good PIL, similar to [dema][TfO], whereas [DBU]OH behaves as a poor PIL. [H3O][TfO] showed excellent H2/O2 fuel cell performance at 80 °C; however, the performance deteriorated as the bulk water content increased, because of the retardation of the electrode kinetics due to the oxidation of Pt in the presence of bulk water. On the other hand, [DBU]OH exhibited very poor performance possibly because of the existence of neutral species in the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Shah Miran
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES FOR 1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM n-ALKYL SULFATES: POSSIBLE EVIDENCE OF GROTTHUSS MECHANISM. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Losetty V, Wilfred CD, Shekar MC. Synthesis and study of ionic interactions by volumetric, transport, FT-IR and computational methods of alkyl imidazolium acetate ionic liquid with molecular solvents (DMSO, DMF & EG) at T = (293.15–363.15) K. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy studies of intermolecular interactions in bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)dihydroborate bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and its mixtures with various cosolvents. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Thawarkar S, Khupse ND, Kumar A. Comparative Investigation of the Ionicity of Aprotic and Protic Ionic Liquids in Molecular Solvents by using Conductometry and NMR Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1006-17. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Thawarkar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411 008 India
| | - Nageshwar D. Khupse
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411 008 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411 008 India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gorska B, Timperman L, Anouti M, Pernak J, Béguin F. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of a new series of protic ionic liquids with N-chloroalkyl functionalized cations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on N-chloroalkyl functionalized morpholinium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium and alkylammonium cations, with bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide as counter-ion, were synthesized by a metathesis reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Gorska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - L. Timperman
- Université François Rabelais
- Laboratoire PCM2E
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - M. Anouti
- Université François Rabelais
- Laboratoire PCM2E
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - J. Pernak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - F. Béguin
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of alkali metal salts on decomposition of ionic liquid like organic salt. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
29
|
Nanda R. Unusual linear dependency of viscosity with temperature in ionic liquid/water mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25801-25805. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unusual linear scaling of the self-diffusion coefficient and viscosity leads to the violation of the SE and FSE equations and shows dynamic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nanda
- Department of Physical Science
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Mohali
- India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh D, Singh V, Islam N, Gardas RL. Elucidation of molecular interactions between a DBU based protic ionic liquid and organic solvents: thermophysical and computational studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy profile of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en-8-ium trifluoroacetate [DBUTFA].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | | | - Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Ramesh L. Gardas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Greaves TL, Drummond CJ. Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure-Property Relationships and Expanding Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11379-448. [PMID: 26426209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Greaves
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yaghini N, Nordstierna L, Martinelli A. Effect of water on the transport properties of protic and aprotic imidazolium ionic liquids - an analysis of self-diffusivity, conductivity, and proton exchange mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:9266-75. [PMID: 24714867 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the transport properties of protic and aprotic ionic liquids of the imidazolium cation (C2C1Im(+) or C2HIm(+)) and the TFSI(-) or TfO(-) anion as a function of added water. We observe that the self-diffusion coefficient of the ionic species increases upon addition of water, and that the cation diffuses faster than the anion in the entire water concentration range investigated. We also observe that the overall increase of anionic and cationic diffusion coefficients is significant for C2HImTfO while it is rather weak for C2C1ImTFSI, the former being more hydrophilic. Moreover, the difference between cationic and anionic self-diffusivity specifically depends on the structure of the ionic liquid's ions. The degree of ion-ion association has been investigated by comparing the molar conductivity obtained by impedance measurements with the molar conductivity calculated from NMR data using the Nernst-Einstein equation. Our data indicate that the ions are partly dissociated (Λimp/ΛNMR in the range 0.45-0.75) but also that the degree of association decreases in the order C2HImTfO > C2HImTFSI ≈ C2C1ImTfO > C2C1ImTFSI. From these results, it seems that water finds different sites of interaction in the protic and aprotic ionic liquids, with a strong preference for hydrogen bonding to the -NH group (when available) and a stronger affinity to the TfO anion as compared to the TFSI. For the protic ionic liquids, the analysis of (1)H NMR chemical shifts (upon addition of H2O and D2O, respectively) indicates a water-cation interaction of hydrogen bonding nature. In addition, we could probe proton exchange between the -NH group and deuterated water for the protic cation, which occurs at a significantly faster rate if associated with the TfO anion as compared to the TFSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yaghini
- Applied Surface Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh V, Singh D, Gardas RL. Effect of DBU (1,8-Diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) Based Protic Ionic Liquid on the Volumetric and Ultrasonic Properties of Ascorbic Acid in Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504938v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vickramjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Ramesh L. Gardas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thawarkar S, Khupse ND, Kumar A. Solvent-mediated molar conductivity of protic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:475-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molar conductivity, Λm, of protic ionic liquids (PILs) in molecular solvents is measured at 298.15 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Thawarkar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Nageshwar D. Khupse
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411 008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wojnarowska Z, Knapik J, Díaz M, Ortiz A, Ortiz I, Paluch M. Conductivity Mechanism in Polymerized Imidazolium-Based Protic Ionic Liquid [HSO3–BVIm][OTf]: Dielectric Relaxation Studies. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - J. Knapik
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M. Díaz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - A. Ortiz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Swiety-Pospiech A, Wojnarowska Z, Hensel-Bielowka S, Pionteck J, Paluch M. Effect of pressure on decoupling of ionic conductivity from structural relaxation in hydrated protic ionic liquid, lidocaine HCl. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
37
|
Couadou E, Jacquemin J, Galiano H, Hardacre C, Anouti M. A comparative study on the thermophysical properties for two bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide-based ionic liquids containing the trimethyl-sulfonium or the trimethyl-ammonium cation in molecular solvents. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1389-402. [PMID: 23286649 DOI: 10.1021/jp308139r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a comparative study of the thermophysical properties of two homologous ionic liquids, namely, trimethyl-sulfonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, [S(111)][TFSI], and trimethyl-ammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, [HN(111)][TFSI], and their mixtures with propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, or gamma butyrolactone as a function of temperature and composition. The influence of solvent addition on the viscosity, conductivity, and thermal properties of IL solutions was studied as a function of the solvent mole fraction from the maximum solubility of IL, x(s), in each solvent to the pure solvent. In this case, x(s) is the composition corresponding to the maximum salt solubility in each liquid solvent at a given temperature from 258.15 to 353.15 K. The effect of temperature on the transport properties of each binary mixture was then investigated by fitting the experimental data using Arrhenius' law and the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. The experimental data shows that the residual conductivity at low temperature, e.g., 263.15 K, of each binary mixture is exceptionally high. For example, conductivity values up to 35 and 42 mS·cm(-1) were observed in the case of the [S(111)][TFSI] + ACN and [HN(111)][TFSI] + ACN binary mixtures, respectively. Subsequently, a theoretical approach based on the conductivity and on the viscosity of electrolytes was formulated by treating the migration of ions as a dynamical process governed by ion-ion and solvent-ion interactions. Within this model, viscosity data sets were first analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation. Using this theoretical approach, excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental and calculated conductivities for the binary mixtures investigated at 298.15 K as a function of the composition up to the maximum solubility of the IL. Finally, the thermal characterization of the IL solutions, using DSC measurements, showed a number of features corresponding to different solid-solid phase transitions, T(S-S), with extremely low melting entropies, indicating a strong organizational structure by easy rotation of methyl group. These ILs can be classified as plastic crystal materials and are promising as ambient-temperature solid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Couadou
- Université François Rabelais, Laboratoire PCM2E, Parc de grandmont 37200 Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rilo E, Vila J, García-Garabal S, Varela LM, Cabeza O. Electrical conductivity of seven binary systems containing 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium alkyl sulfate ionic liquids with water or ethanol at four temperatures. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1411-8. [PMID: 23301957 DOI: 10.1021/jp309891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present experimental measurements of specific electrical (or ionic) conductivity of seven binary systems of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium alkyl sulfate (EMIM-C(n)S) with water or ethanol. Electrical conductivity was measured at 298.15 K in all ranges of concentrations and selected mixtures also at 288.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. The alkyl chains of the anions used are ethyl (EMIM-ES), butyl (EMIM-BS), hexyl (EMIM-HS), and, only for mixtures with ethanol, octyl (EMIM-OS). Let us note that the four ionic liquids (ILs) measured are miscible in water and ethanol at those temperatures and atmospheric pressure in all ranges of concentrations, but EMIM-OS jellifies for a given range of concentration with water. We compare the measured data in terms of the alkyl chain length and solvent nature. Data are compared with previously scarce results for these same systems and also for other aqueous and ethanol mixtures with ILs. In addition, we verify that our data fit the universal theoretical expression with no fitting parameters given by the pseudolattice-based Bahe-Varela model, except for IL concentrated mixtures. To fit well all ranges of concentrations, we add to the original equation two phenomenological terms with one fitting parameter each. Finally, we calculate the molar conductivity and fit it successfully with an expression derived from Onsager theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rilo
- Departamento de Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira s/n. Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Y, Cao Y, Lu X, Zhao C, Yan C, Mu T. Water sorption in protic ionic liquids: correlation between hygroscopicity and polarity. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Anouti M, Timperman L. A pyrrolidinium nitrate protic ionic liquid-based electrolyte for very low-temperature electrical double-layer capacitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6539-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44680h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|