1
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Zhou S, Hou Y, Kong X. Structural Diversity of Protonated Citric Acid-Ammonia Clusters and Its Atmospheric Implication. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8159-8167. [PMID: 37747993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Various acid-base molecular clusters involving organic species can serve as precursors that play important roles in the formation of an atmospheric aerosol. Due to its structural flexibility and its ability to form multiple hydrogen bonds, citric acid acts as a key species in forming clusters that are critical in the nucleation of related aerosol precursors. Thus, it is provoking to characterize the structures of these clusters at the molecular level. In this paper, protonated citric acid-ammonia clusters of various sizes were generated by electrospray ionization and studied by tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of [(CA)2+NH4]1+ and [(CA)4+NH4]1+ were further characterized by the method of infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is found that the most stable structures of the dimeric and tetrameric isomers show the shapes of an ingot and a lantern, respectively. It has been revealed that the temperature has a great effect on the contributions of different isomers for both dimers and tetramers. The dominat isomers are found to have more open structures at higher temperatures, facilitating the growth of clusters through new hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yameng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Oliveira TSD, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri P. Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions of Malic Acid with Common Atmospheric Bases. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3551-3559. [PMID: 37102248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid (MA) (C4H6O5) is one of the most important organic constituents of fruits that is widely used in food and beverage industries. It is also detected in the atmospheric aerosol samples collected in different parts of the world. Considering the fact that secondary organic aerosols have adverse impacts on the global atmosphere and climate and a molecular-level understanding of the compositions and formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols is necessary, we have performed systematic density functional electronic structure calculations to investigate the hydrogen-bonding interactions between MA and several naturally occurring nitrogen-containing atmospheric bases such as ammonia and amines that are derived from ammonia by the substitution of hydrogens by a methyl group. The base molecules were allowed to interact with the carboxylic COOH and the hydroxyl-OH group of the MA separately. While at both sites, MA produces energetically stable binary complexes with bases with large negative values of binding energy, the thermodynamical stability, at an ambient temperature and pressure of 298.15 K and 1 atm, respectively, is favored only for the clusters formed at the COOH site. A much larger red shift of the carboxylic-OH stretch than that of the hydroxyl-OH reinforces the preference of this site for cluster formation. Both the binding electronic energy and binding free energy of MA-ammonia complexes are lower than those of MA-amine complexes, although the amines are derivatives of NH3. The large increase in the Rayleigh activities upon cluster formation indicates that the MA-atmospheric base cluster may interact strongly with solar radiation. The detailed analysis of the structural, energetic, electrical, and spectroscopic properties of the binary complexes formed by MA with atmospheric bases shows that MA could participate in the atmospheric nucleation processes and subsequently contribute effectively to new particle formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angsula Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil
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3
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Patla A, Subramanian R. Thermodynamic and optical properties of HCOOH(H 2O) n and HCOOH(NH 3)(H 2O) (n-1) clusters at various temperatures and pressures: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7869-7880. [PMID: 36857704 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory has been used to compute the gas-phase geometries, binding energies, ZPE-corrected binding energies, BSSE-corrected binding energies, binding enthalpies, and binding free energies of HCOOH(H2O)n and HCOOH(NH3)(H2O)(n-1) clusters with n = 1-8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. Enthalpies and free energies are calculated for a range of atmospherically relevant temperatures (T) and pressures (P) (from T = 298.15 K, P = 1013.25 hPa to T = 216.65 K, P = 226.32 hPa). The optical properties of those clusters have been studied at the CAM-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Patla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, 801103, India.
| | - Ranga Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, 801103, India.
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4
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Peng C, Deng C, Lei T, Zheng J, Zhao J, Wang D, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Liu M, Jiang J, Ye A, Ge M, Wang W. Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:183-202. [PMID: 36521983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles, helping us to better understand the formation and growth of new particles. In this paper, we firstly review these state-of-the-art techniques for investigating the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles (e.g., the gas-phase precursor species, molecular clusters, physicochemical properties, and chemical composition). Secondly, we present findings from recent field studies on the formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles, utilizing several advanced techniques. Furthermore, perspectives are proposed for technique development and improvements in measuring atmospheric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenjuan Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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6
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Liu J, Ni S, Pan X. Interaction of Glutamic Acid/Protonated Glutamic Acid with Amide and Water Molecules: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7750-7762. [PMID: 36253764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing compounds and organic carbon components that exist widely in the atmosphere. The formation of atmospheric aerosols is affected by their interactions with amides. The dimers formed by glutamic acid (Glu) or protonated glutamic acid (Glu+) with three kinds of amide molecules (formamide FA, acetamide AA, urea U) and the hydrated clusters formed by Glu or Glu+, U molecules along with one to six water molecules were systematically studied at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. U is predicted to form a more stable structure with Glu/Glu+ than FA and AA by thermodynamics. If the concentration ratio of FA to U is less than 104, U will play a critical role in NPF. The degree of hydration in Glu+-mU-nW is higher than that of Glu-mU-nW (m = 0, 1; n = 0-6) clusters. Notably, Glu contributes more to the Rayleigh scattering properties than glutaric acid and sulfuric acid, and thus may lead to the destruction of atmospheric visibility. This study is helpful to better understand the properties of organic aerosols containing amino acids or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ni
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, People's Republic of China
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7
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Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid Dimer Formation in a Polluted Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116848. [PMID: 35682431 PMCID: PMC9180914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) contributes significantly to atmospheric particle number concentrations and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In sulfur-rich environments, field measurements have shown that sulfuric acid dimer formation is likely the critical step in NPF. We investigated the dimer formation process based upon the measured sulfuric acid monomer and dimer concentrations, along with previously reported amine concentrations in a sulfur-rich atmosphere (Atlanta, USA). The average sulfuric acid concentration was in the range of 1.7 × 107-1.4 × 108 cm-3 and the corresponding neutral dimer concentrations were 4.1 × 105-5.0 × 106 cm-3 and 2.6 × 105-2.7 × 106 cm-3 after sub-collision and collision ion-induced clustering (IIC) corrections, respectively. Two previously proposed acid-base mechanisms (namely AA and AB) were employed to respectively estimate the evaporation rates of the dimers and the acid-amine complexes. The results show evaporation rates of 0.1-1.3 s-1 for the dimers based on the simultaneously measured average concentrations of the total amines, much higher than those (1.2-13.1 s-1) for the acid-amine complexes. This indicates that the mechanism for dimer formation is likely AA through the formation of more volatile dimers in the initial step of the cluster formation.
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8
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Radola B, Picaud S, Ortega IK. DFT Study of the Formation of Atmospheric Aerosol Precursors from the Interaction between Sulfuric Acid and Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1211-1220. [PMID: 35147031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids are ubiquitous products of the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds which are believed to play a significant role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. In this paper, we report high-level quantum investigations of the clustering properties of sulfuric acid and benzenedicarboxylic acid molecules. Up to four molecules have been considered in the calculations, and the behavior of the three isomers of the organic diacid species have been compared. The most stable geometries have been characterized together with the corresponding thermodynamic data. From an atmospheric point of view, the results of the DFT calculations show that the organic diacid molecules may significantly enhance the nucleation of small atmospheric clusters, at least from an energetic point of view. In this respect, the phthalic acid isomer seems more efficient than the two other isomers of the benzenedicarboxylic acid, in particular because the internal distance between the two carboxyl groups in the organic diacids appears to play an important role in the stabilization of the H-bond network inside the corresponding heterocluster formed with sulfuric acid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Radola
- Institut UTINAM─UMR 6213, CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Picaud
- Institut UTINAM─UMR 6213, CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Ismael Kenneth Ortega
- Multi-Physics for Energetics Department, ONERA/Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
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9
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Chen J. Theoretical analysis of sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water clusters and implications for atmospheric cluster formation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22425-22434. [PMID: 36106005 PMCID: PMC9364903 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, organic compounds potentially involved in atmospheric particle formation have received increased attention. However, the contributions of organic acids as precursors in nucleation remain ambiguous. In this study, the low-lying structures and thermodynamics of the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water system are obtained at the M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,p) level, and the single point energy of the clusters has been calculated at the DF-LMP2-F12/VDZ-F12 level. The formations of the multicomponent clusters are predicted based on thermodynamics, involving proton transfer and hydrogen bonding interactions. Oxalic acid can synergistically promote the formation of the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water system while inhibiting this with the addition of more sulfuric acid molecules. The results of hydrate distribution show that un-hydrate clusters play a dominant role during formation. Moreover, dimethylamine and oxalic acid have similar effects on Rayleigh scattering properties, and the clusters involving complex mixtures of compounds can have high optical activities. The structure of SA2.DMA.OA.W4 cluster.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Anhui Meteorological Observatory, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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10
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Chen J. Studies on the conformation, thermodynamics, and evaporation rate characteristics of sulfuric acid and amines molecular clusters. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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11
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Ni S, Bai F, Pan X. Synergistic effect of glutaric acid and ammonia/amine/amide on their hydrates in the clustering: A theoretical study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130063. [PMID: 33984898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of molecular clusters makes influence on the atmosphere. The clusters of glutaric acid (GA) and common ammonia (A), amine (methylamine MA, dimethylamine DMA) and representative amide (urea U) along with water molecule were systematically studied theoretically. GA-A-nW (n = 1, 2), GA-MA-nW (n = 1, 2), GA-DMA-1W and GA-U-nW (n = 1-6) are predicted to be feasible thermodynamically with the hydrogen bonds as interaction force. GA and urea promote the clustering synergistically, and ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine promote the clustering of small GA hydrates (n = 1-2), while inhibit that of large GA hydrates (n = 3-6). The results of humidity show that un-hydrate or mono-hydrate is the main form of GA-mbase-nW (m = 0, 1; n = 1-6) under relative humidity of 20%, 50% and 80%. The global minima remain dominant over the temperature range of 220-320 K. GA contributes more to the Rayleigh scattering properties than sulfuric acid. More importantly, the local minima can undergo isomerization to form the global minima crossing a free energy barrier ranging from 6.66 to 11.78 kcal mol-1. This study indicates that GA and base molecules play a synergistic role to promote the formation of clusters. We hope it can provide more insights on interesting clustering in theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ni
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyang Bai
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jaoui M, Piletic IR, Szmigielski R, Rudzinski KJ, Lewandowski M, Riedel TP, Kleindienst TE. Rapid production of highly oxidized molecules in isoprene aerosol via peroxy and alkoxy radical isomerization pathways in low and high NO x environments: Combined laboratory, computational and field studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145592. [PMID: 34380608 PMCID: PMC8363757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified seven novel hydroxy-carboxylic acids resulting from gas-phase reactions of isoprene in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and/or hydroxyl radicals (OH). In the present study, we provide evidence that hydroxy-carboxylic acids, namely methyltartaric acids (MTA) are: (1) reliable isoprene tracers, (2) likely produced via rapid peroxy radical hydrogen atom (H) shift reactions (autoxidation mechanism) and analogous alkoxy radical H shifts in low and high NOx environments respectively and (3) representative of aged ambient aerosol in the low NOx regime. Firstly, MTA are reliable tracers of isoprene aerosol because they have been identified in numerous chamber experiments involving isoprene conducted under a wide range of conditions and are absent in the oxidation of mono- and sesquiterpenes. They are also present in numerous samples of ambient aerosol collected during the past 20 years at several locations in the U.S. and Europe. Furthermore, MTA concentrations measured during a year-long field study in Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC in 2003 show a seasonal trend consistent with isoprene emissions and photochemical activity. Secondly, an analysis of chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) data of several chamber experiments in low and high NOx environments show that highly oxidized molecules (HOMs) derived from isoprene that lead to MTAs may be produced rapidly and considered as early generation isoprene oxidation products in the gas phase. Density functional theory calculations show that rapid intramolecular H shifts involving peroxy and alkoxy radicals possess low barriers for methyl-hydroxy-butenals (MHBs) that may represent precursors for MTA. From these results, a viable rapid H shift mechanism is proposed to occur that produces isoprene derived HOMs like MTA. Finally, an analysis of the mechanism shows that autoxidation-like pathways in low and high NOx may produce HOMs in a few OH oxidation steps like commonly detected methyl tetrol (MT) isoprene tracers. The ratio of MTA/MT in isoprene aerosol is also shown to be significantly greater in field versus chamber samples indicating the importance of such pathways in the atmosphere even for smaller hydrocarbons like isoprene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jaoui
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America.
| | - Ivan R Piletic
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Rafal Szmigielski
- Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Rudzinski
- Environmental Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Theran P Riedel
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - Tadeusz E Kleindienst
- Center for Environmental Measurement & Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
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13
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Liu J, Liu L, Rong H, Zhang X. The potential mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation involving amino acids with multiple functional groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10184-10195. [PMID: 33751015 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are recognized as significant components of atmospheric aerosols. However, their potential role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is poorly understood, especially aspartic acid (ASP), one of the most abundant amino acids in the atmosphere. It has not only two advantageous carboxylic acid groups but also one amino group, both of which are both effective groups enhancing NPF. Herein, the participation mechanism of ASP in the formation of new particle involving sulfuric acid (SA)-ammonia (A)-based system has been studied using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) combined with the Atmospheric Clusters Dynamic Code (ACDC). The results show that the addition of ASP molecules in the SA-A-based clusters provides a promotion on the interaction between SA and A molecules. Moreover, ACDC simulations indicate that ASP could present an obvious enhancement effect on SA-A-based cluster formation rates. Meanwhile, the enhancement strength R presents a positive dependence on [ASP] and a negative dependence on [SA] and [A]. Besides, the enhancement effect of ASP is compared with that of malonic acid (MOA) with two carboxylic acid groups (Chemosphere, 2018, 203, 26-33), and ASP presents a more obvious enhancement effect than MOA. The mechanism of NPF indicates that ASP could contribute to cluster formation as a "participator" which is different from the "catalytic" role of MOA at 238 K. These new insights are helpful to understand the mechanism of NPF involving organic compounds with multiple functional groups, especially the abundant amino acids, such as the ASP, in the urban/suburban areas with intensive human activities and industrial productions and therefore the abundant sources of amino acids. Furthermore, the NPF of the SA-A-based system involving amino acid should be considered when assessing the environmental risk of amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Rong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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14
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Peng J, Hu M, Shang D, Wu Z, Du Z, Tan T, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhang R. Explosive Secondary Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2189-2207. [PMID: 33539077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe haze events with exceedingly high-levels of fine aerosols occur frequently over the past decades in the North China Plain (NCP), exerting profound impacts on human health, weather, and climate. The development of effective mitigation policies requires a comprehensive understanding of the haze formation mechanisms, including identification and quantification of the sources, formation, and transformation of the aerosol species. Haze evolution in this region exhibits distinct physical and chemical characteristics from clean to polluted periods, as evident from increasing stagnation and relative humidity, but decreasing solar radiation as well as explosive secondary aerosol formation. The latter is attributed to highly elevated concentrations of aerosol precursor gases and is reflected by rapid increases in the particle number and mass concentrations, both corresponding to nonequilibrium chemical processes. Considerable new knowledge has been acquired to understand the processes regulating haze formation, particularly in light of the progress in elucidating the aerosol formation mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding secondary aerosol formation, by highlighting several critical chemical/physical processes, that is, new particle formation and aerosol growth driven by photochemistry and aqueous chemistry as well as the interaction between aerosols and atmospheric stability. Current challenges and future research priorities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongjie Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Zuo C, Zhao X, Wang H, Ma X, Zheng S, Xu F, Zhang Q. A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:328-339. [PMID: 33279046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH•••O > COH•••O > NH•••O > CH•••O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH3) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Zuo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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16
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de Souza Gonçalves D, Chaudhuri P. Atmospherically Relevant Hydrogen-Bonded Interactions between Methanesulfonic Acid and H 2SO 4 Clusters: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:11072-11085. [PMID: 33337158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A detailed and systematic quantum-chemical calculation has been performed with high-level density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the electrostatic interaction of methanesulfonic acid (CH3SO3H), also known as MSA, with pre-formed clusters of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) molecules in ambient conditions. Both MSA and H2SO4 are considered as atmospheric molecules that might play active roles in aerosol formation. The interactions between MSA and H2SO4 clusters lead to the formation of MSA···(H2SO4)n (n = 2, 3) complexes stabilized by the formation of different types of intermolecular hydrogen bond networks. Analyses of cluster binding energies and free energy changes associated with their formation indicate that MSA could bring additional stability into the atmospheric molecular clusters responsible for aerosol formation. Variations of Gibbs free energy with temperature and pressure have been analyzed. The lower temperatures and pressures at the higher altitudes of the troposphere are found to play in favor of higher stability of the MSA···(H2SO4)n clusters. Effects of hydrogen bond formation on dipole moment, mean polarizability, and anisotropy of polarizability of the clusters have been analyzed. Rayleigh scattering intensities are found to increase many-fold when light interacts with the MSA···(H2SO4)n clusters.
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Abstract
Urbanization is an ongoing global phenomenon as more and more people are moving from rural to urban areas for better employment opportunities and a higher standard of living, leading to the growth of megacities, broadly defined as urban agglomeration with more than 10 million inhabitants. Intense activities in megacities induce high levels of air pollutants in the atmosphere that harm human health, cause regional haze and acid deposition, damage crops, influence air quality in regions far from the megacity sources, and contribute to climate change. Since the Great London Smog and the first recognized episode of Los Angeles photochemical smog seventy years ago, substantial progress has been made in improving the scientific understanding of air pollution and in developing emissions reduction technologies. However, much remains to be understood about the complex processes of atmospheric oxidation mechanisms; the formation and evolution of secondary particles, especially those containing organic species; and the influence of emerging emissions sources and changing climate on air quality and health. While air quality has substantially improved in megacities in developed regions and some in the developing regions, many still suffer from severe air pollution. Strong regional and international collaboration in data collection and assessment will be beneficial in strengthening the capacity. This article provides an overview of the sources of emissions in megacities, atmospheric physicochemical processes, air quality trends and management in a few megacities, and the impacts on health and climate. The challenges and opportunities facing megacities due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa T Molina
- Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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18
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Lengyel J, Pysanenko A, Fárníková K, Pluhařová E, Fárník M. Oxidation Enhances Aerosol Nucleation: Measurement of Kinetic Pickup Probability of Organic Molecules on Hydrated Acid Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2101-2105. [PMID: 32101439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the uptake of the most prominent biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-isoprene, α-pinene, and their selected oxidation products-by hydrated acid clusters in a molecular beam experiment and by DFT calculations. Our experiments provide a unique and direct way of determination of the surface accommodation coefficient (αS) on the proxies of ultrafine aerosol particles. Since we are able to determine unambiguously the fraction of the clusters to which the molecules stick upon collisions, our αS is a purely kinetic parameter disentangling the molecule pickup from its evaporation. Oxidation increases the αS of VOCs by more than an order of magnitude, because oxidized compounds form hydrogen bonds with the clusters, whereas the interactions of the parent VOCs are weaker and nonspecific. This work provides molecular-level insight into the condensation of single molecules into atmospheric particles, which has important implications for aerosol nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lengyel
- Chair of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Fárníková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Perraud V, Xu J, Gerber RB, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Integrated experimental and theoretical approach to probe the synergistic effect of ammonia in methanesulfonic acid reactions with small alkylamines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:305-328. [PMID: 31904037 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While new particle formation events have been observed worldwide, our fundamental understanding of the precursors remains uncertain. It has been previously shown that small alkylamines and ammonia (NH3) are key actors in sub-3 nm particle formation through reactions with acids such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and methanesulfonic acid (CH3S(O)(O)OH, MSA), and that water also plays a role. Because NH3 and amines co-exist in air, we carried out combined experimental and theoretical studies examining the influence of the addition of NH3 on particle formation from the reactions of MSA with methylamine (MA) and trimethylamine (TMA). Experiments were performed in a 1 m flow reactor at 1 atm and 296 K. Measurements using an ultrafine condensation particle counter (CPC) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) show that new particle formation was systematically enhanced upon simultaneous addition of NH3 to the MSA + amine binary system, with the magnitude depending on the amine investigated. For the MSA + TMA reaction system, the addition of NH3 at ppb concentrations produced a much greater effect (i.e. order of magnitude more particles) than the addition of ∼12 000 ppm water (corresponding to ∼45-50% relative humidity). The effect of NH3 on the MSA + MA system, which is already very efficient in forming particles on its own, was present but modest. Calculations of energies, partial charges and structures of small cluster models of the multi-component particles likewise suggest synergistic effects due to NH3 in the presence of MSA and amine. The local minimum structures and the interactions involved suggest mechanisms for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. and Institute of Chemistry, The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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20
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Wang H, Zhao X, Zuo C, Ma X, Xu F, Sun Y, Zhang Q. A molecular understanding of the interaction of typical aromatic acids with common aerosol nucleation precursors and their atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36171-36181. [PMID: 35540604 PMCID: PMC9075000 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic acids, which are generated from numerous anthropogenic emissions and secondary transformations, have been considered to play a crucial role in new particle formation. In this study, we performed theoretical calculations at the PW91PW91/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level to investigate the interaction between typical aromatic acids namely benzoic acid (BA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), phthalic acid (PA), isophthalic acid (mPA), and terephthalic acid (PTA) and common atmospheric nucleation precursors namely sulfuric acid (SA), water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA). The geometric analysis, Gibbs free energy analysis, OH/NH-stretching vibrational frequency calculation, and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis were conducted to determine the interactions in the complexes. The heterodimers formed a six to eight membered ring through four types of hydrogen bond, and the bond strength could be ranked in descending order: SO-H⋯O > O-H⋯O/N > N-H⋯O. The BA/PAA/mPA/PTA-SA complexes had the lowest Gibbs free energy values. PA was more likely to interact with NH3 or amines rather than SA due to an intra-molecular hydrogen bond. Additionally, the aromatic acids have similar ability to interact with SA and NH3 as monocarboxylic/dicarboxylic acid. The formation potential of the heterodimers from aromatic acids with common nucleation precursors in ambient atmosphere was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China +86-532-5863198
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China +86-532-5863198
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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21
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22
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Sheng X, Wang B, Song X, Ngwenya CA, Wang Y, Zhao H. Atmospheric Initial Nucleation Containing Carboxylic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3876-3886. [PMID: 30974943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benjin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cleopatra Ashley Ngwenya
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- College of Mathematical Science, Tianjin Normal University, Binshui West Road 393, 300387 Tianjin, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Elm J. Unexpected Growth Coordinate in Large Clusters Consisting of Sulfuric Acid and C8H12O6 Tricarboxylic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3170-3175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Zhang X, Zhang C, Sun X, Yang J, Zhu C. Mechanism and kinetic study of the reaction of benzoic acid with OH, NO3 and SO4− radicals in the atmosphere. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18971-18977. [PMID: 35516889 PMCID: PMC9064871 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoic acid (BA) is one of the most common organic acids in the Earth’s atmosphere and an important component of atmospheric aerosol particles. The reaction mechanism of OH, NO3 and SO4− radicals with BA in atmospheric water droplets and that of OH radicals with BA in the atmosphere were studied in this paper. The results show that in atmospheric water droplets the potential barriers of the elementary addition reactions of BA with OH radicals are lower than those of elementary abstraction reactions, and the potential barriers of OH-initiated reactions are less than for NO3 and SO4− reactions. The initiation reactions of OH radicals and BA are exothermic, but the abstraction reactions of NO3 and SO4− are endothermic processes. Among the products, 6-hydroxybenzoic acid (6-HBA) and 4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (4,6-DHBA) are the most stable, while 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA) are much less stable and, thus, much less abundant compared to 6-HBA and 4,6-DHBA. The initiation and subsequent degradation of BA with OH radicals in the gas phase were calculated. The products of addition and abstraction reactions of BA with OH radicals can be further oxidized and degraded by O2/NO. According to the results of kinetic calculations, the total reaction rate constant of OH radicals with BA at 298.15 K in atmospheric water droplets is 2.35 × 10−11 cm3 per molecule per s. The relationship between reaction rate constants, temperature and altitude were also investigated and discussed in the present study. We present a study of benzoic acid with OH, NO3 and SO4− radicals in the atmospheric environment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environment
- Binzhou University
- Binzhou 256600
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaoxue Yang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Shandong Province Environmental Monitoring Center
- Jinan 250013
- P. R. China
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25
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Ma X, Sun Y, Huang Z, Zhang Q, Wang W. A density functional theory study of the molecular interactions between a series of amides and sulfuric acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:781-790. [PMID: 30296766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amides, a class of nitrogen-containing organic pollutants in the atmosphere, may affect the formation of atmospheric aerosols by the interactions with sulfuric acid. Here, the molecular interactions of sulfuric acid with formamide, methylformamide, dimethylformamide, acetamide, methylacetamide and dimethylacetamide was investigated by density functional theory. Geometry optimization and Gibbs free energy calculation were carried out at M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. The results indicate that the addition of amides to H2SO4 might have a promoting effect on atmospheric new particle formation at 298.15 K and 1 atm. In the initial stage of new particle formation, the binding capacity of amides and sulfuric acid is stronger than ammonia, but weaker than methylamine. It is worth noting that the trans-methylacetamide could have similar capabilities of stabilizing sulfuric acid as dimethylamine. In the presence of water, amides are found to only have a weak enhancement capability on new particle formation. In addition, we can infer from evaporation rate that the small molecule clusters of formamide and sulfuric acid may be more energetically favorable than macromolecule clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zixiao Huang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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26
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Hou GL, Lin W, Wang XB. Direct Observation of Hierarchic Molecular Interactions Critical to Biogenic Aerosol Formation. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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An investigation about the structures, thermodynamics and kinetics of the formic acid involved molecular clusters. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Pysanenko A, Lengyel J, Fárník M. Uptake of methanol on mixed HNO 3/H 2O clusters: An absolute pickup cross section. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154301. [PMID: 29679959 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of atmospheric oxidized organics on acid clusters is relevant for atmospheric new particle formation. We investigate the pickup of methanol (CH3OH) on mixed nitric acid-water clusters (HNO3)M(H2O)N by a combination of mass spectrometry and cluster velocity measurements in a molecular beam. The mass spectra of the mixed clusters exhibit (HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ series with m = 0-3 and n = 0-12. In addition, CH3OH·(HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ series with very similar patterns appear in the spectra after the methanol pickup. The velocity measurements prove that the undoped (HNO3)m(H2O)nH+ mass peaks in the pickup spectra originate from the neutral (HNO3)M(H2O)N clusters which have not picked up any CH3OH molecule, i.e., methanol has not evaporated upon the ionization. Thus the fraction of the doped clusters can be determined and the mean pickup cross section can be estimated, yielding σs¯≈ 20 Å2. This is compared to the lower estimate of the mean geometrical cross section σg¯≈ 60 Å2 obtained from the theoretical cluster geometries. Thus the "size" of the cluster corresponding to the methanol pickup is at least 3-times smaller than its geometrical size. We have introduced a method which can yield the absolute pickup cross sections relevant to the generation and growth of atmospheric aerosols, as illustrated in the example of methanol and nitric acid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lengyel
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Hong Y, Liu YR, Wen H, Miao SK, Huang T, Peng XQ, Jiang S, Feng YJ, Huang W. Interaction of oxalic acid with methylamine and its atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7225-7234. [PMID: 35540338 PMCID: PMC9078381 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalic acid, which is one of the most common dicarboxylic acids, is expected to be an important component of atmospheric aerosols. However, the contribution of oxalic acid to the generation of new particles is still poorly understood. In this study, the structural characteristics and thermodynamics of (C2H2O4)(CH3NH2) n (n = 1-4) were investigated at the PW91PW91/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. We found that clusters formed by oxalic acid and methylamine are relatively stable, and the more the atoms participating in the formation of a ring-like structure, the more stable is the cluster. In addition, via the analysis of atmospheric relevance, it can be revealed that clusters of (C2H2O4)(CH3NH2) n (n = 1-4) have a noteworthy concentration in the atmosphere, which indicates that these clusters could be participating in new particle formation. Moreover, by comparison with (H2C2O4)(NH3) n (n = 1-6) species, it can be seen that oxalic acid is more readily bound to methylamine than to ammonia, which promotes nucleation or new particle formation. Finally, the Rayleigh scattering properties of clusters of (C2H2O4)(CH3NH2) n (n = 1-4) were investigated for the first time to determine their atmospheric implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Shou-Kui Miao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
| | - Xiu-Qiu Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui 230031 China
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen Fujian 361021 China
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30
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Han YJ, Feng YJ, Miao SK, Jiang S, Liu YR, Wang CY, Chen J, Wang ZQ, Huang T, Li J, Huang W. Hydration of 3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylglutaric acid with dimethylamine complex and its atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25780-25791. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in temperature affects the distribution of isomers, which facilitates the understanding of new particle formation in the atmosphere.
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31
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Miao SK, Jiang S, Peng XQ, Liu YR, Feng YJ, Wang YB, Zhao F, Huang T, Huang W. Hydration of the methanesulfonate–ammonia/amine complex and its atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3250-3263. [PMID: 35541186 PMCID: PMC9077587 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanesulfonate (MSA−), found in substantial concentrations in the atmosphere, is expected to enhance aerosol nucleation and the growth of nanoparticles, but the details of methanesulfonate clusters are poorly understood. In this study, MSA− was chosen along with ammonia (NH3) or three common amines and water (H2O) to discuss the roles of ternary homogeneous nucleation and ion-induced nucleation in aerosol formation. We studied the structural characteristics and thermodynamics of the clusters using density functional theory at the PW91PW91/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level. The analysis of noncovalent interactions predicts that the amines can form more stable clusters with MSA− than NH3, in agreement with the results from structures and thermodynamics; however, the enhancement in stability for amines is not large enough to overcome the difference in the concentrations of NH3 and amines under typical atmospheric conditions. In addition, the favorable free energies of formation for the (MSA−)(NH3/amines)(H2O)n (n = 0–3) clusters at 298.15 K show that MSA− could contribute to the aerosol nucleation process with binding NH3/amines and H2O up to n = 3. There are strong temperature and humidity dependences for the formation of complexes; higher humidity and temperature promote the formation of larger hydrates. Finally, for the (MSA−)(NH3/amines)(H2O)n clusters, the evaporation rates were determined to further investigate the atmospheric implications. Methanesulfonate (MSA−), found in substantial concentrations in the atmosphere, is expected to enhance aerosol nucleation and the growth of nanoparticles, but the details of methanesulfonate clusters are poorly understood.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Kui Miao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiu-Qiu Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yan-Bing Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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32
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Shi X, Zhang R, Sun Y, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang W. A density functional theory study of aldehydes and their atmospheric products participating in nucleation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The products of aldehydes from aldol condensation, hydration, and polymerization reactions can promote new particle formation by stabilizing sulfuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Shi
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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33
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Bock N, Baum MM, Anderson MB, Pesta A, Northrop WF. Dicarboxylic Acid Emissions from Aftertreatment Equipped Diesel Engines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13036-13043. [PMID: 28952310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids play a key role in atmospheric particle nucleation. Though long assumed to originate from primary sources, little experimental evidence exists directly linking combustion to their emissions. In this work, we sought definitive proof that dicarboxylic acids are produced in diesel engines and that they can slip through a modern aftertreatment system (ATS) at low exhaust temperatures. One difficulty in measuring dicarboxylic acid emissions is that they cannot be identified using conventional mass spectroscopy techniques. In this work, we refined a derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique to measure 11 mono- and dicarboxylic acids from plain and KOH impregnated quartz filters. Filters were loaded with exhaust from a modern passenger car diesel engine on a dynamometer sampled before and after an ATS consisting of an oxidation catalyst and diesel particulate filter. Our findings confirm that dicarboxylic acids are produced in diesel engine combustion, especially during low temperature combustion modes that emit significant concentrations of partially combusted hydrocarbons. Exhaust acids were largely removed by a fully warmed-up ATS, mitigating their environmental impact. Our results also suggest that dicarboxylic acids do not participate in primary particle formation in dilute engine exhaust as low quantities were collected on unimpregnated filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Bock
- University of Minnesota , 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc M Baum
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Mackenzie B Anderson
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Anaïs Pesta
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, 132 W. Chestnut Ave., Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - William F Northrop
- University of Minnesota , 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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34
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Schnitzler EG, Seifert NA, Kusuma I, Jäger W. Rotational Spectroscopy of p-Toluic Acid and Its 1:1 Complex with Water. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8625-8631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan A. Seifert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G
2G2, Canada
| | - Ignes Kusuma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G
2G2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G
2G2, Canada
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35
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Hu YC, Zhang XH, Li QS, Zhang YH, Li ZS. Effect of Water on the Structure and Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Oxalic Acid Dimer. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3375-3383. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Ze-Sheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 P.R. China
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36
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Zhang H, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Zhang X, Molinero V, Zhang Y, Li Z. The enhancement mechanism of glycolic acid on the formation of atmospheric sulfuric acid–ammonia molecular clusters. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Zhao H, Jiang X, Du L. Contribution of methane sulfonic acid to new particle formation in the atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:689-699. [PMID: 28199945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is present in substantial concentrations in the gas phase over oceans and coastal regions. We present an investigation into the contribution of MSA to new particle formation with the common atmospheric aerosol nucleation precursors including MSA, methanol, formic acid, acetone, dimethylether, formaldehyde, methyl formate, by making use a quantum chemical approach. Density functional theory calculations indicate that these bimolecular complexes are characterized by the presence of strong inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (SOH⋯O) with large binding energies and thermodynamic equilibrium constants. Topological analysis employing quantum theory of atoms in molecules shows that the charge density of the SOH⋯O hydrogen bonds of the MSA complexes falls in the range of hydrogen bonding criteria, but the Laplacian at bond critical points exceeds the range, which is due to the strong hydrogen bonding interactions. In all the studied complexes, the electrostatic interactions are found to be the main attractive force by localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis. All these indicate the environmental fate of MSA could play the role of nucleation centers in new particle formation. The effect of the atmospheric heights (0-12 km) was also considered. The Gibbs free energy of formation decreases with the increase of the atmospheric height owing to the decrease of the atmospheric temperature and pressure. The calculated Gibbs free energies of formation within the atmospheric temperature and pressure range could help to understand the atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, 250100 Shandong, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, 250100 Shandong, China.
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38
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Xu J, Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Gerber RB. Proton Transfer in Mixed Clusters of Methanesulfonic Acid, Methylamine, and Oxalic Acid: Implications for Atmospheric Particle Formation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2377-2385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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39
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Wang XB. Cluster Model Studies of Anion and Molecular Specificities via Electrospray Ionization Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1389-1401. [PMID: 28060511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ion specificity, a widely observed macroscopic phenomenon in condensed phases and at interfaces, is a fundamental chemical physics issue. Herein we report our recent studies of such effects using cluster models in an "atom-by-atom" and "molecule-by-molecule" fashion not possible with the condensed-phase methods. We use electrospray ionization (ESI) to generate molecular and ionic clusters to simulate key molecular entities involved in local binding regions and characterize them by employing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES). Inter- and intramolecular interactions and binding configurations are directly obtained as functions of the cluster size and composition, providing molecular-level descriptions and characterization over the local active sites that play crucial roles in determining the solution chemistry and condensed-phase phenomena. The topics covered in this article are relevant to a wide range of research fields from ion specific effects in electrolyte solutions, ion selectivity/recognition in normal functioning of life, to molecular specificity in aerosol particle formation, as well as in rational material design and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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40
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Elm J, Kristensen K. Basis set convergence of the binding energies of strongly hydrogen-bonded atmospheric clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1122-1133. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first binding energy benchmark set at the CBS limit of strongly hydrogen bonded atmospheric molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences
- Department of Physics
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- qLEAP Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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41
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Arquero KD, Xu J, Gerber RB, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Particle formation and growth from oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28286-28301. [PMID: 29028063 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental-theoretical study on the effect of oxalic acid on particle formation and growth from the reaction of MSA with trimethylamine in the absence and presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
- Institute of Chemistry
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42
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Chen J, Jiang S, Liu YR, Huang T, Wang CY, Miao SK, Wang ZQ, Zhang Y, Huang W. Interaction of oxalic acid with dimethylamine and its atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27945g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalic acid and dimethylamine are the most common organic acid and base in the atmosphere, and are recognized as significant precursor species in atmospheric new particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shou-Kui Miao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhong-Quan Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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43
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Elm J, Myllys N, Kurtén T. Phosphoric acid – a potentially elusive participant in atmospheric new particle formation. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1262558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Partanen L, Hänninen V, Halonen L. Effects of Global and Local Anharmonicities on the Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfuric Acid Monohydrate. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5511-5524. [PMID: 27662456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We use state-of-the-art electronic structure calculation methods and large basis sets to obtain reliable values for the thermodynamic properties of sulfuric acid monohydrate and study the effects of vibrational anharmonicity on these properties. We distinguish between two forms of vibrational anharmonicity: local anharmonicity, which refers to the anharmonicity of the vibrational modes of a given cluster conformer, and global anharmonicity, which originates from accounting for the presence of different conformers in the first place. In our most accurate approach, we solve the nuclear Schrödinger equation variationally for the intermolecular large-amplitude motions, thus quantum-mechanically accounting for the presence of higher-energy conformers for both reactants and products, while using the standard vibrational perturbational approach for the other vibrational modes. This results in a value of -11.0 kJ/mol for the reaction Gibbs free energy at 298.15 K. When standard vibrational perturbational approaches are employed, the effects of local anharmonicity depend heavily on the choice of the electronic structure calculation basis set. In fact, better results can often be achieved by combining a simple harmonic treatment for the vibrational partition function with a statistical mechanical accounting of global anharmonicity. Thus, we recommend that future studies that intend to include anharmonicity start by accounting for the presence of higher-energy conformers and only then consider whether local anharmonicity calculations are feasible and necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Partanen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Hänninen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Partanen L, Vehkamäki H, Hansen K, Elm J, Henschel H, Kurtén T, Halonen R, Zapadinsky E. Effect of Conformers on Free Energies of Atmospheric Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8613-8624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Partanen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaff Hällströmin
katu 2a), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klavs Hansen
- Tianjin
International Center of Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai district, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaff Hällströmin
katu 2a), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Henschel
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaff Hällströmin
katu 2a), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Halonen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaff Hällströmin
katu 2a), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Evgeni Zapadinsky
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaff Hällströmin
katu 2a), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Wang Y, Huang Y, Gu B, Xiao X, Liang D, Rao W. Formation of the H2SO4 ·HSO−4 dimer in the atmosphere as a function of conditions: a simulation study. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1238522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Institute of Space Weather, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yugai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ding Liang
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Rao
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
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47
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Wang CY, Ma Y, Chen J, Jiang S, Liu YR, Wen H, Feng YJ, Hong Y, Huang T, Huang W. Bidirectional Interaction of Alanine with Sulfuric Acid in the Presence of Water and the Atmospheric Implication. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2357-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- School of Environmental Science & Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Center
for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
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48
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Hou GL, Valiev M, Wang XB. Deprotonated Dicarboxylic Acid Homodimers: Hydrogen Bonds and Atmospheric Implications. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2342-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences
Division and ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Marat Valiev
- Physical Sciences
Division and ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences
Division and ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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49
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Schnitzler EG, Badran C, Jäger W. Contrasting Effects of Water on the Barriers to Decarboxylation of Two Oxalic Acid Monohydrates: A Combined Rotational Spectroscopic and Ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1143-1147. [PMID: 26963633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using rotational spectroscopy, we have observed two isomers of the monohydrate of oxalic acid, the most abundant dicarboxylic acid in the atmosphere. In the lowest-energy isomer, water hydrogen-bonds to both carboxylic acid groups, and the barrier to decarboxylation decreases. In the second isomer, water bonds to only one carboxylic acid group, and the barrier increases. Though the lower barrier in the former is not unequivocal evidence that water acts as a photocatalyst, the higher barrier in the latter indicates that water acts as an inhibitor in this topology. Oxalic acid is unique among dicarboxylic acids: for the higher homologues calculated, the inhibiting topology of the monohydrate is lowest in energy and most abundant under atmospheric conditions. Consequently, oxalic acid is the only dicarboxylic acid for which single-water catalysis of overtone-induced decarboxylation in the atmosphere is plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah G Schnitzler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Courtenay Badran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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50
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Gomez-Hernandez M, McKeown M, Secrest J, Marrero-Ortiz W, Lavi A, Rudich Y, Collins DR, Zhang R. Hygroscopic Characteristics of Alkylaminium Carboxylate Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2292-2300. [PMID: 26794419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity for a series of alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols have been measured using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer coupled to a condensation particle counter and a CCN counter. The particles, consisting of the mixtures of mono- (acetic, propanoic, p-toluic, and cis-pinonic acid) and dicarboxylic (oxalic, succinic, malic, adipic, and azelaic acid) acid with alkylamine (mono-, di-, and trimethylamines), represent those commonly found under diverse environmental conditions. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of the alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols was derived from the HGF and CCN results and theoretically calculated. The HGF at 90% RH is in the range of 1.3 to 1.8 for alkylaminium monocarboxylates and 1.1 to 2.2 for alkylaminium dicarboxylates, dependent on the molecular functionality (i.e., the carboxylic or OH functional group in organic acids and methyl substitution in alkylamines). The κ value for all alkylaminium carboxylates is in the range of 0.06-1.37 derived from the HGF measurements at 90% RH, 0.05-0.49 derived from the CCN measurements, and 0.22-0.66 theoretically calculated. The measured hygroscopicity of the alkylaminium carboxylates increases with decreasing acid to base ratio. The deliquescence point is apparent for several of the alkylaminium dicarboxylates but not for the alkylaminium monocarboxylates. Our results reveal that alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols exhibit distinct hygroscopic and deliquescent characteristics that are dependent on their molecular functionality, hence regulating their impacts on human health, air quality, and direct and indirect radiative forcing on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Megan McKeown
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeremiah Secrest
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Wilmarie Marrero-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Don R Collins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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